短文二万圣夜文化介绍

HalloweenHalloween is an autumn holiday that Americans celebrate every year. It means holy evening, and it comes every October 31, the evening before All Saints Day. However, it is not really a church holiday, it is a holiday for children mainly.Every autumn, when the vegetables are ready to eat, children pick large orange pumpkins. Then they cut faces in the pumpkins and put a burning candle inside. It looks as if there were a person looking out of the pumpkin! These lights are called jack-o-lanterns, which means Jack of the lantern.The children also put on strange masks and frightening costumes every Halloween. Some children paint their faces to look like monsters. Then they carry boxes or bags from house to house. Every time they come to a new house, they say,Trick or treat! Money or eat! The grown-ups put treat-money or candy in their bags.Not only children, but most grown-ups also love Halloween and Halloween parties because on this day,they can disguise themselves as personages or ghost as their imaginations will lead them. This bring them the satisfaction of being young.,万圣夜，Halloween，在每年的10月31日，万圣夜起源于不列颠凯尔特人的传统节日，他们认为该日是夏天正式结束的日子，也就是新年伊始，严酷的冬季开始的一天。那时人们相信， 故人的亡魂会在这一天回到故居地在活人身上找寻生灵，借此再生，而且这是人在死后能获得再生的唯一希望。而活着的人则惧怕死魂来夺生，于是人们就在这一天熄掉炉火、烛光，让死魂无法找寻活人，又把自己打扮成妖魔鬼怪把死人之魂灵吓走。之后，他们又会把火种烛光重新燃起，开始新的一年的生活。,Origin,Main Activities,Trick-or-treating is a customary celebration for children on Halloween. Children go in costume from house to house, asking for treats such as candy or sometimes money, with the question, Trick or treat? The word trick refers to threat to perform mischief on the homeowners or their property if no treat is given.,Trick-or-Treat,customary /kstmri/ adj. 依照习俗的; 习惯上的refer /rf/ v.refer to 提到 说到或涉及到某人/某事物threat /ret/ n. 恐吓; 威胁He received death threats from a stranger.perform /pfm/ v. 施行（某事）mischief /mstf/ n. 恶作剧, 捣蛋, 顽皮Those girls are fond of perty /prpt/ n. 财产; 资产Dont touch those tools they are not your property. 不要动那些工具-那不是你的东西.,One common game is dunking or apple bobbing.Apples float in a tub or a large basin of water and the participants must use their teeth to remove an apple from the basin.,Apple Bobbing,bob v. 上下疾动（尤指在水上）common /kmn/ adj. 普通的; 通常的; 常见的dunk /dk/ v. 将（食物）浸入液体（再吃）dunk a biscuit in ones coffee 将饼乾泡入咖啡.float /flut/ v. 漂浮; 飘tub /tb/ n. 盆, 桶basin /besn/ n. 水槽; 水池participant /ptspnt/ n. 参加者remove /rmu / v. 移开,此外，还有一些和万圣节派对有关的游戏。其中最常见的就是“咬苹果”（bobbing for apples），在游戏中，苹果会漂浮在一个装满水的大盆子或是木桶的水面上，而参加者则要设法用牙齿咬起漂浮在水上的苹果,Haunted Attractions,Haunted attractions are entertainment venues designed to thrill and scare patrons. They include haunted houses, corn mazes, and hayrides etc.,haunt /hnt/ v. （指鬼魂）常出没於（某处）a haunted house 经常闹鬼的房子常到（某处）This is one of the cafes I used to haunt. 这是我以前常去的一家咖啡馆.经常浮现於（某人）脑际The memory still haunts me. 那回忆仍然萦回在我的脑际.attraction /trkn/ n. 吸引; 吸引力tourist attraction 旅游胜地entertainment /enttenmnt / n. 娱乐venue /venju/ n. 聚集地点; 会场thrill /rl/ v. 使（某人）感到兴奋或激动scare /ske(r) / v. 恐吓（某人）patron /petrn/ n. 顾客include /nklud/ v. 包括corn /kn/ n. 谷物 a corn-field 庄稼地maze /mez/ n. 