现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时.doc

知识点：现在完成时一.一般现在时用法：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果e.g. Yesterday I finished my homework, thats to say, Ihave finishedmy homework now.过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续e.g. Ihave livedhere since 1990.二.现在完成时的构成have/has+过去分词三.现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句Hehas finishedthe work.一般疑问句Hashefinishedthe work?否定句Hehas not finishedthe work.两回答Yes ,hehas./No, hehasnt.特殊疑问句Whathashedone?四.在下列情形下用现在完成时（1）九词语already已经肯定句中或句尾 e.g. I havealreadyfound my pen. = I have found my penalready.yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾e.g. I have not finished the workyet.Have you bought a computeryet?ever曾经句中e.g. Have youeverseen pandas?never从不句中e.g. I haveneverbeen to Beijing.just刚刚句中 e.g. I havejustdone my work.before以前句尾e.g. I have never been therebefore.so far到目前为止e.g. So farhe has learnt 200 words.how long多久e.g. How longhave you lived here?how many times多少次e.g.How many timeshas he been to Beijing?（2）两词组havegone to去了某地例：Hehas gone toBeijing(去了北京)havebeen to去过某地例：Hehas been toBeijing.(去过北京)（3）两结构for two monthsfor +一段时间Jim has lived herefor 2 months.since last yearsince +过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijingsince 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he came heresince +过去时态句子He has been in Chinasince he came here.（4）如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。e.g. Have you lost your library book?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？（5）现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型Theyhave plantedmany treesin the last few years.在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。This is the best book Ihave ever read.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。It is the first time Ihave playedthe computer games.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。五.在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用e.g. He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用,改正的办法有五种：He has bought the book. (去掉一段时间for 3 years)He bought the book 3 years ago(改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)Its 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.（改为固定句型It is -since-）He has not bought the book for 3 years.（改为否定句）He has had the book for 3 years.（用延续性动词have代替buy）六.还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：come/arrive/get to/reachbe here例：Ihave comehere for 3 years.（错）改为：Ihave been herefor 3 years.leave/gobe away例：Hehas leftfor 3 hours.（错）改为：Hehas been awayfor 3 hours.begin/startbe on例：The filmhas begunfor 3 minutes.（错）改为：The filmhas been onfor 3 minutes.openbe open / closebe closed例：The shophas openedfor 3 years.(错)改为：The shophas been openfor 3 years.diebe dead例：His fatherhas diedfor 3 years.(错)改为：His fatherhas been deadfor 3 years.finish/endbe over例：Hehas finishedthe work for 3 days.(错)改为：The workhas been overfor 3 daysjoin例：Ihave joinedthe army for 3 years.（错）改为：Ihave been in the armyfor 3 years.或Ihave been a soldierfor 3 years.buy /catchhavee.g. Ihave boughtthe bike for 3 years.（错）改为：Ihave hadthe bike for 3 years. e.g. Hehas caughta cold for 3 days.（错）改为：Hehas hada cold for 3 days.borrowkeep e.g. Ihave borrowedthe book for 3 years.（错）改为：Ihave keptthe book for 3 years.还有其它的归纳如下：breakbe brokenget upbe upmarrybe marriedbecomebelosebe lost七.延续性动词和终止性动词延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leave ,start, set out ,arrive ,reach ,get to, begin, stop, shut, turn off, marry ,put ,put on, get up, wake, fall, join ,meet, receive, finish, end, complete ,become, come, go, die, open, close, break, give, jump ,buy, borrow八.终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。He has died for three days.（错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间for three days连用）同步练习：单项选择题1、Bothhisparentslooksad. Maybethey_whatshappenedtohim . A. knewB. have knownC.must knowD.will know2、Hehas_ beentoShanghai, hashe ? A.alreadyB. neverC.everD. still3、HaveyoumetMr. Li _？ A. justB. agoC. beforeD. a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. iswritingB. waswritingC. wroteD. haswritten5、Our country_ a lot so far . Yes .I hope it will be even _ . A. haschanged ; wellB. changed ; good C. haschanged ; betterD. changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already_in this school for two years . A. was ; studyingB. will ; study C. has ; studiedD. are ; studying7、We _ XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl. A. knowB. hadknownC. haveknownD.knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . A.willseeB. haveseenC. sawD.see9、ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates. Really ? When _there ?A. will theygoB. didtheygoC.dotheygo D. havetheygone10、_ you _ yourhomeworkyet ?Yes . I _itamomentago . A. Did ; do ; finishedB. Have ; done ; finishedC. Have ; done ; havefinishedD. will ; do ; finish知识点：过去完成时一 过去完成时结构：had+过去分词。二 过去完成时的用法：过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态：即过去的过去e.g. When we got to the station, the trainhad left.当我到车站的时候，火车已经离开了。By the end of last week, hehad learnt1000 words.到上个星期尾为止，他已经学了1000个单词。