marrakech课文内容解析.ppt

6 Howisthetexttobedivided 1 Para 1 3 theburialofthepoorinhabitants2 Para 4 7 anArabNavvybeggingforbread3 Para 8 15 themiserablelivesoftheJews4 Para 16 18 cultivationofthepoorsoil5 Para19 21 theoldwomencarryingfirewood6 Para22 26 degradation humblenessofthenativepeople Deatialedstudyofthetext Paragraph1 Whatdoyouthinkoftheauthor schoiceofthesceneandthewordsinPara 1 Whatcanwelearn Theauthor schoiceofadramaticsceneandthesimplewordsimpliesmuchmorethanwhatappearsonthesurface Wecanseepovertyoftheplaceandunsanitaryconditionofthecity1 dirty2 poor Paragraph1 inacloud alargenumberofsmallthingsmovingthroughtheairasamass 一团e g acloudoflocusts insects那些汽车在滚滚尘埃中启动了 Thecarssetoffinacloudofdust Paragraph2 WhatcanwelearnbyreadingPara 2 HowdeadpeopleareburiedinMarrakech Avividpictureofthepovertyoftheplace Howdoestheauthorpresentthepicture Throughafewstrokesofhismaster pen mournerswailingachant corpseswrappedinapieceofrag carriedonaroughwoodenbier friendshackingashallowhole dumpingthebodyinit flingingsomedried upearthoverit nogravestone Thefactshowsthehumanlifehasnovalueatall Paragraph2 HowdoyouthinkoftheuseofsomewordsinPara 2 Theuseofwordslike theflies apieceofrag roughwoodenbier repeatsforcefullythethemeofPara 1 Theuseofwordslike hack dump fling nogravestone noname noidentifyingmark indicatestheunceremoniouswayinwhichafuneraliscarriedout InapoorcountrylikeMorocco lifeischeap Para 2 Theburying groundismerelyahugewasteofhummockyearth likeaderelictbuilding lot Theburying groundisnothingmorethanahugepieceofwastelandfullofmoundsofearthlookinglikeadesertedandabandonedpieceoflandonwhichabuildingwasgoingtobeputup Crowd Itsuggests1 thelackoforder2 peoplearenotterriblyconcernedaboutthefuneral allmenandboys nowomen AccordingtoMuslimlaw Muslimsmustrespectwomen andforthisreasongirlsandwomenusedtobekeptinthehouse wheretheycouldbesafe Whentheywentout theyworetheveilstocovertheirfaces Butthislawhasbecomeakindofexcusetodiscriminateagainstwomen Paragraph3 WhatisthethemeofPara 3 Heexposestheevilsofimperialism Allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthisfact Alltheimperialistsbuilduptheirempiresbytreatingthepeopleinthecolonieslikeanimals bynottreatingthepeopleinthecoloniesashumanbeings Itisthecolonialempiresthatmakethepeoplesopoor Empiresarebuiltupbytreatingthepeopleinthecolonieslikeanimals Thisthesisisgoingtobesupportedbymoreillustrationsandexamples Howdoestheauthorachievehispurpose Inacoolobjectivemannerinsteadofapreachy 说教的 andpropagandisticstyle Neverthelessthereadercanseehisoutrageatthemiseryandsuffering Paragraph3 Howcanyouseehiscoolmanneranduncontrollableoutrage Wecanseetheformerfromthestatementshemakesandthelatterfromastringofrhetoricalquestionsandbothfromhisuseofwords theragstheystandupin theragswhichtheyarewearingastheystandthere Undifferentiated Youcan tdifferentiateonebrownstufffromanother becausetheylookjustthesame Iftheydohaveindividuality itisirrecognizable justlikeinsects likebees Theyriseout ofthegraveyardTheyareborn Thenforafewyearstheywork toilandstarve Finallytheydieandareburiedingraveswithoutaname breakyourway forceyourwayorpickyourway becauseofthedensegrowthofthepricklypear Para 3 pricklypear akindofcactuscoveredwithprickleshavingapear shapedfruit 仙人掌果 Whenoutforawalkpickingyourwaythroughthepricklypear youmightfindthatthegroundisbumpy Yourealizethatyouarewalkingoverskeletons Youknowtheyaregravesonlybecausethebumpsappearinanevenpattern Paragraph3 WhatisthetenseusedinthisPara Whatdoesitmean Thesituationdescribedstillexists Para 5 mintsauce anEnglishspecialitymadeofacombinationofchoppedmintleaves vinegar andwater It