英国文学史复习大纲Time of English literature（精）.doc

Time of English literature1. The old English古英语(or Anglo-saxon盎格鲁撒克逊) period(449-1066)2. The middle English period（1066-1485）杰弗里乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer-坎特伯雷故事集-the father of English literature3. The English Renaissance文艺复兴时期文学(1485-1660)-the rebirth of learning/letters威廉莎士比亚William Shakespeare四大悲剧The four great tragedies哈姆雷特Hamlet/奥赛罗Othello/李尔王king lear麦克白Macbeth 四大喜剧The four comedies威尼斯商人The Merchant of venice/仲夏夜之梦A Midsummer Nights Dream/皆大欢喜As You Like It/第十二夜Twelfth night The beginning of the English Renaissance英国文艺复兴的开始(1485-1558) The Elizabethan Age伊丽莎白时代(二世）(1558-1603) The 17th Century(1603-1660)Two representatives of the puritan清教徒 writers:Milton&Bunyan约翰弥尔顿John Milton-失乐园Paradise Lost (Epic长篇叙事诗、史诗）-justify the ways of god to man英雄双韵体Heroic Couplet(1五音步抑扬格iambic pentameter 2押尾韵对偶句3韵尾为AA BB CC DD.不重复4风格简洁)约翰班扬John Bunyan-天路历程The Pilgrims ProgressWho use pen to defend the English commonwealth联邦约翰邓恩John Donne-跳蚤the flea-（the great metaphysical poet）玄学诗歌安德鲁马维尔Andrew Marvell-致羞涩的情人To his coy Mistress罗伯特赫里克Robert Herrick采摘含苞的玫瑰要起早-cavalier poets骑士诗歌约翰德莱顿 John Dryden-论戏剧诗An essay of Dramatic poesy-try to build unvirsal rules for the construction of drama4. The Restoration复辟 and the eighteenth century(or the neoclassical period新古典主义时期)(1660-1798) 丹尼尔笛福Daniel Defoe-鲁滨逊漂流记 Robinson Crusoe现实主义乔纳森斯威夫特Jonathan Swift-格列佛游记gullivers travelsThe Augustan Age奥古斯都的时代(1770-1745)The Neoclassical Decline新古典主义的衰落(1745-1798)5. The Age of Romanticism浪漫主义时期(1798-1832)Romanticismisamovementoftheeighteenthandnineteenthcentury,whichmarkedthereactioninliterature,philosophy,art,religion,andpoliticsfromtheneoclassicismandformalorthodoxy正统观念oftheprecedingperiod.Features of Romanticism1)TheSpontaneousOverflowofPowerfulFeelings2)TheCreationofaworldofImagination3)TheReturntoNatureforMaterial 4)SympathywiththeHumbleandGlorificationoftheCommonplace5)EmphasisUpontheExpressionofIndividualGenius 6)TheReturntoMiltonandElizabethansforLiteraryModels7)TheInterestinOldStoriesandMedievalRomances8)ASenseofMelancholyandLoneliness9) TheRebelliousSpirit 威廉布莱克William Blake-he is care about the slavery about their inner spirtual liberty than their political and social liberty.纯真之歌song of innocence/经验之歌song of experience/擦烟囱的少年the chimney sweeper /病玫瑰The Sick Rose/天堂和地狱的婚姻the marriage of heaven dand hellTwo Schools of Romanticistsa.The Passive Romanticists消极浪漫主义These were Romantic writers who reflected the thinking of classes ruined by the bourgeoisie, and by way of protest against capitalist development turned to the feudal past, i.e. the merry old England as their ideal, or frightened by the coming of industrialism. ( Cavalier Poets). They were represented bv William Words Worth. Coleridge, and Southey.b.The Active Romanticists积极浪漫主义They were people who expressed the aspirations of the classes created by capitalism and held out an ideal, though a vague one, oi a future society free from oppression and exploitation. These were vounaer and sometimes called active romanticistsrepresented bv Byron. Shelley, and Keats威廉华兹华斯William Wordsworth-诗乃自发溢出的强烈情感Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.