语法填空解题技巧.doc

语法填空解题技巧综合分析近5年的广东高考试题，语法填空呈现如下规律和趋势：1短文题材：或体现文化内涵，或给人心灵以启迪等。2短文难道：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词，主要考查句子结构和语篇分析能力。3短文长度：200词左右，不超过12句话。4首句不设空。5考点设置：（1）纯空格题：设6-7个小题，通常考查冠词、介词、代词和连词等，答案只填一个单词。（2）用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空：设3-4个小题，通常考查谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、词类转换等，答案只能填一个单词或两个或更多。（3）不会要求考生根据上下问来填写一个名词、动词或拼写较长的形容词和副词。一、能力要求：1. 阅读/理解语篇的能力;2. 分析句子结构的能力;3. 熟练运用语法的能力。二、解题步骤（“由大到小” ）1. 通读全文、了解大意、把握特征、弄清文脉。2. 巧用已知，连线画图、降低难度、铺平道路。3. 理解句意、分析结构、大胆猜测、各个击破。4. 重读全篇、仔细核查、语法正确、语意贯通。5. 拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确（注意三写）。语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力，我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以先进行填写。在读懂短文的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析，逐题解答。下面按题型设计分两种情况：一、纯空格试题的解题技巧 纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词。首先，分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。共有以下6个技巧：技巧1：在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。例1I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _it gets there almost in a second.技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等），很可能是填限定词。例2 It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help _his_rice crop grow up quickly.例3the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to_a_small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.技巧3：名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面，一定是填介词。例4who should have the honour of receiving me _as_a guest in their house.技巧4: 若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。例5two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso_and_Cabdido Poitinari, which are worth millions of dollars.例6all I saw was this beautiful girls, whose smile just melted me _and_ almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about.技巧5: 若两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词（连接并列的句子）或从属连词（连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句）。例7：The greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini _who_died in 1926.例8：In Japan,for example,it is normal for the woman tosend chocolates to the man while/but in Korea April 14th is known as “Black Day”.例9：He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _but_ he felt very happy.技巧6: 由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。(1) 由it is/was that 强调结构的形式，判断it 还是that。判断方法：去掉it is/was that结构，句子还是一个完整的句子就是强调句型。(2) 由it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格是否填it.例10：and _it_ was only after I heard she become sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精).例11： as _it_ took them just three minuts to steal paintings by two worls-famous artists.例12：Dating sites also makes_it_ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (3) 在倒装句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, notuntil等词。例13：_Only_ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. (4) so / such that句型例14：This made the goat so jealous _that_ it began plotting against the donkey. (5) more than(与其说不如说，比更)句型。例15：Cynthias story shows vividly that people rememberr more how much a manager cares _than_ how much he pays.二、给出提示词的语法填空题语法填空题的括号中所提供的词通常是动词、形容词、副词和名词。(一)、给出了动词的试题解题技巧首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按照以下两点进行思考。技巧7：若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。例16：When I die, I will give (give) everything to you.例17：That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation,_closed_(close) my book and walked away.例18：In Loganm three people _were taken_(take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. 例19: Being too anxious to help an event develop often results in (result) the countrary to our intention.例20: Now,Valentine”s Day is celebrated(celebrate) in many countries around the world.技巧8: 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v-ing形式，-ed形式，还是不定式，确定的方法主要有：(1) 作主语或宾语，通常用v-ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。 例21：but it is not enough only _to memorize_(memorize) rules from a grammar book.例22：Speaking_(speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary例23:He wannt used to being taken (take) care of like that.(2) 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。例24：_To_complete_(complete) the project as planed, well have to work two more hours a day.例25：Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely_to succeed_(succeed).(3) 作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词（v-ing）;若是被动关系，用过去分词（-ed）。例26：He saw the stone, _saying_(say) to himself: “the night will be very dark.”例27：The headmaster went into the lab, _followed_(follow) by the foreign guests.例28：Problems, depending (depend)on their nature, cause us sadness or loneliness or regret or anger or fear.(4) 无论非谓语动词在句子作何种成分，若判断得出其需要用分词时，分词与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词（v-ing）；是被动关系，用过去分词（-ed）。例29：While she was getting me.settled (settle) into a tiny but clean room,例30：Lessons _learned_(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.例31:The dinosaur was forced to adapt and evolved into a smaller animal needing (need) less space and food.例32：A room full of candiates for a state examination timed (time) exactly by electronic clocks.例33：It was a presidental talk delivered ( deliver) at a time of 其次，若所给动词既不做谓语也不做非谓语，那就是词的转换题。技巧9: 动词的词类转换主要做主语、宾语和定语。例34：There are uncomfortable (comfort) feelings often as any kind of physical pain.例35：It came into existence (exist) with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry.例36：They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building equipment (equip) to dig holes例37：But a mother in North Cardina said she thought the speech (speak) could have a positive impact.例38：We can have the most supportive (support) parents and the best schools in the world.例39：When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _achievements_(achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally prefer to the Four Great Inventions.例40：These people have made great _contributions (contribute) to China with their work.例41：instructors expect students to be familiar with _information_ (inform) in the reading.例42：But Jane knew from past experience that her choice (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.（二）、给出了形容词、副词、名词的试题解题技巧 这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词，根据该词在句中所作句子成分确定用那种形式，具体技巧有以下4种。技巧10: 作表语（在系动词之后）、定语（修饰名词）或宾补（表性质状态），通常用形容词形式。例43：The youngster immediately fell _silent_(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.例44：In a _dangerous_(danger ) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they leart to例45：Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _interested_(interest) in the subject.例46：This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural (nature) course.技巧11: 修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。例47：As I looked _closely (close) at this girl, I found that例48：There must be something _seriously_(serious) wrong with our society.例49：Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet _mainly (main) because their busy lifesytyles leave them little time例50：Fortunately (fortune),the guest escaped unharmed.技巧12: 有的词义转换题，词类或词性不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-, in-等，在词根后加-less等。例51： People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _useless_(use).例52：Your mistake caused a lot of _unnecessary_(necessary) work in the office.例53：Its origins are unclear (clear) and hidden in the river of time.技巧13: 括号中所给词若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。例54：The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could he jumped even _harder_(hard) and nearly made himself out.例55：Guangzhou is the third largest (large) city in China. 例56：,but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher (high)Americans love pets. In America, there are more families with pets 16.than those with children. It is common 17.that U.S. homes have some sorts of pets, such as monkeys, snakes and even wolves. But Americans all-time favorites are cats and dogs, because dogs can offer protection from thieves and unwelcome visitors and cats can help get rid 18.of the home unwanted pests. Beneath keeping pets, there lies a basic American belief: Pets have a right to be treated well. In Houston, Texas, dogs can have a right to be treated well. In Houston, Texas, dogs can have dinner 19.delivered (deliver) to their homes, just like pizza. Pets can even go with 20.their owners on vacation. Besides, at least 75 animal welfare organizations exist in America which provide care and adoption services for 21.homeless (home) and ill-treated animals. To pay for the high-tech health care, people can buy health insurance 22.for their pets. Pets are 23.as basic to American culture as hot dogs or apple pie. By now researchers 24.have discovered (discover) that interacting with animals lowers a persons blood pressure. Pets even encourage social relationships. They give their owners an appearance of friendliness, and they provide 25.a good topic of conversation.Have you ever asked yourself why children go to school? You will 16.probably (probable)say that they go to learn languages，arithmetitic，history, science and some other k