straditionallyservedwithroastlamb Assoonasyoulookatthehindlegsofthegazelles youwillthinkofthedeliciousmintsaucethatyouwouldwanttodipitinwheneatingit Paragraph7 Whatcanyoulearnfromtheemployee ssituation Orwhatistheauthor sintentionbehindthesentence Thismanisanemployeeofthemunicipality Thepovertyofthepeople Evenanemployedlaborergoesstarving soyoucanimagineforyourselftheplightofthepoorerpeople stow toput hideawayinsafeplaceIfyoustowsth somewhere youputitneatlyawayinaplacewhereitcanbekeptuntilitisneeded storestowaway hide stow Westowedalltheboxesintheattic Potatoesmustbestowedinacooldarkplace Myjewelleryissafelystowedawayinthebank Hisbaggagewassafelystowedawayintheplane Paragraphs8 15 WhatisthemainideaofPara 8 15 TheplightoftheJews anoppressedminorityinacolonialcountry Theirfatecouldbeworsethanthatofthenatives Howdoestheauthorrealizehisidea BydescribingJews crowdedandunsanitarylivingcircumstances badworkingconditions frenziedrushandclamorforacigarette andthenatives hostileattitudetotheJews Para 8 Quartersapartment room house residentialareaforparticularkindofpeoplethedoctor squartersservantsquartersofficers quarterssleepingquartersconfinedtoquarters Para 8 ghettoesorghettos Aghettoisapartofatownorcityinwhichmanypoorpeopleormanypeopleofaparticularrace religion ornationalityliveinisolationfromthemajoritygroupinthetownorcity OrwellusesghettoshereinthetraditionalsenseofaportionofacitypopulatedalmostexclusivelybyJews Aghettoalsoimpliesthatthepeopleinitarerestrictedonlytothatareaandarenotpermittedtoliveelsewhere sore eyed Eyesareinfectedfrom1 malnutrition2 lackofmedicalcare3 unhygieniccondition Para 9 Infest oftenfollowedby with orusedincombination Wheninsects ratsorotheranimalsinfestaplant area theyspreadinalargenumbersandcoverthearea usuallycausingdamage overrun swarm pack crowd teem flood fill bethickwithThebackyardwasinfestedwithrats watersinfestedwithsharks Infest usedwithsomenounstomakeadjectivesmeaningfullofsomethingharmfulorunpleasant arat infestedhouseacrime infestedcityshark infestedwatersfly infested fullofflies Paragraph9 Acarpentersitscross leggedataprehistoriclathe turningchair legsatlightningspeed Sittingwithhislegscrossedandusingaveryold fashionedlathe acarpenterquicklygivesaroundshapetothechair legsheismaking warp bend curve ortwistoutofshapeThehotsunwarpedtheboards Somegramophonerecordswarpinveryhotweather Para 9 thanksto outofshapeBecauseofsittinginafixedpositionovertheyearsandbecauseofusinghisleftfoottocontrolthechiselwhileturningchair legs hisleftleghasbecomedeformed Para 10 frenzied adj fullofuncontrolledexcitementWillthispushhimtoofarandleadtoafrenziedattack 疯狂攻击 Shewasclimbingnowwithasortoffrenziedhaste 她这时带着一股疯狂劲头快速向上攀登 afrenziedmobofoverathousandbeggars 狂乱暴徒 makefrenziedefforts 拼命挣扎 self contained selfsufficientAself containedcommunityisoneinwhichallornearlyalltheneedsofthecommunityaremetfromwithin Thereislittleneedtogooutsideformaterialorculturaldesires TheJewishghettosareself containednotonlybypreferencebutalsobynecessity sinceJewsmayhavebeenunwelcomeoutside self contained 1a completeinitself INDEPENDENTb BUILT IN2a showingself controlb formalandreservedinmanner Paragraph11 It sagoodjob colloquialBrE It sagoodthing AmE Itisafortunatestateofaffairs itisfortunate Itisagoodjob thingithappenedhereratherthanontheopenroad AgoodjobHitlerwasn there ItwasluckyfortheJewsthatHitlerhadnotcometothisplace Ifhehad theJewswouldhavebeenexterminatedastheywereinPolandandotherEuropeancountries That sonlyforshow TheJewonlypretendstoworkasapoorlabourer show n sthfalseorsuperficial pretenceHispublicexpressionsofgriefarenothingbutshow 他公开表示悲痛只不过是做做样子而已 他的自我批评不是摆样子的 