关 键 词：

x62w 铣床 主轴 机械 加工 工艺 键槽 夹具 设计

资源描述：

 

内容简介：

20*届毕业设计（论文）材 料院(系)、部： 学生姓名： 指导教师： 职称 专 业： 班 级： 学 号： 20*年 5 月20*届毕业设计（论文）课题任务书院(系)： 专业： 指导教师 学生姓名 课题名称 X62W 铣床主轴机械加工工艺规程与铣键槽专用夹具设计内容及任务一、设计（论文）依据及主要技术指标1.铣床主轴零件及相关的装配图2.生产纲领：中批生产（年产量为 1000 件）3.工作制：单班制工作 二、设计内容1 零件图： 1 张2 毛坯图： 1 张3 机械加工工艺卡（含过程卡与工序卡）：1 套4 专用夹具：副；(含专用夹具装配图、夹具体零件图及相关的非标准零件图) 5 设计计算说明书：份三、设计中应注意的问题：、各种能力的培养设计中应结合课题，独立思考，努力钻研，不得照搬照抄，盲目设计，应注重分析问题和解决问题能力的培养，灵活综合运用所学知识。、良好的工作作风的形成设计工作是一项细致、复杂、涉及面很广的工作，既需要广博的知识，更需要严肃、认真、一丝不苟的设计作风。3、学会查阅各种资料包括上 Internet 网查找相关的设计资料，获得的最新信息与权威资料。拟达到的要求或技术指标、材料牌号，形位公差，粗糙度，图纸的标题栏及明细表都宜采用新图标；、零件机加工工艺路线应设计多方案（至少个） ，比较后选最佳方案；、应保证重要表面的加工质量与精度；、机床设备等选用，应考虑其经济性，宜采用通用机床和专用工具夹；、设计应以独立完成为主，图纸表达要正确清晰，计算正确，能借助各种工具书和技术资料获得所需的正确数据；、同一课题组的专用夹具不得一样；7、说明书应内容完整，字迹工整，语言简练，文字通顺。说明书中应重点包括设计方案的分析与论证，考虑问题的出发点和最后选择的依据，必要的计算过程，其他说明等。起止日期 工作内容 备注进度安排2.253.153.163.223.235.165.135.23毕业设计调研集中实习毕业设计答辩时间3 周1 周8 周10 天主要参考资料 徐嘉元，曾家驹.机械制造工艺学M.机械工业出版社1997.8 联合编写组.机械设计手册 M.化学工业出版社1987.12 赵家齐.机械制造工艺学课程设计指导书M.机工版 1987.10 哈尔滨工业大学李益民主编.机械制造工艺设计简明手册M机工版.2005.7 王启平主编.机床夹具设计M.哈工大出版社 1985.12 东北重型机械学院.机床夹具设计手册M.上海科学技术出版社1980.1 孟少安.机械加工工艺手册M.机械工业出版社1991.9 刘文举.汽车传动与行使部分检修问答M.人民邮电出版社 1997.5 唐艺等.汽车构造与修理图解M.机械工业出版社1992.410 侯家驹.汽车制造工艺学M.机械工业出版社1991.811 徐灏.机械设计手册M.机械工业出版社1991.912 周昌治，杨忠鉴，赵之渊.机械制造工艺学M.重庆大学出版社 1994.1013 肖继德，陈宁平.机床夹具设计M.机械工业出版社 2005.314 孙丽媛.机械制造工艺及用夹具设计指导M.冶金工业出版社 2002.515 杨叔子.机械加工工艺师手册M.机械工业出版社 2002.115 朱龙根.机械零件设计手册M.机械工业出版社 2005.816 四川大学研究所.机床夹具设计图册M.机械工业出版社 2003.1017章跃.机械制造专业英语M.机械工业出版社 2002.4教研室意见 年 月 日院 (系) 主管领导意见年 月 日20*届毕业设计说明书题目:X62W 铣床主轴机械加工工艺规程与铣键槽专用夹具设计院(系 )、部： 学生姓名： 指导教师： 职称 专 业： 班 级： 完成时间： 摘 要在机械制造工业中，由于被加工零件形状和表面以及精度要求不同而发展、产生了种类繁多的金属切削机床。在生产实际中大量使用铣床、磨床、钻床、镗床以及直线运动机床等。毕业设计是学生学完相应课程及先行课程之后进行的实习性教学环节，是大学生的必修环节，其目的在于通过机床运动的结构设计，使学生在设计构思，方案分析，结构工艺性，机械制图，零件计算，编写技术文件和查阅技术资料等方面得到综合训练，树立正确的设计思想，掌握基本的设计方法，培养学生具有初步的结构分析，结构设计和计算能力。本次设计是对铣床主轴机械加工工艺规程与铣键槽专用夹具进行全面设计，使其满足实际生产工作的需要。关键字：铣床； 工艺； 专用夹具； 主轴； 设计 ABSTRACTIn machine manufacture industry,because is processed the components shape and surface as well as the procision request different develops、has produced the type many metal cutting engine bed.Is producing actual massive uses the milling machine,the grinder,the drilling machine,the boring lathe as well as the translation engine bed and so on.The graduation design is the practise teaching link which carries on afterwards in the student study corresponding curriculum and the advance curriculum,is university students compulsory.Its goal lies in through the engine bed movement structural design ,causes the students in to draw up the transmission and in the speed change structure plan process,obtains the design idea,the plan analysis,the structure technology capability,the mechanical drawing,the comonents computation,the compilation technology document and aspect and so on consult technical data integrated trainings,set up the correct design concept,grasps the basic design method,and trains the students to have the preliminary structure analysis,the structural design and computation ability.The design is a special fixture for milling spindle machining process planning milling keyway design to meet the needs of the actual production work.Key words: milling machine ; Technology; Special fixture; spindle; design 目 录摘 要 .0ABSTRACT.1前 言 .21. 生产纲领及生产类型 .22. 零 件 的 分 析 .32.1 零件的作用 .32.2 零件的工艺分析 .33 确定毛坯的制造形式 .44 基准的选择 .44.1 粗基准的选择 .44.2 精基准的选择 .45 制定工艺方案 .55.1 工艺路线的制定 .55.2 工艺方案的比较与分析 .76 机械加工余量，工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定 .76.1 毛坯直径的确定 .76.2 毛坯长度 L 的确定： .86.3 毛坯过渡圆角的确定 .86.4 加工余量的确定 .87 确定切削用量及基本工时 .107.1 工序二：车端面，钻中心孔 .107.1.1 粗车 88.88 端面 .107.1.2 车 40 端面： .127.2 工序三：粗车各外圆 .137.2.1 粗车 88.88 外圆 .137.2.2 粗车 65 外圆 .167.2.3 粗车 55 外圆 .167.2.4 粗车 45 外圆 .177.2.5 粗车 42 外圆 .177.2.6 粗车 40 外圆 .187.3 工序四：半精车各外圆 .197.3.1 半精车 88.88 外圆 .197.3.2 半精车 65 外圆 .217.3.3 半精车 55 .227.3.4 半精车 45 .227.3.5 半精车 42 .237.3.6 半精车 40 .237.4 工序五：钻 25.3 孔 .247.5 工序六：钻 22、钻扩通孔 17 .257.5.1 钻孔 22mm .257.5.2 钻 17mm .267.5.3 扩孔 17mm .267.6 工序七： 车 22、25.3 孔及其倒角 .277.7 工序八： 车 22 孔 .287.8 工序九：车锥孔 .297.9 工序十：粗精铣前端键槽 .307.9.1 粗铣 .307.9.2 精铣：由于精铣时和粗铣时是同一刀具，故切削用量及工时均与粗铣相同。 .317.10 工序十一：钻 4-M12，2-M6 螺纹底孔 .317.10.1.钻 4-M12 螺纹底孔： .327.10.2.钻 2-M6 螺纹底孔： .327.11 工序十二：攻 4-M12，2-M6 螺纹 .337.11.1 攻 4-M12： .337.11.2.攻 4-M6： .347.12 工序十三：精车各外圆、切槽，并倒角 .357.12.1 精车 88.88 .357.12.2 精车 65 .367.12.3 精车 55 .377.12.4 精车 45 .387.12.5 精车 42 .387.12.6 精车 40 .397.12.7 切槽 31.5： .397.13 工序十五：粗精铣对称键槽 .407.13.1 粗铣： .407.13.2 精铣 .417.14 工序十六：粗磨锥孔 .417.15 工序十七：车螺纹 .437.16 工序十八：粗精磨外圆 65，40 .447.16.1.