迷宫hayride /herad/ n. (尤指夜间)乘坐装有干草的大车(或拖橇等)出游,corn maze,hayride,The telling of ghost stories and viewing of horror films are common fixtures of Halloween parties. Episodes of television series and Halloween-themed specials (with the specials usually aimed at children) are commonly aired on or before Halloween, while new horror films are often released theatrically before Halloween to take advantage of the atmosphere.,Ghost Stories/Horror Films/Halloween-themed Specials,fixture /fkst(r)/ n. （建筑物内的）固定装置（如澡盆 水箱 马桶等）episode /epsud / n. （电视或无线电广播的）一集the final episode 大结局aim /em/ v. aim at sb. 针对某人air v. 播送; 播放release /rlis/ v. 发行影片 书 唱片等 release a film, book, record, etc theatricallytheatre 戏院; 剧院; 露天剧场- theatrical /trkl / (adj.) 戏院的;（指行为）为产生某种效果而夸张的, 做作的- theatricallytake advantage of 利用; 占的便宜He took advantage of the good weather to go for a walk. 他趁着天气好,出去散散步She took advantage of my generosity. 她利用了我的慷慨（取得比我想给的多）. atmosphere /tmsf(r)/ n. 气氛; 情绪The atmosphere changed as soon as she walked in. 她一进来气氛就变了,Symbols,Jack-o-Lanterns 南瓜灯/杰克灯,Jack-o-lanterns are traditionally carried by guisers on All Hallows Eve in order to frighten evil spirits.,CostumesHalloween costumes are traditionally modeled after supernatural figures such as vampires, monsters, ghosts, skeletons, witches, and devils. Over time, in the United States the costume selection extended to include popular characters from fiction, celebrities, and generic archetypes such as ninjas and princesses.,tradition /trdn/ n. 世代相传（尤指无文字记载）的习俗，传统By tradition, people play practical jokes on 1 April. 按照传统风俗, 4月1日可以开恶作剧的玩笑.They decided to break with tradition. 他们决定要打破传统.- traditional adj. 按照传统的; 传统的Its traditional in England to eat turkey on Christmas Day. 圣诞节时吃火鸡是英格兰的传统. - traditionally In England, turkey is traditionally eaten on Christmas Day. 在英格兰, 圣诞节时按传统要吃火鸡.model v. oneself/sth on sb/sth 以某人某事物作榜样; 仿效The design of the building is modelled on classical Greek forms. 那建筑物的设计是模仿希腊的古典形式. supernatural adj. 超自然的（自然或物理规律无法解释的）; 神灵 幻术等的figure n. 数字（尤指0至9）, 图解; 图表, （绘画等中的）人或动物的像, 画像, 肖像, 身材; （尤指）体态, 相貌vampire n. /vmpa(r)/ 吸血鬼skeleton /skeltn/ n. （动物或人的）骨骼, 骨架extend /kstend/ v. 使（某物）（在空间或时间上）更大, 更长, 伸长, 延长, 延展fiction /fkn/ n. 小说celebrity /slebrt/ n. 名人; 闻人,generic /dnerk/ adj. 属的; 类的; 一般的The generic term for wine, spirits and beer is alcoholic beverages. 葡萄洒 烈性洒 啤酒的通称是酒类饮料.archetype /ktap/ n. 原始模型; 原型ninja /nind/ n. 忍者Teenage Mutant （/mjutnt/ n. 突变异种）Ninja Turtles 忍者神龟,Bats, owls and other nocturnal animals are also popular symbols of Halloween. They were originally feared because people believed that these creatures could communicate with the spirits of the dead.,Black cats are also symbols of Halloween and have religious origins as well. Black cats were considered to be reincarnated beings with the ability to divine the future. During the Middle Ages it was believed that witches could turn themselves into black cats. Thus when such a cat was seen, it was considered to be a witch in disguise.,Other Popular Symbols,owl /aul/ n. 猫头鹰nocturnal /nktnl/ adj. 夜间的; 在夜间的; 在夜间做的; 在夜间发生的a nocturnal visit, trip 夜访 夜行original /rdnl/ adj. 