Hisself criticismwasnotmadeforshow asquaremeal adecentsubstantialmeal punishmentsforbeingawitch HangingwasthemostpopularinAmerica InEurope mostpeopleaccusedofwitchcraftwereburnedatthestake Therewereseveraloddpunishments suchasbeingpressedtodeath havinglargestonesplacedonthechesttowithdrawaconfession peopleweretiedupandthrownintolakes iftheyfloatedtheywereawitch iftheydidn ttheywereinnocent butdrownedanyway theyweretorturedwithhotirons mainlytothebottomsofthefeet theywerestretched hungupsidedown stuckwithneedles andshovedinironmaidens Witcheswereeventorturedintheirdeaths notaffordedaquickandsanitarydemise themajorityofwitcheswereburntatthestake thoughagreatmanywerestrangledorgarrotedbeforeburning Thistorturousdeath inBritain wasusedonlyforwomenwhocommittedoneofthetwomostunforgivableacts treasonorwitchcraft InhisSalemWitchcraft W F PooleestimatesthedeathtollofwitchesinEuropeduringthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturiesisabout200 000 Thewitchhuntsweresorampant MontagueSummersreportsinhisGeographyofWitchcraft Intheyear1586thedioceseofTrierwassoscouredandpurgedofsorcerersandwitchesthatintwovillagesonlytwowomenwereleftalive Witchcraft Orwellisprobablyreferringtomanyoccasionsinthe1600 sinbothEnglandandAmericawheninnocentwomenweretriedandoftenburnedorotherwisepunishedforwitchcraft Bytheverynatureofthechargeitwasimpossiblefortheaccusedtodefendherself justasitwasfortheJews AndliketheJews witchesservedasscapegoatsfortheillsofsocietythatcouldn tbeexplained SuchtrialsreachedtheirpeakinAmericaatSalem Massachusetts Injustthesameway asquaremeal Jewswerenowbeingcondemnedbyprejudiceandignoranceassomepooroldwomenwhocouldnotevengetthemselvesadecentmealwerecondemnedandburnedforwitchcraft Paragraphs16 18 WhatisdescribedinPara16 18 ThehardworkingbutinvisiblepeopleanddifficultcultivationofthepoorsoilWhattonedoestheauthoruseinPara16and17 Bitterandironic Insteadofopenlyblamingthewhitecolonialistswhodonotpaytheleastattentiontothepeoplewhosufferfrompovertyandhungerandmisery hepretendsthattheyhaveasoundreasontoignoresuchpeoplewhosimplycannotbeseenbecausetheyareofthecolorofearth Inahotcountry Youdon tevenseethelabourerploughingthefield SouthofGibralter allcountriesorareainNorthAfricaEastofSuez themiddle eastAsiancountrieschancesare itislikelythat inallprobability probably大概是 很可能是Chancesareshe salreadyheardthenews 可能她已经知道这消息了 很可能她要来 Thechancesarethatshe llbecoming Inatropicallandscapeone seyetakesineverythingexceptthehumanbeingsIfyoutakealookatthenaturalsceneryinatropicalregion youseeeverythingbutthehumanbeings Para 17 Itisonlybecauseofthis This herestandsforthefactthatpeoplealwaysmissthepeasantslabouringinthefieldsbecausetheyhavethecolouroftheearth Itisonlybecauseofthisreasonthatthesepoorstarvedcountriesareacceptedastouristresorts Paragraph17 NoonewouldthinkofrunningcheaptripstotheDistressedAreas Noonewouldthinkoforganizingcheaptripsforthetouriststovisitthepoorslumareas forthesetripswouldnotbeinteresting WhatdoesMoroccomean MoroccobeingaFrenchcolony tomanyFrenchmenMoroccohasnomoremeaningthanaplacewheretheymightfindagovernmentjob buyanorangegrovewiththeirmoneyorinvesthismoney ToanEnglishmanMoroccomeansnothingbutaromantic mysteriouscountrywhichhehasreadinthenovels Camels castlesaretheromanticbitsinhismindbythenovels fornine tenthsofthepeopletherealityoflifeisanendlessback breakingstruggletowringalittlefoodoutofanerodedsoil lifeisveryhardforninetypercentofthepeople Withhardbackbreakingtoiltheycanproducealittlefoodonthepoorsoil Orwellisverycleverlyrevealinginthesetwoparagraphstherealinnerworkingsofthecolonialists mentality Suchpeopletaketheirownpresumedsuperioritysomuchforgrantedandit