粗磨外圆 65： .447.16.2.粗磨外圆 40： .457.16.3.精磨： .457.17 工序十九：粗精磨端面 .477.17.1 粗磨： .477.17.2.精磨端面 .487.18 工序二十：精磨 22 .497.19 工序二十一：精磨锥孔 .508 工艺规程总结 .519 夹具设计 .519.1 问题提出 .519.2 夹具体设计 .519.2.1 定位基准的选择 .519.2.2 夹紧力 .529.2.3 夹具体与定位键 .539.2.4 定位误差分析 .539.2.4 夹具设计及操作的简要说明 .54参考文献 .55致 谢 .56附 录 .57英文资料High-speed millingHigh-speed machining is an advanced manufacturing technology, different from the traditional processing methods. The spindle speed, cutting feed rate, cutting a small amount of units within the time of removal of material has increased three to six times. With high efficiency, high precision and high quality surface as the basic characteristics of the automobile industry, aerospace, mold manufacturing and instrumentation industry, such as access to a wide range of applications, has made significant economic benefits, is the contemporary importance of advanced manufacturing technology. For a long time, people die on the processing has been using a grinding or milling EDM (EDM) processing, grinding, polishing methods. Although the high hardness of the EDM machine parts, but the lower the productivity of its application is limited. With the development of high-speed processing technology, used to replace high-speed cutting, grinding and polishing process to die processing has become possible. To shorten the processing cycle, processing and reliable quality assurance, lower processing costs.1 One of the advantages of high-speed machiningHigh-speed machining as a die-efficient manufacturing, high-quality, low power consumption in an advanced manufacturing technology. In conventional machining in a series of problems has plagued by high-speed machining of the application have been resolved.1.1 Increase productivity High-speed cutting of the spindle speed, feed rate compared withtraditional machining, in the nature of the leap, the metal removal rate increased 30 percent to 40 percent, cutting force reduced by 30 percent, the cutting tool life increased by 70% . Hardened parts can be processed, a fixture in many parts to be completed rough, semi-finishing and fine, and all other processes, the complex can reach parts of the surface quality requirements, thus increasing the processing productivity and competitiveness of products in the market.1.2 Improve processing accuracy and surface quality High-speed machines generally have high rigidity and precision, and other characteristics, processing, cutting the depth of small, fast and feed, cutting force low, the workpiece to reduce heat distortion, and high precision machining, surface roughness small. Milling will be no high-speed processing and milling marks the surface so that the parts greatly enhance the quality of the surface. Processing Aluminum when up Ra0.40.6um, pieces of steel processing at up to Ra0.2 0.4um.1.3 Cutting reduce the heat Because the main axis milling machine high-speed rotation, cutting a shallow cutting, and feed very quickly, and the blade length of the workpiece contacts and contact time is very short, a decrease of blades and parts of the heat conduction. High-speed cutting by dry milling or oil cooked up absolute (mist) lubrication system, to avoid the traditional processing tool in contact with the workpiece and a lot of shortcomings to ensure that the tool is not high temperature under the conditions of work, extended tool life.1.4 This is conducive to processing thin-walled partsHigh-speed cutting of small cutting force, a higher degree of stability, Machinable with high-quality employees compared to the company may be very good, but other than the companys employees may Suanbu Le outstanding work performance. For our China practice, we use the models to determine the method of staff training needs are simple and effective. This study models can be an external object, it can also be a combination of internal and external. We must first clear strategy for the development of enterprises. Through the internal and external business environment and organizational resources, such as analysis, the future development of a clear business goals and operational priorities. According to the business development strategy can be compared to find the business models, through a comparative analysis of the finalization of business models. In determining business models, a, is the understanding of its development strategy, or its market share and market growth rate, or the