新四级翻译练习答案.doc

Translation 1很难想象我们的先辈们没有现代技术带来的这么多方便那日子是怎么过的。那个时候只有一小部分人享受一些舒适条件。大部分人连饭都吃不饱，更不要说接受教育的特权了。然而，许多人责怪现代技术，说它带来了很多问题。他们想减慢进步的速度。但是谁也不能阻止时代的前进。我们能做的是技术向哪个方向发展做出明智的决定。English version:It is hard to imagine how our forefathers could do without so many conveniences that modern technology has brought about. Back then, only a small proportion of the population enjoyed some comforts. The majority didnt even have sufficient food, not to speak of / let alone the privilege of being educated. However, many people blame modern technology for the problems it has created. They want to slow down the rate of progress, but no one can put the clock back. The best we can do / What we can do is to make informed decisions as to the direction in which technology is to develop. Translation 2武汉由长江、汉水分为三镇，因而亦被称为“江城”。武汉历史悠久，早在新石器时代（the Neolithic Age）这里就有人聚居和建筑城池。明清年间，汉口已是全国闻名的商埠，为当时中国的四大名镇之一。在中国近代史上，武汉作为民主革命的发祥地，写下了光辉的篇章。武汉具有优越的地理环境，有“九省通衢”之称。Wuhan is divided into three parts by the Changjiang River / Yangtze River and the Han River, hence also the name of “Jiangcheng” or the “River City”. Wuhan boasts a long history. As far back as the Neolithic Age people were found living and building a city here. During the period of the Ming and Qing dynasties, Hankou already became a commercial city known far and wide and was one of the four famous cities of China at that time. Wuhan as the birthplace of Chinas democratic revolution has added an illustrious chapter to Chinese modern history. Wuhan is superior in geographical conditions and known as “a thoroughfare to nine provinces”. Translation 3汽车在二十世纪改变了世界，尤其是在美国和其他工业国家。汽车确实对我们大有用处，但也带来了一些危害，比如声音污染、空气污染以及公路死亡事故。据报道汽车事故被列为全世界导致死伤的主要原因之一。可庆幸的是，现代发明家门正在重新发明汽车。新的推进系统（propulsion system）、燃料、设计以及制造汽车的手段在过去的十年中得到迅速发展。例如，通过使用卫星辅助的全球定位系统，汽车里的计算机能给汽车精确定位；随着遥感器（sensor）的应用，智能汽车能排除不少汽车事故。English version:Automobiles changed the world during the 20th century, particularly in the United States and other industrialized nations. They are indeed of great use to us, but they have brought some hazards as well, such as noise and air pollution as well as highway fatalities. It is reported that automobile accidents rank among the leading causes of death and injury throughout the world. Fortunately modern innovators are reinventing the automobile. New propulsion systems, fuels, designs, and means of manufacturing cars have all developed rapidly in the past decade. For example, by using the satellite-aided global positioning system (GPS), a computer in the automobile can locate the vehicles precise position and with the application of sensors, smart cars will be able to eliminate most car accidents.Translation 4亨利教授的论文使我深受启发。他认为，在一个多元化社会里，不同意见是不可避免的。关键在于怎样正确对待不同意见，使之发挥建设性、而非破坏性的作用。他还说， 在一个多元化社会里，我们必须注重人际关系，强调合作，多从他人视角考虑问题。如果某些群体自视高人一等，不尊重其他种族或宗教，那么整个社会有可能陷入瘫痪。我相信， 要是我们把上述想法付诸实践，那我们就有可能创造出一种新的文明。English version:Professor Henrys paper greatly inspired me. According to him, in a plural / pluralistic society, there will inevitably be different opinions. The key is to deal with them in such a way that they can play a constructive rather than destructive role. He argues that in a plural / pluralistic society we must stress/ attach importance to interpersonal relationships, cooperation, and looking at issues from the perspective of other people. If some groups regard themselves as superior and treat other ethnic groups or religions with disrespect, the whole society may be paralyzed. I am convinced that if we put into practice the ideas mentioned above, then there is the possibility of creating a new civilization. Translation 5 从前，我们以为技术发展会使我们的生活变得更安逸。