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(一) 名词概述名词用来表示人或事物的名称。名词可分为专有名词和普通名词,普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词有单复数形式,不可数名词没有复数形式,也不能与不定冠词连用。在考试命题中,主要是考察可数、不可数名词的区分,以及量词修饰的使用。考试的题型主要是选择题和词性转换。另外,名词的所有格也是重要的考查部分,主要是区分s和of的用法。(二)基础知识梳理1. 名词复数形式的构成1)规则变化(1)一般名词后面加s。如:month-months,bird-birds。(2)以s,ss,x,ch,sh结尾的名词,后面加es。如:bus-buses,boss-bosses,box-boxes,match-matches,brush-brushes。(3)以o结尾的名词,有的加es,如:patato-patatoes,mango-mangoes,tomato-tomatoes;有的加s,如:radio-radios,zoo-zoos,piano-pianos。(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i再加es。如:factory-factories,city-cities。以元音字母加y结尾的名词,直接加s,如:toy-toys,day-days。(5)以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v再加es。如:knife-knives,wolf-wolves(例外:roof-roofs,chief-chiefs),scarf-scarfs或scarves。2)不规则变化(1)改元音字母,构成复数。如:man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,fisherman-fishermen,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice(例外:German-Germans,walkman-walkmans,human-humans)。(2)单复数形式一样。如:sheep-sheep,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,deer-deer,fish-fish。(3)词尾变化。如:child-children。(4)只有复数形式,无单数形式的名词。如;clothes,trousers,glasses,shoes。(5)以man和woman构成的复合名词变复数时,要采用双复数形式。如:man tourist-men tourists,woman teacher-women teachers。2. 名词的数量表达可数名词:用数词直接修饰,如:one book,three watches,200 years;与量词连用,量词与所修饰名词都要用复数形式,如:three pairs of shoes,hundreds of years;与模糊数量词连用,如:a few relatives,some people,many boys,a lot of/lots of computers,a large number of students。不可数名词:与量词连用,量词有复数形式,而不可数名词不能有复数形式。如:two loaves of bread,a bottle of water;与模糊量词连用,如:some work,a little milk,much advice/time/money,a lot of/lots of news,a large amount of information。模糊数量词修饰可数名词,有如下几个:many,a few,few,a large number of。模糊数量词修饰不可数名词,有如下几个:much,a little,little,huge amounts of,a great deal of。模糊数量词既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词,有如下几个:some,any,a lot of,lots of,plenty of,enough。3. 名词所有格1)表示有生命的名词所有格(1)单数名词加s,如:Peters bag。(2)词尾有s或es的复数名词加“”,如:the teachers office。(3)不以s或es结尾的复数名词后仍加“s”,如:Childrens Day。(4)表示时间、距离,如:todays newspaper,two hours walk。2)表示无生命的名词所有格,用of+名词所有格,如:the front gate of the City Hall,a map of China。3)表示有生命的名词所有格,也可用of+名词所有格,如:a friend of mine,a book of janes,a friend of Marys sisters。【注意】Peter and Marys desk 表示“彼得和玛丽合用的桌子”Peters and Marys desks 表示“彼得和玛丽各自的桌子”【中考英语语法汇总】代词语法讲解所属:沪江英语 难度:容易 作者:沪江英语 评论:5 阅读:7239 收藏 28看美剧生活大爆炸学英语,马上注册交流学习吧!编辑点评:中考英语里面涉及的知识点不少,为了帮助广大考生更加系统全面地复习,我们特地制作了中考语法复习汇总专题,希望对大家的复习有帮助。而今天我们要讲的就是英语中的代词。本文相关应用 贡献文章录音 贡献翻译稿 下载本文音频 背单词 鼠标划词已启用 挑错 收藏 评论 打印(一)代词概述代词用来代替名词,在句中充当主语、宾语和表语,有时还可以充当定语。代词在考试命题中主要是代词格的变化、代词单复数形式以及不定代词和it的用法等。(二)基本知识梳理1. 人称代词:主格作主语,宾格用作及物动词和介词的宾语。He often helps me.Who is at the door? Its me.The bicycle belongs to Tom and me.出现并列主语或宾语时,其排列顺序为:单数时是第二、第三、第一人称(简称231)即you,he and I或you,her and me;复数时是第一、第二、第三人称(简称123)即we,you and they或us,you and them。2. 物主代词:形容词性物主代词作定语,后加名词;而名词性物主代词等于形容词性物主代词加名词。如: This is my book. = This book is mine.名词性物主代词可做主语、宾语和表语。如:Your pen is blue. Mine is blue,too.May I use your pen? Ive lost mine.She is a classmate of his.The bike is hers.3. 反身代词:用作宾语和起强调作用。1)作宾语Help yourself to some cakes.I can look at myself in the mirror.They should think more of the public health than themselves.2)作强调We do homework by ourselves.I myself go to the airport to meet my uncle.4. 指示代词1)this,that,these,thoseWhats this(that)? Its a book.What are these(those)? They are books.this和these比较靠近,that和those稍远一点。2)it的用法(1)指物:Its a robot.(2)指自然现象: Its raining now, but it will be fine soon.(3)指时间:What time is it? Its 8 oclock.(4)指距离:Its twenty minutes walk.(5)作形式主语:Its important for us to fight pollution.It took me half an hour to finish the work.Its kind of you to say so.(6)作形式宾语: We think it necessary to relax from time to time.5. 不定代词1)some,anysome用于肯定句中,any用于否定句和疑问句中。如:There are some pens on the desk.There arent any pens on the desk.Are there any pens on the desk?Some are Chinese. Others are English.在表示请求、建议、反问等句子中,用some而不是用any。如:Would you like some drink?any也可以表示任何一个。如:Do you know any of her friends?If you have any questions, you can ask me.2)复合不定代词:something, anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone,no one,everyone,somewhere,anywhere,nowhere,everywhere这些不定代词都作单数,表示“某物”、“某人”、“某地”。(1)作主语:Someone is waiting for you.No one is in the classroom.(2)作宾语:Have you got anything to say?Did you see anything else in the classroom?(3)不定代词被形容词修饰时,定语放在它们的后面。如:Ive got something interesting to tell you.Theres nothing new in the newspaper.3)a few,few,a little,little前两者修饰可数名词,后两者修饰不可数名词。few,little表示否定,意思是几乎没有;a few,a little表示肯定,意思是还有几个、有一点。如:There is still a little time left, you neednt hurry.I cant buy anything because I have little money on me.4)both(两者都,复数),all(三者以上都,复数),neither(两者都不,单数),none(三者以上都不,单复数),either(两者中的一个,单数),both.and, neither.nor, either.or(1)作主语:Both of the twins are doctors.All of them are honest.Neither of them is a doctor.None of them is/are honest.(2)词组:Both Li Ping and I are students.Neither Li Ping nor I am a student.(3)作形容词:on both sides of the riveron either side of the river注意下面句子转化:Both of them are teachers.改成否定句是: Neither of them is a teacher.All of us are students.改成否定句是: None of us is a student. 或: None of us are students.5)one .the other(s)表示一个其余的,是有范围的;some.others 表示一

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