Unit2Workingtheland(1).doc

Unit 2 Working the land一重点词组1. build up 逐渐增强; 建立; 开发 2. lead to 导致; 造成 (后果) 3. focus on 集中 (注意力, 精力等) 于 4. keep free from/of 使免受(影响等)；5. chemical fertilizers 化肥 6. cause/do damage to 对造成损害 7. wash off 洗掉某物 8. in addition (to) 另外(还有) 9. focus on 集中(注意力、精力)于 10. every few years 每隔几年 11. avoid doing 避免做 12. work the land 耕种土地13. thanks to 幸亏; 由于; 因为 14. be satisfied with 对感到满意15. care about 关心, 在乎 16. would rather 宁愿; 宁可17. with the hope of 怀有的希望 18. make a difference 有关系, 有影响19. turn to 转向; 求助于 20. rich in 盛产; 富含核心单词1. struggle v.挣扎；努力；拼搏；斗争 n. (为争取自由、政治权利等而进行的)斗争，奋斗常用结构：struggle with与斗争struggle for 为争取而斗争struggle against与斗争；为反对而斗争struggle to do sth. (=make great efforts to do sth.)努力做某事struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来She struggled to keep back the tears. 她努力忍住泪水。It was a hard struggle to get my work done on time. 为使工作按时完成, 我做了一番努力。易混辨析struggle/fightstruggle指较长时间的、激烈的斗争，往往指肉体及精神上的战斗。fight意为“搏斗，打斗，打架”，表示“斗争”时，包含体力和勇猛的因素。2. expand v.扩大；扩展；增加；增长；（使）膨胀；阐述；使变大常用结构：o.将扩展/发展成expand on/upon 阐述；详谈He is thinking of expanding his business. 他在正考虑扩大他的生意。In ten years the citys population expanded by 12%.十年之中,该市人口增加了百分之十二。联想拓展expansion n. 展开；膨胀；扩展expansive adj. 广阔的；易膨胀的易混辨析expand/extend/spread/stretchexpand 意为“展开，扩大”，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。extend 意为“伸出，延伸”，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度，宽度的向外延伸，也可指时间的延长。spread 意为“传播；蔓延；铺开”。一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播（疾病），散布（信息）等。stretch 意为“伸展(身体等)，拉长；连绵”，一般指由曲变直，由短变长的伸展，不是加长。 3. equip vt. & vi. 配备；装备常用结构：equip sb./sth. with 用武装某人；用装备某物 equip sb./sth. for 为而武装某人；为而装备某物 a piece of office equipment 一件办公设备They equipped themselves for the expedition. 他们为远征准备装备。A good education should equip you for life. 良好的教育能使你受用终生。4. regret vt.& vi. 后悔；遗憾 n. 遗憾；懊悔常用结构：regret doing= regret having done=regret to have done 后悔做了某事regret to do遗憾将要做某事regret to say/tell/inform。 遗憾地说/告诉/通知much to ones regret 深感遗憾with regret 遗憾地Tom regretted telling his parents the thing. 汤姆后悔告诉了父母那件事。I regretted to tell you you hadnt passed the driving test. 我很遗憾地告诉你你没有通过驾驶考试。He told me with regret that he couldnt come to the party. 他很抱歉地对我说他不能参加这个聚会了。He gave up teaching in 1998, much to his students regret.他于1998年放弃了教学，这使他的学生很遗憾。5. reduce vt.减少；缩小；降低；使陷入某种更糟的状态He is trying to reduce expenses. 他正试图减少开支。We must gradually reduce the wage gap. 我们必须逐步缩小工资差距。常用结构：reduce sth. to. 减少到reduce sth. by. 减少了be reduced to 沦落为The shopkeeper reduced the price by 10. 店主把价格降了10美元。The poor boy is reduced to begging. 那个可怜的孩子已沦为乞丐。 6. comment vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 n.C&U 评论；议论常用结构：comment on/about sth./sb. 对某事/某人进行评论make comments/no comment on sth./sb. 对某事/某人进行评论/不进行评论The scandal caused a lot of comment. 这件丑闻遭到很多议论。“Will you resign, Minister?” “No comment!” “部长，您是要辞职吗?”“无可奉告。”重点短语7. thanks to 由于；多亏（有时用作反语）;因为Thanks to your help, we were successful. 由于你的帮助，我们成功了。Thanks to you, I was saved from drowning. 多亏你，我才没被淹死。Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled. 多亏了这倒霉的天气，比赛被取消了。（反语）联想拓展表示“因为，由于”的短语还有：because of，owing to，on account of，due to，as a result of。温馨提示以上这些都是介词短语，因此后面可以跟名词或动名词而不可以跟从句。8. rid .of 摆脱；除去You should rid yourself of that bad habit. 你应该改掉那个坏习惯。联想拓展be rid of 摆脱get rid of 摆脱；除掉；去掉rid oneself of debt 还清债务break away from 摆脱；放弃You must break away from such a bad habit. 你必须改掉这样的坏习惯。It wont be long before we can be/get rid of the pest altogether.不用太久，我们就能把这种害虫消除干净。9. would rather 宁愿，宁可Id rather you didnt. (常用来委婉拒绝别人)我希望你不要。He would rather stay at home watching TV. 他宁愿待在家里看电视。Id rather not go there. 我宁愿不去那里。Id rather you came tomorrow than today. 我宁愿你明天来而不是今天来。Id rather have made a telephone call to him yesterday. 我昨天本想给他打个电话的。联想拓展would rather.than.是常用句式，意为“宁可（愿）（而）不要（愿）”would rather从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，即用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事; 用过去完成时表示已经做过的事或过去要做的事。would rather have done 本想做（而实际上未做） Id rather not have watched the basketball match last night. Otherwise, I would have finished my paperwork by now. 10. lead to 通向；导致；造成（后果）注意：lead to中的to为介词，该短语后可跟名词或动名词。The car accident led to his being killed. 那次车祸导致他死亡。All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。His carelessness led to his failure. 他的粗心导致了他的失败。联想拓展result in 导致result from 由导致 11. build up 逐步建立；逐渐增强；加强；树立；积累The company has built up a fine reputation. 该公司已建立起良好的信誉。You must build up your strength after your illness. 你在病后必须要增强体力。12. focus on 集中（注意力、精力等）于He focused his mind on his lessons. 他把心思集中在功课上。 Today were going to focus on the question of homeless people. 今天, 我们主要讨论无家可归者的问题。 A near sighted person cannot focus accurately on distant objects. 近视的人看不清远处的物体。联想拓展focus ones attention on sth.= center/concentrate/fix ones attention on sth. 集中注意力于重点句型13. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice thathas a high output. 1974年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。 不定式放在表示次序的词the first, the last, the best以及the only, the very, the right等词后面, 且这些词与动词不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系，结构为：the first/last/best/only/very/right .+n. + to do sth.表示“第一个/最后一个/最好的一个/唯一的/恰好的/合适的做某事的人/物”。He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来并且最后一个离开。The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain. 最后一个离开正在下沉的船的那个人是船长。14. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。倍数表达法：Abe倍数asadj. /adv.asBAbe倍数adj. /adv.比较级thanBAbe倍数the+ n.ofBIm not going out with a man whos twice as old as me. 我不愿意和一个年纪比我大一倍的男人一起参加社交活动。We got three times as many people as expected. 来的人超过我们预料人数的两倍。Youre not half as clever as you think you are. 你可不像自己想像的一半那么聪明。15. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops fr