staff of the situation, and so on, according to the companies to determine the actual situation. As enterprises in different period of development, its focus is different, which means that enterprises need to invest the manpower and financial resources the focus is different. So in a certain period of time, enterprises should accurately selected their business models compared with the departments and posts, so more practical significance, because the business models are not always good, but to compare some aspects did not have much practical significance, Furthermore This can more fully concentrate on the business use of limited resources. Identify business models, and then take the enterprise of the corresponding departments and staff with the business models for comparison, the two can be found in the performance gap, a comparative analysis to find reasons, in accordance with this business reality, the final identification of training needs. The cost of training is needed, if not through an effective way to determine whether companies need to train and the training of the way, but blind to training, such training is difficult to achieve the desired results. A comparison only difference between this model is simple and practical training.1.5 Can be part of some alternative technology, such as EDM, grinding high intensity and high hardness processingHigh-speed cutting a major feature of high-speed cutting machine has the hardness of HRC60 parts. With the use of coated carbide cutter mold processing, directly to the installation of a hardened tool steel processing forming, effectively avoid the installation of several parts of the fixture error and improve the parts of the geometric location accuracy. In the mold of traditional processing, heat treatment hardening of the workpiece required EDM, high-speed machining replace the traditional method of cutting the processing, manufacturing process possible to omit die in EDM, simplifying the processing technology and investment costs . High-speed milling in the precincts of CNC machine tools, or for processing centre, also in the installation of high-speed spindle on the general machine tools. The latter not only has the processing capacity of general machine tools, but also for high-speed milling, a decrease of investment in equipment, machine tools increased flexibility. Cutting high-speed processing can improve the efficiency, quality improvement, streamline processes, investment and machine tool investment and maintenance costs rise, but comprehensive, can significantly increase economic efficiency.2 High-speed milling High-speed milling the main technical high-speed cutting technology is cutting the development direction of one of it with CNC technology, microelectronic technology, new materials and new technology, such as technology development to a higher level. High-speed machine tools and high-speed tool to achieve high-speed cutting is the prerequisite and basic conditions, in high-speed machining in the performance of high-speed machine tool material of choice and there are strict requirements. 2.1 High-speed milling machine in order to achieve high-speed machiningGeneral use of highly flexible high-speed CNC machine tools, machining centers, and some use a dedicated high-speed milling, drilling. At the same time a high-speed machine tool spindle system and high-speed feeding system, high stiffness of the main characteristics of high-precision targeting and high-precision interpolation functions, especially high-precision arc interpolation function. High-speed machining systems of the machine a higher demand, mainly in the following areas:General use of highly flexible high-speed CNC machine tools, machining centers, and some use a dedicated high-speed milling, drilling. At the same time a high-speed machine tool spindle system and high-speed feeding system, high stiffness of the main characteristics of high-precision targeting and high-precision interpolation functions, especially high-precision arc interpolation function. High-speed machining systems of the machine a higher demand, mainly in the following areas: High-speed milling machine must have a high-speed spindle, the spindle speed is generally 10000 100000 m / min, power greater than 15 kW. But also with rapid speed or in designated spots fast-stopping performance. The main axial space not more than 0 .0 0 0 2 m m. Often using high-speed spindle-hydrostatic