那时我们觉得机器会替代我们工作，我们则有越来越多的时间休闲娱乐。但技术发展没有把我们解放出来，而是使我们成为奴隶。新技术纷至沓来，令人目不暇接。而每一项新发明问世，就进一步吞噬我们的光阴。比如，汽车曾使我们希望个人出行会方便得让人难以想象。可如今，城市车辆运行得比马车时代还要慢，我们因交通堵塞而困在车内，徒然浪费生命。在大多数情况下，技术发展并未节省时间，而是使我们得以做更多的事。English version:Once upon a time, technology, we thought, would make our lives easier. Machines were expected to do our work for us, leaving us with ever-increasing quantities of time to waste away on idleness and pleasure. But instead of liberating us, technology has enslaved us. Innovations are occurring at a bewildering rate. But as each invention arrives, it eats further into our time. The motorcar, for example, promised unimaginable levels of personal mobility. But now, traffic in cities move more slowly than it did in the days of the horse-drawn carriage, and we waste our lives stuck in traffic jams. In most cases, technology has not saved our time, but enabled us to do more things. Translation 6工业革命前，人们居住在交通联系不方便得小社区里。在本村范围内， 人们自然而然地期望了解该了解的一切，见到该见的一切，做该做的一切。如今，生性好奇的我们仍试图这么做。然而，地球村是一个有着无限可能的世界，我们永远无法实现自己的目标。我们需要的不是更多的时间：我们需要的是更少的欲望。我们需要关掉手机，让孩子们自己玩耍。我们需要少购物，少阅读，少出游。我们需要给自己设定界限，不然注定会越来越感到绝望。English version:Before the industrial revolution, people lived in small communities with limited communications. Within the confines of their village, they could reasonably expect to know everything that was to be known, see everything that was to be seen, and do everything that was to be done. Today, being curious by nature, we are still trying to do the same. But the global village is a world of limitless possibilities, and we can never achieve our aim. It is not more time we need: it is fewer desires. We need to switch off the cell-phone and leave the children to play by themselves. We need to buy less, read less and travel less. We need to set boundaries for ourselves, or be doomed to mounting despair. Translation 7无疑，我们现在处于持续的压力之下，要长时间工作，要创造更多，拥有更多，从而成为一名成功人士。于是乎，工作狂（workaholism）一种现代癖（addiction），就这样出现了。工作狂其根源是基于这样一种认识：通过长时间地工作、完成更多的项目，我们便能提高我们的自身价值。许多妇女今天感到同样的压力，要创造，要出人头地，而与此同时，又要养育子女，承担起各种家庭责任。研究表明，工作狂往往使我们与家人的关系疏远。它会迫使我们长时间地劳作，仅留微乎其微的时间与我们所爱的人聚在一起、交流感情。家庭成员间的亲密关系在此过程中注定要消亡。English version:There is no question that today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, to possess more, and to become a success. Workaholism, a modern addiction, has thus arisen. The cause of workaholism is the perception that by working longer hours and completing more projects, we will enhance our self-worth. Many women today feel the same stress to produce and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder a variety of domestic responsibilities. Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to labor longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process. Translation 8日本是世界上最节能的国家之一，但近年来企业和家庭的温室气体排放量不断增长，这一状况促使政府采取措施提高民众对全球变暖问题的关注。气候变化将为七月初在日本召开的八国峰会的主要议题。日本家庭的能耗量一直低于美国和欧洲，但近年来却急剧增长，1990年至2005年间就增长了44%。日本政府于本周二发布的一份报告称，国民缩短洗澡时间有助于减少日本不断增长的能源消耗量及温室气体的排放。English version:Japan is one of the worlds most energy-efficient countries, but greenhouse gas emissions from companies and households have been on the rise in recent years, prompting the government to raise public awareness for global warming. Climate change will be a major agenda on at the G8 summit Japan will be hosting in early July. Japanese households consume less energy than their US and European counterparts, but consumption has been sharply increasing -jumping 44 percent between 1990 and 2005. Speedier family baths could help Japanese cut their burgeoning energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a government report said on Tuesday.Translation 9中国结（Chinese Knot）是中国的一种传统装饰工艺。