ssodeepwithinthemthattheyliterallydon tevenseethewretchedpeopleofthethirdworldandaresoinsensitivethattheyactuallytreatthosecountriesastouristresortswheretheyvacationandenjoythemselvesoblivioustothesufferingallaroundthem erode wearaway eatintoIfrockorsoilerodesoriserodedbytheweather seaorwind itcracksandbreakssothatitisgraduallydestroyed Rainandriverserodedthesoftsand stones Para 18 Desolatebarren ofaplace inaruinedandneglectedstate1 aplacethatisdesolateisemptyandlookssadbecausetherearenopeoplethereAfterthewarthetownwasadesolateplace 2 someonewhoisdesolatefeelsverysadandlonelyShehasbeendesolatesincelosingherjob v Thelandwasdesolatedbyfloods Weweredesolatedbythedeathofourgoodfriend Para 18 Thisisasmuch equaltoTheanimalsyokedtotheploughhadjustenoughstrengthtoploughthesoiltoadepthofaboutfourinches Theycouldnotmakedeeperfurrows getat toreachMarrakechisverydry Evenatadepthof30or40feetthereisonlybutatrickleofwater Para 19 20 MiserablelifeofoldwomenThewriterisdescribingobjectivelythephysicalappearanceoftheoldwoman yethisangercomesthrough Noticehischoiceofwords old mummified tiny shrinktothesizeofchildren reducedtobones leatheryskin bentdouble Paragraph19 Isupposethat Theauthorgavetheoldwomanalittlemoney Theresponsewasashrillwailforshewasgreatlysurprised Theoldwomanwasfullyaccustomedtohermiserableexistenceandtonotbeingtakennoticeofbyanyone soshealmostconsideredtheauthortobedoingsomethingunnaturalbygivingherthemoney Sheacceptedherstatusasanoldwoman thatistosayasabeastofburden Shetookitforgrantedthatasanoldwomanshewasthelowestinthecommunity thatshewasonlyfitfordoingheavyworklikeananimal para 20 Whydoestheauthorexpatiateonthemiserablefateofthedonkeys Toarousethereaders sympathyandanger Aretheiranysimilaritiesbetweenthedonkeysandtheoldwomen Whatarethey DonkeyandWomanBothareoverloaded Botharewillingcreatures Botharesmall Bothareill treated Bothhaveanmiserableend Comparison Aretheiranysimilaritiesbetweenthedonkeysandthenativepeople Whatarethey Bothareobedient Botharedevoted despitecrueltreatment Bothhaveanmiserableend donkeythrowntothedogs humansthrownintoanamelessgrave Para 21 DonkeyandWoman humansVisibleInvisibleImplication Women humansareworsetreated Contrast Para 20 Infuriatev fillwithfuryorrageoutrage aggravate enrage provoke Para 20 whereupon formal usedwhensomethinghappensimmediatelyaftersomethingelse orasaresultofsomethinghappeningSherefusedtohandoverhermoney whereupontherewasafight 他看到我来 于是把座位让给了我 Hesawmecoming whereuponheofferedmehisseat Paragraph21 Peoplewithbrownskinsarenextdoortoinvisible Peoplewithbrownskinsarealmostinvisiblenextdoorto She sintheroomnextdoortoherparents 她住在她父母隔壁的那个房间 Heisnextdoortoanidiot 他简直是个白痴 这病人差不多要死了 Thesickmanwasnextdoortodeath Paragraphs22 26 WhatisthemainideaofPara22 26 Degradation humblenessofthenativepeople Howdoestheauthorputforwardhisidea Byacontrastbetweenthesoldiers infantry andthestorksandacomparisonbetweenthesoldiers infantry andcattle thesoldiersandthestorks Thepassiveplodding earth boundblackssouthward arecontrastedwiththeglitteringwhitebirds theirwhitemasters northward sogreat pureandloftywhosailabovetheminthesky Whiletheformerareweigheddownbyheavypacks aresweatinganduncomfortablyhot thelatterarefreetosoarunfetteredinthecoolskyabove Symbol whitebird scrapsofpaper symbolicoffreedom thesoldiersandcattle Thesoldiers passiveplodding earthbound weigheddownbyheavypacks sweating uncomfortablyhot likecattlewhodonotaskingquestionsandfollowtheirmastersblindly Paragraphs22 26 Descriptionoftheblacktroopsingeneralandoneblacksoldierindividually Itwon tbelongforthewhitepeopletokeeptheseblackpeopleinignorance