bearings, air pressure-bearing, mixed ceramic bearings, magnetic bearing structure of the form. Spindle cooling general use within the water or air cooled. High-speed processing machine-driven system should be able to provide 40 60 m / min of the feed rate, with good acceleration characteristics, can provide 0.4 m/s2 to 10 m/s2 acceleration and deceleration. In order to obtain good processing quality, high-speed cutting machines must have a high enough stiffness. Machine bed material used gray iron, can also add a high-damping base of concrete, to prevent cutting tool chatter affect the quality of processing. A high-speed data transfer rate, can automatically increase slowdown. Processing technology to improve the processing and cutting tool life. At present high-speed machine tool manufacturers, usually in the general machine tools on low speed, the feed of the rough and then proceed to heat treatment, the last in the high-speed machine on the half-finished and finished, in improving the accuracy and efficiency at the same time, as far as possible to reduce processing Cost.2.2 High-speed machining tool High-speed machining tool is the most active one of the important factors, it has a direct impact on the efficiency of processing, manufacturing costs and product processing and accuracy. Tool in high-speed processing to bear high temperature, high pressure, friction, shock and vibration, such as loading, its hardness and wear-resistance, strength and toughness, heat resistance, technology and economic performance of the basic high-speed processing performance is the key One of the factors. High-speed cutting tool technology development speed, the more applications such as diamond (PCD), cubic boron nitride (CBN), ceramic knives, carbide coating, (C) titanium nitride Carbide TIC (N) And so on. CBN has high hardness, abrasion resistance and the extremely good thermal conductivity, and iron group elements between the great inertia, in 1300 would not have happened significant role in the chemical, also has a good stability. The experiments show that with CBN cutting toolHRC35 67 hardness of hardened steel can achieve very high speed. Ceramics have good wear resistance and thermal chemical stability, its hardness, toughness below the CBN, can be used for processing hardness of HRC 5 0 parts. Carbide Tool good wear resistance, but the hardness than the low-CBN and ceramics. Coating technology used knives, cutting tools can improve hardness and cutting the rate, for cutting HRC40 50 in hardness between the workpiece. Can be used to heat-resistant alloys, titanium alloys, hightemperature alloy, cast iron, Chungang, aluminum and composite materials of high-speed cutting Cut, the most widely used. Precision machining non-ferrous metals or non-metallic materials, or the choice of polycrystalline diamond Gang-coated tool.2.3 High-speed processing technology High-speed cutting technology for high-speed machining is the key. Cutting Methods misconduct, will increase wear tool to less than high-speed processing purposes. Only high-speed machine tool and not a good guide technology, high-speed machining equipment can not fully play its role. In high-speed machining, should be chosen with milling, when the milling cutter involvement with the workpiece chip thickness as the greatest, and then gradually decreased. High-speed machining suitable for shallow depth of cut, cutting depth of not more than 0.2 mm, to avoid the location of deviation tool to ensure that the geometric precision machining parts. Ensure that the workpiece on the cutting constant load, to get good processing quality. Cutting a single high-speed milling path-cutting mode, try not to interrupt the process and cutting tool path, reducing the involvement tool to cut the number to be relatively stable cutting process. Tool to reduce the rapid change to, in other words when the NC machine tools must cease immediately, or Jiangsu, and then implement the next step. As the machine tool acceleration restrictions, easy to cause a waste of time, and exigency stop or radical move would damage the surface accuracy. In the mold of high-speed finishing, in each Cut, cut to the workpiece, the feed should try to change the direction of a curve or arc adapter, avoid a straight line adapter to maintain the smooth process of cutting.3 Die in high-speed milling processing of Milling as a highly efficient high-speed cutting