Chapter-1-American-Geography分析.ppt

AmericanCulture AmericanCulture Objectivesofthecourse1 HelplearnersgraspthebasicknowledgeofAmericanculture2 Improvelearner sEnglishlevelbylearningAmericanculturalknowledge Whattolearninthecourse AmericanGeographyAmericanHistoryTheformsofGovernmentAmericanLiteratureTheAmericanCharacterAmericanEducationAmericanFamilylifeRaceandEthnicRelations Chapter1AmericanGeography TheNationalAnthemandtheNationalFlagGeography TheNationalAnthem TheStar SpangledBanner 星条旗永不落 于1814年由FrancisScottKey作曲 WoodrowWilson总统于1916年下令于军中场合演奏 于1931年由国会立法通过成为国歌 国歌共包括四节 绝大多数场合只唱第一节 尤其是第三节带有反英情绪 TheStar SpangledBanner 1Oh saycanyousee bythedawn searlylight Whatsoproudlywehailedatthetwilight slastgleaming Whosebroadstripesandbrightstarsthrutheperilousfight O ertherampartswewatchedweresogallantlystreaming Andtherocket sredglare thebombsburstinginair Gaveproofthruthenightthatourflagwasstillthere Oh saydoesthatstar spangledbanneryetwaveO erthelandofthefreeandthehomeofthebrave 星条旗永不落 啊 在晨曦初现时 你可看见是什么让我们如此骄傲 在黎明的最后一道曙光中欢呼 是谁的旗帜在激战中始终高扬 烈火熊熊 炮声隆隆 我们看到要塞上那面英勇的旗帜在黑暗过后依然耸立 啊 你说那星条旗是否会静止 在自由的土地上飘舞 在勇者的家园上飞扬 TheNationalFlag TheAmericanNationalFlagistheStar SpangledBanner Inthetopleftcornerthereisthebluestararea itdots50starswithinthisareadistributinginninelinesandineachline5starsand6starsinterleaving Outsidethestarareaisthestripeareawhere13stripeslieinthisarea Thefiftystarsrepresentsthe50states thethirteenstripesstandsfortheoriginal13colonies It sgenerallyaccepted theredsymbolizescourage thewhiterepresentsfreedom andthebluecolorstandsforloyaltyandjustice USGeography LocationandsizeGeographicalfeatures Locationandsize 1 thenamesoftheUS2 thelocation3 thetotallandarea ThenamesofUS Officialname theUnitedStatesofAmerica OftencalledastheUnitedStates theU S theUS theUSA orsimplyAmerica ortheStatesinAmericanspokenEnglishItsnicknameYankee land 新英格兰 Americanlocation TheUnitedStatesissituatedinthecentralpartofNorthAmericawithitstwoyoungeststates AlaskainthenorthwesternpartofNorthAmericaandHawaiiinthecentralPacific ThecountryisboundedbyCanadaonthenorthandbyMexicoandtheGulfofMexicoonthesouthwiththeAtlanticOceanontheeastandPacificOceanonthewest Thetotallandarea Thetotalareaofthecountryismorethan9 3millionsquarekilometers thefourthlargestcountryintheworld smallerthanRussia CanadaandChinaandthetotalpopulationismorethan300millionnow Thewholecountryincludes50statesandafederaldistrict Washington D C 华盛顿哥伦比亚特区 D CmeansDistrictofColumbia whichistheseatoftheFederalGovernment 50statesandtheircapitals statescapitals亚拉巴马Alabama AL蒙哥马利Montgomery阿拉斯加Alaska AK朱诺Juneau亚利桑那Arizona AZ菲尼克斯Phoenix阿肯色Arkansas AR小石城Littlerock加利福尼亚California CA萨克拉门托Sacramento科罗拉多Colorado CO丹佛Denver康涅狄格Connecticut CT哈特福德Hartford特拉华Delaware DE多佛Dover佛罗里达Florida FL塔拉哈西Tallahassee佐治亚Georgia GA亚特兰大Atlanta夏威夷Hawaii HI檀香山Honolulu爱达荷Idaho ID博伊西Boise伊利诺伊Illinois IL斯普林菲尔德Springfield印第安纳Indiana IN印第安纳波利斯Indianapolis艾奥瓦Iowa IA得梅因DesMoines堪萨斯Kansas KS托皮卡Topeka肯塔基Kentucky KY法兰克福Frankfort路易斯安那Louisiana LA巴吞鲁日BatonRouge缅因Maine ME奥古斯塔Augusta马里兰Maryland MD安纳波利斯Annapolis马萨诸塞Massachusetts MA波士顿Boston密歇根Michigan MI兰辛Lansing明尼苏达Minnesota MN圣保罗St Paul 密西西比Mississippi MS杰克逊Jackson密苏里Missouri MO杰斐逊城JeffersonCity蒙大拿Montana MT海伦娜Helena内布拉斯加Nebraska NE林肯Lincoln内华达Nevada NV卡森城CarsonCity新罕布什尔Newhampshire NH康科德Concord新泽西Newjersey NJ特伦顿Trenton新墨西哥Newmexico NM圣菲SantaFe纽约Newyork NY奥尔巴尼Albany NewYork thelargestcityinUSA islocated 北卡罗来Northcarolina NC纳罗利Raleigh北达科他Northdakota ND俾斯麦Bismarck俄亥俄Ohio OH哥伦布Columbus俄克拉何马Oklahoma OK俄克拉何马城OklahomaCity俄勒冈Oregon OR塞勒姆Salem宾夕法尼亚Pennsylvania