名词性从句讲义与真题2012.doc

名词性从句一.概念：在从句中起名词作用的从句即名词性从句。它们是：主语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句和表语从句。二.引起名词性从句的词有三类：从属连词；连接代词；连接副词从属连词：只起到连接作用，不充当成分1.that 无语意，在从句中不作成分，只起引起从句的作用，引导宾语从句可省略。That he beat his opponent in the tennis game encouraged his teammates.He said (that) another child was infected with bird flu.The fact is that he knows nothing about it.Her dream that she will become a woman astronaut is sure to come true.2.whether 有语意，“是否”， 在从句中不作成分，引导宾语从句可以用if。 Whether it is true is not certain.He asked me whether/if he could ask another question.连接代词：连接名词性从句；在从句中充当成分；主要充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 1.what 有意义，”所的”或随句子意思而定。在从句中作主语，宾语和表语，也做定语。 What makes her different from others is her strange behavior. This is what I want to say. Please tell me what it is.Its uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.2.who “谁”（主语、宾语） ,whom“谁”（宾语），whose“谁的”（定语）,which(哪一) Who will be chosen is the topic of conversation now. I want to know who/whom you really want to see. Whose handwriting is the most beautiful is very clear now. Please tell me which book you like best among them. 3.疑问词+ever 也可以引起名词性从句 Whatever was said here must be kept secret. Whoever fails to see this will make a big mistake. Ill give it to whoever likes it. Parents shouldnt give their children whatever he/she wants.连接副词：在从句中作状语，分别表时间、地点、方式、原因。 1.when 引起表示时间的名词性从句，意思是“的时候”或“何时” When we can get rid of the rubbish is still unknown. They didnt know when they could meet again. The question is when the money can be collected. 2.where 引起表示地点的名词性从句，意思是“在的地方”或“到的地方” Where the meeting will be held hasnt been decided. Everyone wants to know where the plant can be found. 3.how 引起表示方式的名词性从句，意思是“的方式”或“如何” The problem is how we can get out of the trouble. How we can get in touch with him is the most important. 4.why 引起表示原因的名词性从句，意思是“的原因”或 “为什么” Why he said that rubbish at the meeting puzzled me. At last, he told us why he didnt agree with us.三. 名词性从句的种类：四种主语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句和表语从句1.主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句，上述引导词除if外均可引起主语从句。 Who has been chosen is still a secret to all. That one believes in oneself in doing everything is very important.注意：主语从句如果偏长，可将其移至谓语动词之后，前面用it作形式主语。That he is an honest boy is known to all.It is known to all that he is an honest boy.That the Chinese volleyball team once won six world championships successively is true.It is true that the Chinese volleyball team once won six world championships. 在It is + insisted/ordered/commanded/suggested/advised/proposed/demanded/required/requested+that结构中，谓语动词常用should+动词原形。如：It is suggested that we should think twice before we act. It is requested that we should change the old instrument. 另外，在It is necessary/important/strange/surprised that或 It is a pity/shamethat 也用 should + 动词原形 如：It is a pity that he should go without telling anyone. It is necessary that you should tell him the truth. 2. 宾语从句：在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句，以上连词都可引导宾语从句。 Everyone knows that he always gives answers and never ask questions,so he is called Mr Know-all.Its hard to say how long the operation will last.宾语从句应注意的几个问题： 当一个动词带有两个或两个以上that 引导的宾语从句时，第一个that 可以省略，但从第二个开始不可以省略。 He said (that) he would spend his winter holiday in London this year and that it would be the first time he would spend his holiday alone abroad. 当宾语从句有补语时，要用形式宾语it代替，而将宾语从句移至补语后，同时that不可省略。 We should make it clear that protecting the environment is everyones duty.We find it important that one forms a good habit. 在tell sb. that; order sb.that; remind sb.that; explain to sb. that; whisper to sb. that等结构中that一般不可省。 He told me that he was going abroad next month. He whispered to me that the man in blue is a policeman. 在be+adj.后的宾语从句中，that 可以省略。 Im glad (that) Ill see all my fiends soon. Im sure (that) he will stand on our side. 宾语从句在时态上要求与主句一致（即时态呼应），也就是说主句为一般现在时，从句可用任何时态；如主句为一般过去时，从句应应为过去时的某种相应时态。当然，从句为普遍真理和自然现象者例外. He says that he lives around the corner.He says that he once worked as a cook.He said that he would go abroad for further information. He said that the sun rises in the east.在某些动词后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，其结构为should+动词原形，should 可以省略。这些常用动词是：一个坚决要求insist; 两个命令order,command; 四个建suggest,advise,propose，recommend；四个要求ask,demand,request,require 注意：insist有两个意思“坚决要求”和“坚持认为”，前者用虚拟语气，而后者用陈述语气（实际时态）；同样suggest 也有两个意思“建议”和“表明”或“暗示”，当“建议”讲时用虚拟语气，否则用陈述语气（实际时态）。 如：He insisted that he should go to the front.(虚拟语气) He insisted that Tom was honest and hardworking.(陈述语气) She suggested that she should answer the phone immediately.(虚拟语气) The smile on her face suggested that he was satisfied with the result.