抒情歌谣集Lyrical Ballads咏水仙I Wandered Lonely as a CloudI wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high oer vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.The waves beside them danced; but theyOut-did the sparkling waves in glee:A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:I gazed - and gazed - but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.珀西比希雪莱Percy Bysshe Shelley-西风颂Ode to the West Wind致云雀To a Skylark奥兹曼迪斯Ozymandias文学精神是政治和社会革命的诞生物Literary spirit as the accompaniment political and social revolution浪漫主义是文学的革命形式Romanticism is the literary form of the revolution约翰济慈John Keats-夜莺颂Ode to a Nightingale秋颂To Autumn简奥斯汀Jane Austen-outward(生活平静）-inward(故事跌宕起伏）理智与情感Sense and Sensibility傲慢与偏见Pride and Prejudice-Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagood fortunemustbeinwantofawife.凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的道理。爱玛Emma德歌德法雨果俄普希金美朗费罗浪漫主义6. The Victorian Age维多利亚时期(批判现实主义）(1832-1901)Charles Dickens(查尔斯狄更斯）Charlotte Bronte(夏洛特勃朗特）Emily Bronte(艾米莉勃朗特）Thomas Hardy(托马斯哈代）7. The Twentieth Century（现代主义）(1901_ )modernism is the main trend which involved a radical激进的 and deliberate全面的 break not only traditional forms pf art but with traditional aesthetic principles现代主义是20世纪文学的主流萧伯纳George Bernard Shaw弗吉尼亚伍尔芙Virginia Woolf-远航The Voyage Out墙上的斑点The Mark on the Wall达洛维夫人Mrs. Dalloway到灯塔去To the Lighthouse奥兰多Orlando: a Biography一间自己的房间A Room of Ones Own詹姆斯乔伊斯James Joyce都柏林人Dubliners一个青年艺术家的画像A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man尤利西斯Ulysses芬尼根守灵夜Finnegans Wake戴维赫伯特劳伦斯DHLawrence-恋父情节/伊利克特拉情结Ecectra complex恋母情结/俄狄浦斯情结Oedipus complex白孔雀The White Peacock儿子与情人Sons and Lovers虹The Rainbow恋爱中的女人Women in love查泰莱夫人的情人Lady Chatterleys LoverCharles Dickens(查尔斯狄更斯）Special features:1. character sketches人物刻画 and exaggeration“Typical characters under typical circumstances”2. Broad humor and penetrating satire广泛地幽默和精辟的讽刺“happy ending”3. Complicated and fascinating plot复杂和引人入胜的情节4. The power of exposureMain works:1838雾都孤儿Oliver Twist 1841老古玩店The Old Curiosity Shop1848董贝父子Dombey and Son1850大卫科波菲尔David Copperfield1853荒凉山庄Bleak House1854艰难时世Hard Times1857小杜丽Little Dorrit1859双城记A Tale of Two Cities1861远大前程Great Expectations雾都孤儿人物奥利弗崔斯特Oliver Twist故事主人公/费金Fagin小偷的主人/南希Nancy小偷 （比尔赛克斯的妻子，良心发现后由坏变好）情节plot以伦敦London 为背景，一个孤儿Orphan悲惨的身世及遭遇。Hero奥利弗在孤儿院长大，经历学徒Apprentice生涯，艰苦逃难，误入贼thief窝，又被迫与狠毒的凶徒为伍，最后在善良人的帮助下，查明身世story并获得了幸福。主题theme济贫法poor law允许穷人依赖接受公共援助，却要求他们进行必要的劳动。为了阻止穷人依赖公共援助，逼迫他们忍受难以想象的痛苦。济贫法没有提高穷人阶级的生活水平，却对最无助和无奈的下层阶级施以惩罚。The poor law did not improve the living standards of the poor, but punish the helpless lower class 感悟1. 仁爱思想goodness thought 对资产阶级bourgeoisie 存有一丝幻想2.