过去某时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态e.g. He said that hehad madea few friends since he came to China.他说自从他来中国，他已经交了几个朋友。同步练习：单项选择题：1He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had,done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _lived here for _ years.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _.A. has completed university B. has completed the universityC. had completed an university D. had completed university9. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 知识点：现在完成进行时一、现在完成进行时的定义现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。e.g. Those cats have been screaming for hours.那些猫叫了半天了。二、现在完成进行时的结构: have / has been +现在分词e.g. I have been waiting for an hour and a half.我一直等了一个半小时了。三、现在完成进行时主要用法1.表示“持续”：即表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续的动作，这动作可能刚刚停止，也可能还在进行。如：e.g. The children have been having a lot of fun.孩子们一直玩得很开心。e.g. She is very tired. Shes been working all morning.她很累。她干了一早晨了。2.表示“重复”即表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复，而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。e.g. Weve all along been making mistakes like this.我们一直犯这样的错误。四、与现在完成进行连用的主要时间状语现在完成进行时所用的时间状语：all day / month;this month / week / year; these days; recently / lately; in the past few +时间段; since +时间点; for +时间段，等等。e.g. He has been working all day.他整天都在工作。They have been building the bridge for two month.两个月来他们一直在修桥。He has been sleeping for ten hours.他已经睡了十个小时了。The two parties have been trying to unite since the New Year.自从新年以来，双方就一直在试图联手。拓展：现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别1.现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续，因此，表示动作的完成，只能用现在完成时，而不能用现在完成进行时。如：He has changed his idea.他改变了想法。2.在表示动作的延续时，虽然既可用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时，但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时，应用现在完成进行时。如：We have been studying here for two years.我们在这儿已经学习了两年了。在许多情况下，现在完成时表示动作已经完成，而现在完成进行时却并非如此。如：He has cleaned the window.他把窗户擦干净了。(动作已完成)He has been cleaning the window.他一直在擦窗户。(动作不一定完成)4.有些静态动词只能用于现在完成时，一般不能用于现在完成进行时。如：The war has lasted for a long time.这场战争持续了很长时间。5.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的相通性：在表达一个从过去开始而现在仍在继续或刚刚结束的动作时，某些动词既可以用现在完成时，也可以用现在完成进行时，如expect, hope, learn, lie, live, look, rain, sleep, sit, snow, stand, stay, study, teach, wait, want, work等。如：你学习英语多久了?正：How long have yon learnt English?正：How long have you been learning English?他已经睡了十个小时了。正：He has slept for ten hours.正：He has been sleeping for ten hours.同步练习：单项选择题1.ImsureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.Ithinkso.He_foritformonths.A.ispreparing B.waspreparing C.hadbeenpreparing D.hasbeenpreparing2.Bythetimeherealizeshe_intoatrap,itllbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit. A.walksB.walked C.haswalked D.hadwalked3.Sofarthisyearwe_afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.A.sawB.seeC.hadseenD.haveseen4.CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe_Englishforayear. A.studiesB.studiedC.isstudyingD.hasbeenstudying5.Danny_hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.A.works B.isworking C.hasworked D.hadworked6.Ihavegotaheadache.Nowonder.You_infrontofthatcomputertoolong. A.workB.areworkingC.havebeenworkingD.worked7.Theunemploymentrateinthisdistrict_from6%to5%inthepasttwoyears. A.hasfallen B.hadfallen C.isfallingD.wasfalling8.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy_goingbacktoschool，butshehasntdecidedyet.A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider9._you_himaroundthemuseumyet?(2007江苏)Yes.Wehadagreattimethere.A.HaveshownB.DoshowC.Had;shownD.Did;show10.Hi,Tracy，youlookpale. Iamtired.I_thelivingroomallday.A.painted B.hadpainted C.havebeenpainting D.havepainted四、课堂小结(10分钟）和学生一起回顾本节课所学知识：现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时的结构、用法及注意事项。五、作业布置一单项选择题。1Hisfather_ thePartysince1978.A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. hasbeenin2.Do you know him well ?Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago .A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made3How long have you_ here ?About two months .A.beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived4. Hurryup! Theplay _ fortenminutes .A. hasbegunB.hadbegunC. hasbeenonD.began5.It_ tenyearssinceheleftthearmy .A. isB. hasC. willD. was6. What _ Annie _ by the time he was ten?A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 7 .He _ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work8. By the end of last week, they _ the bridge.A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed9. Ben hates playing _ violin, but he likes playing _ football.A. athe B. the the C. / the D. the/10. By the time he was 4, he _ a lot of German words.A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns二用括号里面的正确形式填空。1.Youknow,I_(look)forajobforthreemonths,andthisismyfirstformalinterview.2.Mysister_(stay)inBeijingforthreemonthslastyear.3.Thelittleboyisdirtyalloverbecausehe_(play)inthemudallthemorning.4.I_(wonder)ifyouwerefreethisafternoon.5.Hereheis!We_(wait)anxiouslyforhimsincelastnight.6. We _ (paint)