(陈述语气)上述其他动词后一律用should+动词原形如 They requested that an immediate answer should be given. He ordered that the troops (should) start at once.宾语从句种类：a.动词和非谓语动词的宾语从句；b.介词后的宾语从句；c.形容词后的宾语从句.介词后宾语从句特点：_As doctors, we must pay attention to what the patients complain of.I am counting on it that you will help me.3.同位语从句：idea,fact,rumour,message,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt,proof,evid-ence，promise,probability等名词后出现的that 或wh-引导的从句作同位语，人们称之为同位语从句，同为语从句对所修饰得词起解释说明的作用。They expressed the hope that they would visit China again.There is no doubt that he is not fit for the job.The question how they could get the information was brought forward at the meeting .The government warned that the rumour that an earthquake would hit Harbin was not believable.在下列同位语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形：Ones suggestion /advice/order/requirement/request/that 如：My suggestion that we should collect money for the poor girl has been taken.4.表语从句：系动词后的从句为表语从句，除了上述引导此外。连词as if/as though, because也可以引导表语从句。 The managers suggestion is that the new products should be put in market as soon as possible. It seems /appears as if the problem has been settled. Thats what we should do. Thats where we differ. That was how we were defeated. That was when our football team was formed. That was why we decided to put off the discussion. 在下列表语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形： Ones suggestion/requirement/order is that 如：My suggestion is that we should give him another chance. Her requirement is that she should be sent to Tibet to work.四. 解题要点： _十年高考【2006-2012】英语分类汇编-名词性从句2012高考题1.It is by no means clear _the president can do to end the strike.A. how B. which C. that D. what2.Scientists study _ human brains work to make computers.A. when B. how C. that D. whether3.Evidence has been found through years of study _childrens early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up.A. why B. how C. whether D. that4.When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or_A. whoever B. wherever C. whatever D. however5.It doesnt matter_ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.A. how B. whether C. what D. why6.The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain.A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever7.It doesnt matter_ you turn right or left at the crossing- both roads lead to the park.A. whether B. how c. if D. when8.The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but_ he reached these limits will depends on his environment.A. where B. whether C. that D. why9.I made a promise to myself _this year, my first year in high school, would be different.A. whether B. what C. that D. how10.We promise_ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever11.Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt_ he could have expressed it differently.A. why B. how C. that D. whether12.As many as five curses are provided, and you are free to choose_ suits you best.A. whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever13.Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter_ you have lived there for a short or a long time.A. why B. how C. whether D. when14.It suddenly occurred to him_ he had left his keys in the office.A. whether B. where C. which D. that15.The notice came around two in the afternoon_ the meeting would be postponed.A. when B. that C. whether D. how1.【2011北京卷】_ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. WhichB. WhatC. ThatD. Whom2.【2011北京卷】The shocking news mad me realize _ terrible problems we would face. A. whatB. howC. thatD. why3.【2011上海卷】There is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A. whatB. ifC. howD. that4.【2011上海卷】The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually understand. A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what5.【2011山东卷】I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. A. that B. when C. where D. why6.【2011山东卷】Weve offered her the job, but I dont know_ shell accept it.A. where B. what C. whether D. which7.【2011江西卷】The villagers have already known _ well do is to rebuild the bridge. A. thisB. thatC. whatD. which8.【2011江苏卷】It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.A. that B. how C. when D. why9.【2011安徽卷】His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _it is he is trying to express. A. that B. how C. who D. what10.【2011四川卷】Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which11.【2011辽宁卷】Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _ to read first. A. what B. who C. how D. why12.【2011辽宁卷】When the news came _ the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army. A. since B. which C. that D. because13.【2011天津卷】Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.A. what B. which C. that D. where14.