clumpandclatter onomatopoeiawordsdescribingthesoundofbootsandironwheelsastheymovedovertheroad Paragraph22 Theirsplendidbodieswerehiddeninreach me downkhakiuniformsTheSenegalesesoldierswerewearingready madekhakiuniformswhichhidtheirbeautifulwell builtbodies reach me down BrE colloquial second handorready madeclothes hand me down AmE Isawhowitwas Iunderstandthereasonwhy Thisistheresultofcolonization Para 24 Thiswretchedboy Thismiserableblackboyis asaresultofthecolonizationofhiscountry aFrenchcitizen Thereforehehasbeenforcedtoleavehishomeintheforestandcometoagarrisontownwherehehastodohardlaboursuchasscrubbingfloorsforthewhitesandwherehewillcatchsyphilis Howeverthisboy insteadofhatingthewhites hasdeeprespectforthem Paragraph25 inthis thatconnection formal whilespeakingofsuchthings inthiscase Whilespeakingofsuchthings whilespeakingoftheonethoughtwhicheverywhitemanthinks Itisthe100thanniversaryofhisdeath Weherearehavingverygreatcelebrationsinthisconnection Itdoesn tmattertwopence Itdoesn tmatterabit Itdoesn tmatteratall Howlongbeforetheyturntheirgunsintheotherdirection Howmuchlongerbeforetheyturntheirgunsaroundandattackus Paragraph26 Everywhitemantherehadthisthoughtstowedsomewhereorotherinhismind Everywhiteman theonlookers theofficersontheirhorsesandthewhiteN C Os marchingwiththeblacksoldiers hadthisthoughthiddensomewhereorotherinhismind chargers horsesriddeninbattleoronparadeN C O noncommissionedofficers军士 士官 column Acolumnisagroupofpeopleoranimalswhichmovesinalongline alongmovinglineofpeopleorthingsTherewerereportsofcolumnsofmilitaryvehiclesappearingonthestreets file lineofpeoplewhoarestandingorwalkingonebehindtheotherfileofafileofsoldiersmarchinginstep 步伐整齐 alineofpeopleorthings onebehindtheother Theysetoffinfilebehindtheteacher Thecausesoftheirpoverty 1 Colonialization Allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthisfact para 1 17 2 Racialdiscrimination Thepeoplehavebrownfaces besidestherearesomanyofthem para 3 Heisthesamecolourastheearth para 16 3 Blackpeople signoranceHeshowedhisprofoundrespecttohisenemy He hasfeelingsofreverencebeforeawhiteskin OnlytheNegroesdidn tknowit 4 Poornaturalconditions Language 1 simplewords simplestatementstoconveydeepermeaning2 theuseofrhetoricalquestionswhichisveryeffectiveinconveyinghisanger3 terse 精练的 lucid 明白易懂的 prosestyle 4 gooddiction 措辞 ExerciseVI 1 chant wordsrepeatedinamonotonoustoneofvoice2 navvy abbreviationof navigator aBritishwordmeaninganunskilledlaborer asoncanals roads etc 3 Stow putorhideawayinasafeplace4 warp bend curve ortwistoutofshape5 self contained self sufficient havingwithinoneselforitselfallthatisnecessary6 wretched poorinquality veryinferior7 mummified thinandwithered lookinglikeamummy8 reach me down Britishcolloquialism second handorready madeclothing9 charger ahorseriddeninbattleoronparade ExerciseVII 1 Cryimpliestheexpressionofgrief sorrow painordistressbymakingmournful convulsivesoundsandsheddingtears weepmorespecificallystressesthesheddingoftears tosobistoweepaloudwithacatchinthevoiceandshortgaspingbreaths wailimpliestheutteringofloud prolongedmournfulcriesinunsuppressedlamentation towhimperistocrywithsubdued whining brokensounds asafearfulorfrightenedchilddoes moansuggeststheexpressionofsorroworpaininalow prolongedmournfulsoundorsounds ExerciseVII cry指因痛苦 忧伤或悲哀而发出悲切的声音 并伴以流泪 weep更具体 强调流泪 sob指呜呜咽咽 一吸一顿地哭泣 wail指无法抑制悲哀而拖长声调痛哭 whimper指像受惊的小孩一样声音压抑地 时断时续地哭 moan则指因悲伤或痛苦而低声地 拖长声调地哀叹 ExerciseVII 2 mania本指狂郁精神病所表现出的症状 具体表现为喜怒无常 时哭时笑 行为不能自制 delirium指暂时性精神极端错乱 如酒醉发烧时 具体表现为烦躁不安 语无伦次和产生幻觉 frenzy是非医学用语 指狂暴不能自制 hysteria在精神病学上指心因性紊乱 表现为容易激动 焦躁不安 感官和运动功能紊乱以及不自觉地模拟眼瞎 耳聋等 用于引申义时 mania指对于某事的爱好达到狂