of the new method,in Mould Manufacturing has been widely used. Forging links in the regular production model, with EDM cavity to be 12 15 h, electrodes produced 2 h. Milling after the switch to high-speed, high-speed milling cutter on the hardness of HRC 6 0 hardened tool steel processing. The forging die processing only 3 h20min, improve work efficiency four to five times the processing surface roughness of Ra0.5 0.6m, fully in line with quality requirements.High-speed cutting technology is cutting technology one of the major developments, mainly used in automobile industry and die industry, particularly in the processing complex surface, the workpiece itself or knives rigid requirements of the higher processing areas, is a range of advanced processing technology The integration, high efficiency and high quality for the people respected. It not only involves high-speed processing technology, but also including high-speed processing machine tools, numerical control system, high-speed cutting tools and CAD / CAM technology. Die-processing technology has been developed in the mold of the manufacturing sector in general, and in my application and the application of the standards have yet to be improved, because of its traditional processing with unparalleled advantages, the future will continue to be an inevitable development of processing technology Direction.4 Numerical control technology and equipping development trend and countermeasureEquip the engineering level, level of determining the whole national economy of the modernized degree and modernized degree of industry, numerical control technology is it develop new developing new high-tech industry and most advanced industry to equip (such as information technology and his industry, biotechnology and his industry, aviation, spaceflight, etc. national defense industry) last technology and getting more basic most equipment. Marx has ever said the differences of different economic times, do not lie in what is produced, and lie in how to produce, produce with some means of labor . Manufacturing technology and equipping the most basic means of production that are that the mankind produced the activity, and numerical control technology is nowadays advanced manufacturing technology and equips the most central technology. Nowadays the manufacturing industry all around the world adopts numerical control technology extensively, in order to improve manufacturing capacity and level, improve the adaptive capacity and competitive power to the changeable market of the trends. In addition every industrially developed country in the world also classifies the technology and numerical control equipment of numerical control as the strategic materials of the country, not merely take the great measure to develop ones own numerical control technology and industry, and implement blockading and restrictive policy to our country in view of high-grade, precision and advanced key technology of numerical control and equipping. In a word, develop the advanced manufacturing technology taking numerical control technology as the core and already become every world developed country and accelerate economic development in a more cost-effective manner, important way to improve the overall national strength and national position. Numerical control technology is the technology controlled to mechanical movement and working course with digital information, integrated products of electromechanics that the numerical control equipment is the new technology represented by numerical control technology forms to the manufacture industry of the tradition and infiltration of the new developing manufacturing industry, namely the so-called digitization is equipped, its technological range covers a lot of fields: (1)Mechanical manufacturing technology; (2)Information processing, processing, transmission technology; (3)Automatic control technology; (4)Servo drive technology; (5)Technology of the sensor; (6)Software engineering ,etc. Development trend of a numerical control technologyThe application of numerical control technology has not only brought the revolutionary change to manufacturing industry of the tradition, make the manufacturing industry become the industrialized symbol , and with the constant development of numerical control technology and enlargement of the application, the development of some important trades (IT , automobile , light industry , medica