PA哈里斯堡Harrisburg罗得岛Rhodeisland RL普罗维登斯Providence南卡罗来纳Southcarolina SC哥伦比亚Columbia南达科他Southdakota SD皮尔Pierre田纳西Tennessee TN纳什维尔Nashville得克萨斯Texas TX奥斯汀Austin犹他Utah UT盐湖城SaltLakeCity佛蒙特Vermont VT蒙彼利埃Montpelier弗吉尼亚Virginia VA里士满Richmond华盛顿Washington WA奥林匹亚Olympia西弗吉尼亚Westvirginia WV查尔斯顿Charleston威斯康星Wisconsin WI麦迪逊Madison怀俄明Wyoming WY夏延Cheyenne 2 HowmanystatesarethereintheU S Whichoneisthelargestandwhichoneisthesmallest In1959AlaskaandHawaiibecamethe49thandthe50thAlaska thelargestinareaandRhodeIsland 罗得岛州 thesmallest onthemainland Texasisthelargest Geographicalfeatures 1 threegeographicaldivisions2 threemajorriversystems3 climate4 territory ThreeGeographicalDivisionstheeasternpartthewesternpartthegreatcentralplaininbetween TheeasternpartismadeupofthehighlandsformedbytheAppalachianRange 阿巴拉契亚山脉 Itholdsonesixthofthenationalterritoryonthecontinent Thesehighlandsarerelativelylow Theaveragealtitudeisonly800metersabovesealevel TheWesternpartconsistsofhighplateausandmountainsformedbytheGreatCordilleraRange 大科迪勒拉山系 Fromwesttoeast thismountainsystemiscomposedoftheCoastRange 沿岸山脉 theCascades 喀斯喀特山脉 andtheRockyMountains 落基山脉 Thewholeareaofthispartholdsonethirdofthecountry sterritoryonthecontinent BetweentheRockyMountainsandtheAppalachiansliesthecentralplainwhichoccupiesonesecondofAmerica slandmassonthecontinent ItstretchesfromtheGreatLakesinthenorthtotheGulfofMexicointheSouth DrainedbytheMississippianditstributaries theeasternpartofthecentralplainisthemostimportantagriculturalareaintheUS TheThreeMajorRiverSystem 1 TheMississippiRiveristhelongestandthemostimportantriverinthesystemoftheGulf 2 TherearenolongriversinthesystemoftheAtlantic 大西洋水系 SomeimportantriversareHudsonRiver NewYorkisonthisriver PotomacRiver Washingtonisonthisriver andtheSt LawrenceRiver 3 InthesystemofPacific therearetwomajorrivers theColumbiaRiverandtheColoradoRiver TheFiveGreatLakes ThefiveGreatLakeslyingbetweentheboundaryofCanadaandtheUnitedStatesare LakeMichigan whollywithintheUnitedStates LakeSuperior LakeErie LakeHuronandLakeOntario NiagaraFalls InnorthernUtah thereisalakecalledtheGreatSaltLake ItisthelargestinlandsaltlakeinnorthAmerica NaturalResources Thenationissituatedbetweentwogreatoceans theAtlanticandthePacific Fromtheeasttothewestcoastisadistanceofabout4 500kilometersandabout2 575kilometersfromthenortherntothesouthernborderlines Ofthetotallandarea about29 isforested 26 4 isgrassland and17 isusedforcrops Italsohasmanynaturalresourcessuchascoal iron petroleum lead copper 铜 andotherusefulmetals MostoftheoilreserveisfoundalongthecoastoftheGulfofMexico inthenorthernpartofTexas thenorthwesternpartofLouisiana Kansas OkalahomaandthesouthernpartofArkansas Italsohasalargedepositofironore ismainlyminedintheAppalachiansandtheGreatLakesregionofMinnesotaandMichigan Italsohasarichwaterpowerresources comingmainlyfromtheriversandlakestalkedabove Climate Thecountryismainlysituatedinthenortherntemperatezone Butowingtoitslargesizeandvariedlandforms theclimateintheUSvariesfromwarmwetconditionsoftheAppalachianMountainstothewarm dryconditionsofsomeofthewesternstates itrangesfromalmostwinterlessclimatesinSouthernArizonaandSouthernFloridatolong verycoldwintersinAlaska Ahumidcontinentalclimateisfoundinthenorth easternpartofthecountry NewEngland Theweatherishotinsummerandcoldinwinterinthatregionwithplentyofrainfallandsnow Thesouth easternUnitedStatesenjoysahumidsubtropicalclimate Thesummersareusuallyhotandwintersmild ThesouthernpartoftheFloridapeninsular 半岛 isfavoredwithtropicalhumidweather ThereisnowinterhereandMiamiBeachattractsmanytouristseveryyear Semi arid