【2011陕西卷】Id like to start my own businessthats _ Id do if I had the money. A. why B. when C. which D. what15.【2011重庆卷】It is still under discussion _the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. A. whether B. when C. which D. where16.【2011重庆卷 34】It is not always easy for the public to see _ use a new invention can be of to human life.A. whose B. what C. which D. that17.【2011湖南卷】Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _the problem itself is. A. what B. that C. which D. why18.10福建We should respect food and think about the people who dont have_ we have here and treat food nicely. A. that B. which C. what D. whether19.10湖南Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew_ she was so angry. A. where B. whether C. that D. why 20.10天津As a new graduate, he doesnt know_ it takes to start a business here.A. how B. what C. When D. which21.10北京_ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. Whether B. What C. That D. How22.10浙江How about camping this weekend, just for a change?OK, _ you want. A. whichever B. however C. whateverD. whoever23.10浙江It is uncertain_side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A. that B. what C. how D. whether24.10上海One reason for her preference for city life is_she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. that B. how C. what D. why25.10山东Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which26.10上海When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know_ .A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering27.10四川How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on_he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. A. what B. who C. how D. why 28.10全国We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.A. that B. which C. what D. where29.10湖北I want to be liked and loved for I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how30.10全国Have you finished the book?-No,Ive read up to_the children discover the secret cave.A.which B.what C.hat D.where31.10江苏I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.Thats_I dont agree. You should have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what32.10北京Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether33.09湖南She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do_ it takes to save her life.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever34.09江西The fact has worried many scientists _the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though35.09北京At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see_it got any better.A. when B. how C. why D. if36.09全国ICould I speak to_ is in charge of International Sales please?A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever37.09海南One of the most important questions they had to consider was_of public healthA. what B. this C. that D. which38.09陕西The how to book can be of help to_ wants to do the job.A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever39.09上海As a new diplomat, he often thinks of _ he can react more appropriately on such occasions.A. what B. which C. that D. how40.09四川News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where41.09天津It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.A. as B. which C. whether D. that42.09浙江Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport?No problem.A.WhenB. that C. whether D. what43.09重庆We should consider the students request _ the school library provide more books on popular science.A. that B. when C. which D. where44.09江苏Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck.A. as B. that C. which D. what45.09陕西The how-to book can be of help to _wants to do the job. A who B whomever C no matter who D whoever46.09山东The little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait for her mother.A. where B. what C. how D. who47.08北京The companies are working together to create_they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who48.08天津The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why 49.08安徽Students are always interested in finding outthey can go with a new teacher.A. how far B. how soon C. how often D. how long50.08湖南When asked_ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.A.whatB.whyC.whomD.which51.08陕西Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea_ the party is to be held? A. what B. which C. that D. where52.08重庆People in Chongqing are proud of _ they have achieved in the past ten years.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how53.08浙江Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home.A. what B. that C. which D. one54.08福建_ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which55.08山东_ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As56.07全国_matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which5