原始的; 最初的; 原先的; 最早的The Indians were the original inhabitants of North America. 印第安人是北美最早的居民. creature /krit/ n. 生物; （尤指）动物creatures from Mars 来自火星的生物communicate /kmjunket/ v. (with sb) 交流情况 交换消息 交流思想等spirit /sprt/ n. 超自然的生物（精灵 仙子等）religious /rlds/ adj. 宗教的; 宗教上的 religious belief 宗教信仰-religion /rldn/ n. 宗教consider /knsd/ v. 认为reincarnate /rinknet/ v. 使（灵魂）转世; 使（灵魂）投胎divine /dvan/ v. 占卜（某未知事物, 尤指未来）; 卜测; 预卜,Food associated with Halloween,Candy apples/toffee apples,Bonfire toffee,The toffee tastes very strongly of molasses (/mlsz/ 糖蜜), and cheap versions can be quite bitter.,Candy corn,candy pumpkins,Soul cakes,A soul cake is a small round cake which is traditionally made for All Hallows Eve, All Saints Day and All Souls Day to commemorate (/kmemret/ v. 纪念（伟人 大事件等) the dead in the Christian tradition. The cakes, often simply referred to as souls, are given out to soulers (mainly consisting of children and the poor) who go from door to door during the days of Allhallowtide singing and saying prayers for the dead.,Monkey nuts (peanuts in their shells),pumpkin piepumpkin bread,万圣夜怎么表达“吓死人”？,You scared me! 你吓死我了！I am freaked out! 吓死我了！I am frightened out of my wits! 我的魂都被吓飞了！That nearly scared me to death! 我差点被吓死！Spiders scare me stiff. 蜘蛛把我吓坏了。You did give me a good scare! 你着实吓了我一跳。The ghost story frightened the pants off me.这个鬼故事把我吓得够呛。Have such thing unexpectedly? Frighten me to jump! 居然有这样的事？吓我一跳！,1.holy /hul/ adj. 神的; 上帝的 the Holy Bible 圣经视为神圣的; 神圣化的 holy ground 神圣的土地2.mainly adv. 主要地The people in the streets were mainly tourists. 街上的人大多是游客.main /men/ adj. 最重要的; 主要的; 首要的the main thing to remember 要记住的主要东西 the main street of a town 市内的主要街道3.pumpkin /pmpkn/ n. 南瓜 pumpkin pie 南瓜馅饼4.burn /bn/ v. 烧坏, 烧伤, 烧焦The house was burnt to the ground. 这所房子已焚为平地His face was badly burnt by the hot sun. 他的脸被烈日晒伤了.The child burnt its fingers/itself while playing with a match. 那孩子玩火柴时把手指自己烧伤了.Ten people burnt to death in the hotel fire. 旅馆失火烧死了十人.燃烧;发光; 发热; 发亮a burning building 燃烧着的建筑物A single light burned in the empty house. 那所空房子里有一盏孤灯亮着.,burn down （指火）渐渐烧完; 火力减弱The room grew colder as the fire burnt down. 随着炉火逐渐减弱, 房间越来越冷.burn (sth) down （将某物）焚为平地, 烧得精光: The house burnt down in half an hour. 那所房子在半小时之内就被焚为平地.burn (sth) to sth （将某物）烧成某种状态It burned to ashes. 它已烧成灰烬了burn with sth 通常用於进行时态,充满强烈的情感be burning with rage, desire, longing, etc 怒火中烧 慾火焚心 热望如焚. burn ones boats/bridges (do sth that makes it impossible to go back to a previous situation) 做事不留退路Think carefully before you resign if you do that you will have burnt your boats. 你对辞职一事须三思-辞了职就断了自己的後路.burn the midnight oil (study or work until late at night ) 挑灯夜战; 开夜车She takes her exams next week, so shes burning the midnight oil. 她下周要考试, 所以在开夜车.,5.candle /kndl/ n. 蜡烛candle-light n.烛光 read, work, etc by candle-light 在烛光下阅读 工作等candlestick 蜡台; 烛台6.put on 穿上（衣服）put on ones coat, gloves, hat, skirt, trousers, etc 穿上外套 戴上手套 戴上帽子 穿上裙子 穿上裤子What dress shall I put on for the party? 我穿什麽衣服去参加聚会呢?在皮肤上涂某物: put on lipstick, hand-cream, etc 涂唇膏 擦润手油脂Shes just putting on her make-up. 她正在化妆7.mask /msk/ n. 面具; 面罩8.frightening /fratn/ adj. 引起恐惧的; 惊恐的; 可怕的a frightening experi