种族歧视Racial discrimination 费金Fagin犹太人JewCharlotte Bronte(夏洛特勃朗特）1847简爱Jane Eyre1849谢利Shirley1853维莱特Villette1857教师The Professor简爱Jane EyreMrs.Reed auntMr. Rochester hero情节plotA frank and passionate love story between a governess and her master, a married man. The plot of the novel is constructed through five distinct stages of Jane Eyres development from a rebellious girl into an independent woman.主题themeBourgeois attitudes towards woman,to her place in the society, to her role in love, marriage and family are all challenged and put to criticism.感悟“Doyouthink,becauseIampoor,obscure,plain,andlittle,Iamsoullessandheartless?Youthinkwrong!ustasifbothhadpassedthroughthegrave,andwestoodatGodsfeet,equal,asweare!”Thisdialogue,shockingandpowerful,presentsthesublimeandloftinessofindependentpersonality.JaneEyrecallsforwomensindependentself-esteem. nomatterhowsufferingandunpleasantthelifeis,wecannotforgetthefullnessofoursoulandtheprofusionofourinwardworld.Onlyinthiswaycanwereallygainloveoffreedomandbelief. Emily Bronte(艾米莉勃朗特）1847呼啸山庄Wuthering Heights希斯克利夫Heathcliff-orphan凯瑟琳恩肖Catherine Earnshaw埃德加林顿Edgar Linton凯茜Cathy Linton伊莎贝拉林顿Isabella Linton林顿希斯克利夫Linton Heathcliff亨德利恩肖Hindley Earnshaw哈里顿恩肖Hareton EarnshawThe story of love in this novel is mordid but it mounts a powerful attact on the marriage system where social status weighs and innocent love is prohibited by class prejudice,主题themeNature and culture,outsider and insider,personal love and social prejudice,affection and revenge.Their love is able to cross the boundary of life and death, but is unable to overcome the gap between classes.托马斯哈代Thomas HardyThe main features of Hardys works1. mankind is subjected to the rule of some hostile and mysterious fate, which brings misfortune to human life.2. attack on the hypocritical morality of the bourgeois society and the capitalist invasion into the country and destruction of English peaantry towards the end of the country.批判资本主义虚伪的道德，和其对农村的入侵，使农民阶级分崩离析，进入穷途末路。3. Man was a part of nature, a guardian of nature and should always remain true to their closeness with nature.(naturelism自然主义）4. His novels have for their setting the agricultural region of the southern countries of England.5. In his writings, strong elements of naturalism as well as a tendency towards symbolism appeared.1. 性格与环境小说novels of characters and environment (威塞克斯wessex novels)1872绿林荫下Under the Greenwood Tree1874远离尘嚣Far from the Madding Crowd1878还乡The Return of the Native1886卡斯特桥市长The Mayor of Casterbridge1891德伯家的苔丝Tess of the DUrbervilles1896无名的裘德Jude the obscure2. 浪漫与幻想小说novels of romances and fantasies1873一双蓝眼睛A Pair of Blue Eyes1880号兵长The trumpet-major1882塔里的两个人Two on a Tower 1897 心爱的人The Well-Beloved3. 爱情与阴谋小说love and scheme fiction机巧与实验小说novels of ingenuity1876埃塞尔伯塔的婚姻The Hand of Ethelberta1881 冷漠的人A Laodicean1871铤而走险Desperate Remedies德伯家的苔丝Tess of the DUrbervillesTess dUrbervilles (a peasant girl of the decayed aristocratic stock)Alec dUrbervilles(a seducer,Angle Clare(a son of parson,considered T as a pure and chaste woman情节plot1) Tesss family drives her to seek help from the dUrbervilles, where she is seduced and dishonore