dry andaridconditionsprevailintheinlandplateausincludingmuchoftheareabetweentheCascade SierraNevada 内华达 ranges theRockies andpartsofNevada Utah Arizona NewMexico southeasternCaliforniaandsouthwesternTexas Territory TheUnitedStatestodayisthefourthlargestcountryinsizeintheworld Whenthecoloniesgainedtheirindependenceandsetupthenewcountry200yearsago therewere however only13states locatedalongtheAtlanticinanarrowstrip Alongwiththerapidgrowthofthecountry theexternalexpansionandaggressionproceededonformorethanacentury resultingintheUnitedStates Besidestheoriginal13colonies theareaeasttotheMississippiRiverbecamepartofAmericaintheTreatyofParisbetweenBritainandtheU S in1783 In1803 theUnitedStatestookadvantageoftheEuropeanWarandpurchasedthevastareaofLouisianafromNapoleonwith 15 000 000 Thenationalterritorywasdoubledwiththisaddition AsaresultoftheU S MexicanWarbreakingoutin1846 avastareaoftheMexicanterritorywasturnedtotheU S HalfoftheentireterritoryofMexicowasthuslost In1867 AmericapurchasedthepresentstateofAlaskafromRussia Itisnowthelargeststateinthecountry TheHawaiianIslandsfellintotheUS controlin1889 Thestoryoftheadditionofnewstatesinthe19thcenturyisalsothestoryoftheconquestofthewest withthewagons 四轮马车 andthentherailroads thecowboysandthesheriffs 地方行政司法长官 andthatpieceofhumanexperiencewhichtheWesternmoviesconstantlyrevives Exceptforthelasttwostates AlaskaandHawaii alltheother48statesareonthemainland Theycanroughlybedividedintosixregions NewEngland theMiddleAtlanticStates theSouthwestRegion theMidwestRegion theGreatPlains TheWesternRegion TheNewEnglandRegion Consistsofsixstates Maine NewHampshire Vermont Massachusetts RhodeIslandandConnecticut Thisregionisfeaturedwithmountains valleys rivers1 alonghistory thebirthplaceofAmerica2 chiefcenteroftheAmericanWarofIndependence3 thefirstindustrialarea4 somefamousuniversities Harvard Yale MIT5 maincities Boston ThestatueofJohnHarvard whose400thbirthdaywascelebratedinNovember2007 keepsawatchfuleyeonpassersbyinHarvardYardonasnowyday YaleUniversity TheMiddleAtlanticStates Sixstates NewYork NewJersey Pennsylvania Maryland DelawareandWestVirginia1 1 5ofthepopulation2 highlyindustrializedandthenervecenterofthecountry capital NewYork busiestports financial manufacturingandtransportationcenter 3 maincities Philadelphia Delaware TheSouthwestRegion Consistsof8states Virginia NorthCarolina SouthCarolina Georgia Florida Alabama Mississippi Tennessee Kentucky LouisianaandArkansasIngeneral awarmclimate calledasSunnySouthPlantation cottonMaincities NewOrleans Atlanta Birmingham TheMidwestRegion Consistsof8states Ohio Michigan Indiana Illinois Wisconsin Missouri IowaandMinnesotaOneoftherichestsectionofthewholeUnitedStates largemineralresources richsoil agoodclimate fertileplains somelargeandimportantrivers transportation Maincities Chicago Illinois Detroit motorcity Michigan TheGreatPlain Consistsofsixstates NorthDakota SouthDakota Nebraska Kansas OklahomaandTexasSmallpopulation fewlargecities vastnessofflatland anddifferentclimatefromnorthtosouth poorsoil andlittleraininmanypartsIndianswerethenativeshere Aboutone fifthofthecountry sIndiansarenowlivinginthestateofOklahoma TheWesternRegion 11states Montana Wyoming Colorado NewMexico Idaho Utah Nevada Arizona Washington OregonandCaliforniaVariousnaturaladvantages Californiadominatesthisregion Ithasrichnaturalresources fertileland well establishedindustryandlargepopulation Itisthefirststateinthecountrytointroducegoldminingandthemanufactureofairplanes Famouscities LosAngeles SanFranciscoinCalifornia largestChinesesettlementinUS