每个结都是由一根绳子编成。编好的中国结是对称的，并根据特殊的形状和意义加以命名。在汉语里，“结”与“吉”的发音很相似。人们把不同的结合其他幸运饰物巧妙的结合在一起，做成一个个独一无二的，象征美丽、希望和祝福的吉祥物。比如，“吉庆有余”、“福寿双全”、“双喜”、“万事如意”和“一路顺风”，这些都是中国传统的吉庆话语，表达人们最热情的问候，良好的祝愿和美好的愿望。今天，人们喜爱的是中国结独特的款式，多变的色彩和其中深刻的寓意。English version:Chinese Knot is a kind of traditional decorating craft in China. Every knot is made of a single rope. The finished product is symmetrical and named by its specific formation and symbolic meanings. In the Chinese language, the word for knot (jie) is pronounced almost as similar as the word for luck (ji). Combined with other lucky adornments skillfully, various knots put together form a unique ornament that symbolizes beauty, idea, best wishes and good luck. Knots entitled as Joyful, Happiness & Longevity, Double Happiness, Good Luck, and Bon Voyage are typical examples that carry traditional and good expectations. Today, people are fond of the Chinese Knot because of its unique forms, colorful complexity and profoundly symbolic meanings. Translation 10国家文物局和国家测绘局在经过两年的科学调查和测量后，18日正式宣布明长城的总长度为8851.8公里。这是我国首次精确测出长城的长度。明长城东起辽宁虎山，西至甘肃嘉峪关，在明朝期间进行了大规模的整修和重建。 English version:China Saturday announced the length of the Great Wall: 8851.8km. The State Administration of Cultural Heritage and the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping announced the result after 2 years survey and measurement, which is the first time in history. The current Great Wall stretches from Hushan, Liaoning, in the east to Jiayuguan, Gansu, in the west. It was renovated and rebuilt during the Ming Dynasty.Passage 1每年农历(lunar calendar)八月十五日，是中国传统的中秋佳节。在这天，每个家庭都团聚在一起，一家人共同观赏象征丰裕、和谐和幸运的圆月。大人们吃着美味的月饼，品着热腾腾的香茗，而孩子们则在一旁尽情玩耍。中秋节有悠久的历史，它最早可能是一个庆祝丰收的节日。中秋节的习俗很多，但都寄托着人们对生活无限的热爱和对美好生活的向往。Keys1. Mid-Autumn Day is a traditional Chinese festival, celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar. It is a time for family members to have a reunion and enjoy the full moon-an auspicious symbol of abundance, harmony and luck. Adults will usually indulge in delicious moon cakes with a good cup of hot Chinese tea, while the little ones run around and have lots of fun. The festival has a long history. It probably began as a harvest festival. There are various customs, all of which show peoples love and longing for a better life.Passage 2中国是一个疆域辽阔、人口众多的国家。其相对封闭的(enclosed)地理环境为中国文化相对独立的发展提供了自然条件。几条大河均匀分布(evenly distributed)，为农业的发展和交通提供了有利的自然条件，也促成了区域文化的发展。此外，中国的自然资源和自然条件也都比较适合农业经济的发展。农业文明给予中国文化的形成和发展以决定性的影响。2. China has a vast territory and a large population. The relatively enclosed geographical surroundings provide natural advantages for Chinese culture to develop independently. Several long rivers are distributed evenly, facilitating the agricultural development and transportation as well as the growth of regional cultures. Besides, the natural resources and surroundings are also fit for the development of agricultural economy. Agricultural civilization plays a decisive role in forming and promoting the Chinese culture.Passage 3据最近的网上调查显示，55%的青年认为自己对生活缺乏热情，71%的人认为他们承受着巨大的压力。可以说焦虑的情绪的确普遍存在于当今的中国年轻人中。焦虑是一种心理问题，它源自于对生活中的不确定因素的内在恐惧，或者说是一种不安全感。对于多数人来说，引起焦虑的主要原因是高昂的房价、教育支出和医疗费用。3. A recent online survey found that 55 per cent of young p