California Californiaisblessedwithattractivesceneryandmildclimate Ithasfertilelandforthegrowingoforangesandgrapes Moreimportantaretheelectronicsindustry airplanefactories defenseplantsofmanykindsandawholenewindustrialcomplex 综合企业 Californiaisregardedasthepromisedlandbymanypeopletofulfilltheirgoals Hollywood aplacefamousforitsfilmindustry isinCalifornia ItisanimportantinstitutionforconveyingimagesandmythsaboutAmericantoeverycorneroftheworld YellowstoneNationalPark 黄石国家公园 Wyoming怀俄明州 LocatedinthenorthernpartofWyoming ItistheoldestnationalparkintheworldandthelargestwildlifepreserveintheU S A OldFaithful geyser 老忠实喷泉 ThemostfamousgayerinYellowstoneNationalPark eruptingmorethanl00feetintheairaboutevery73minutes GrandCanyon 大峡谷 Arizona InnorthernArizona 亚利桑那州 oneofthegreatnaturalwondersoftheworld Itmeasuresabout277mileslong upto18mileswide andmorethanamiledeep Itswallsshowlayersthattellthestoryoftheformationoftheearth YosemiteNationalParkInCalifornia ittakesabout4hourstodrivetherefromSanFrancisco USPEOPLE PopulationItisthethirdmostpopulousnationintheworld rankingbehindChinaandIndia Itspopulationnowreached300milliononOctober 17 2006 upfrom200millionin1967 Whitepeopleconstitute74 7 Blacks12 1 Asians4 3 NativeAmericans0 8 Byasearlyas2043 thecensusbureaupredicts therewillbe400millionAmericans SuchrapidgrowthisuniqueamongWesterncountries Thedistributionofthepopulationisratheruneven Themostdenselypopulatedregionisthenortheasternpartofthecountry Theregiontakesupaboutonequarterofthetotallandarea butabouthalfofthepopulationislivinghere Thewestisnotdenselypopulated exceptforsomemetropolitan 大都市的 centersasLosAngelesandSanFrancisco AtpresenttheWesthasabout20 ofthenation spopulationbutisexpectedtogrowfasterthananyotherregioninAmerica NationofImmigrants Itisanationofimmigrants Inthelast4centuries 55millionpeoplehaveimmigratedtothiscountry TheUnitedStateswasdescribedasa meltingpot wherevariousracialandethnicgroupswerecombinedintooneculture Recently theyhavebeencalleda salad inthatpeopleofdifferentracesandethnicgroupsmixharmoniouslybutatthesametimekeeptheirdistinctcultureandcustom Thenatives AboutonethirdoftheallNativeAmericansnowliveonreservationsandtheothersliveincities Povertyandunemploymentarethemajorproblemsforthem especiallyonreservations SpecificCities WashingtonD C NewYorkCityMiamiChicagoLosAngelesSeattle WashingtonD C Thenation scapital islocatedbetweenMarylandandVirginiainthehumidsubtropicalzone Theimportanttouristattractions theWhiteHouse UScapitol thenationalZooandthenationalAirandSpaceMuseum NewYorkCity InNewYorkstate themostpopulatedcityintheUSA knownaroundtheworldforitsbroadrangeofentertainment includingtheGreatWhiteway 不夜街 athinstripofManhattancontainingmorethan35Broadway theatersofferingnightlyperformancesspanningopera jazz thelatestpopularforms theUnitednationsisLocatedhere Itsnicknameis thebigApple aphraseusedbyjazzmusicianstoexplaintheultimateinachievement sizeandexcitement Miami inFlorida thesouthern mostcity exclusiveHawaii Itattractsmanytouristsandretireestoitsbeaches particularlyinwinter Chicago InIllinois thethirdmostpopulatedUScity Heavyandlightindustriesarehighlydeveloped makingChicagothelargestindustrialcityinthenation Ithasbeenfamousforitslabormovements becausethousandsofworkersprotestedthereonMay1st 1886 May1stisnowInternationalLaborDay LosAngeles InCalifornia thewest coast scenterforbusiness technology cultureandinternationaltrade hometomanyofAmericantraditionalindustries movie television recordedmusicandfast growingnewelectronicmedia Hollywoodislocatedhere Seattle InWashingtonstate whi