中美司法制度的不同(英文版).ppt

What What sthedifferencebetweentheAmericanjudicialsystemandtheChineseone What sthedifferencebetweentheAmericanjudicialsystemandtheChineseone 主讲人 DIFFERENCE Betweenthelawyers Betweenthedisposingoftestimony Betweenthejurysystem Betweenthejudgesystem Betweentheinterviewwithwitness Differencebetweenthelawyers Thedifferencebetweentypes Thedifferencebetweenrights Thedifferencebetweenprofessionalrequirements Types Lawyerinlawoffice America Publiclawyer Privatelawyer America Publiclawyer China Professionallawyer Part timelawyer Rights Americalawyershaveanirreplaceableeffect Noonebutonlylawyerswithlocallicensehavetherightofadvocacyandappeal ChinaCitizenscanhavetherightofadvocacywithoutcharginganyagencyfee ProfessionalRequirements Americaeverystateshaveitsownlawnounifiedlawyers qualificationtest Differentstateshavedifferentrequirement ChinaUnifiedlawyers qualificationtest Differencebetweenthedisposingoftestimony IntheAmericaThestepsofdisposingtestimony Collecting Expositing Affirming Lawyers Jury InChina theprocedureofcollectingiscalled TestimonyAcceptance EvidencesareprovidedmandatorilywithcertainconditionsThewayevidencesiscollectedispassiveLawyersmayseizesomeresponsibilityfromthejudge ThedifferencesofJurySystem NO1 connotationNO2 thequalificationofthejurorsNO3 ScopeofapplicationNO4 JuryselectionNO5 thetermofofficeofthejurors ThedifferencesofJurySystem America 是指特定人数的有选举权的公民参与决定是否起诉嫌犯 并对案件作出判决的制度 China 是中国的一项基本诉讼制度 是指国家审判机关吸收普通公民参与刑事 民事 行政案件审判的制度 NO1 connotation ThedifferencesofJurySystem America 从理论上讲 每个美国成年公民都有担任陪审员的资格 但是不满21岁 不在本土居住 不通晓英语及听力有缺陷的人 有犯罪前科者 没有资格充当陪审团成员 China 中国公民 拥护宪法 满23周岁 品行良好 公道正派 身体健康 一般应具有大学专科以上文化程度 人民代表大会常务委员会的组成人员 人民法院 人民检察院 公安机关 国家安全机关 司法行政机关的工作人员和执业律师等人员 以及因犯罪受过刑事处罚的人员和被开除公职的人员 不得担任人民陪审员 NO2 thequalificationofthejurors ThedifferencesofJurySystem America isaconstitutionalsystemappliestothetrialandtheprosecution China isalitigationsystemonlyappliestothetrial notincludingtheprosecution NO3 Scopeofapplication ThedifferencesofJurySystem NO4 Juryselection America 经过以下程序1 法官从当地选民中随机挑选一定数量的人 写信询问是否可担任本案陪审员 2 问卷方式审查是否具备本案陪审员的资格 3 通过 二选 的人在指定时间接受 庭选法官对候选人提问之后要做出决定 China 通过一定程序的考核并经过权力机关的任命赋予陪审员以权力 选任的人民陪审员要经过一定的法律专业知识培训 在具体个案的审理时由法院从适格的陪审员名单中随机抽取确定 ThedifferencesofJurySystem NO5 thetermofofficeofthejurors America Usually they re temporaryworkers andareonlyinvolvedinonecaseHavenowage China Thetermofofficeis5yearsWage 600 1000permonth ThedifferencesbetweenAmericanjudgesystemandchinesejudgesystem Thedifferences Judge sselectionsystem Judge ssecuritysystem Judge sdisciplinarysystem Judge sselectionsystem America China U S citizensgraduatefromoneAmericanuniversitylawschoolandacquireaJDdegreeworkedasalawyerforanumberofyears atleast23yearsold ownsalegalprofessionalbachelor sdegreeoraboveornon legalprofessionalbachelor sdegreebuthavelegalprofessionalknowledge haveonetothreeyears legalpracticepasstheNationalJudicialExamination IntheAmericaitwilllivethroughlongandhardperiodstobecomeanotablejudge Itnotonlyrequireshighlevellegalknowledgebutlongtime slegalpractice atleast3 5years thejudgesinAmericanaregenerallymorematureandreasonablethanthatinourcountry Judge ssecuritysystem LOGO China America lifelongtenuresetuphighsalarysystemthejudges behaviorandaddressintheprocesstoperformtheirjudicialfunctionarefreefromaccusation notregulatethetermofofficeofjudgesandalsodidn tlistthereasonsforremovaldefinitelyjudges materialtreatmentgenerallyappliedtothesamestandardwiththeordinarystaff Judge sdisciplinarysystem LOGO China America madeaspeciallawithavetherighttowarnorstoptheworkofthejustice buthavenorighttodeprivethejudgequalification iftheviolationconstitutesacrime thejudgeshouldundertakecriminalresponsibility Thesanctionscontain warning demerit seriousdemerit demotion removalfromofficeatthesametime lowerwagesandgrades 5 Thewitness 证人出庭制度 America forcethewitnesstotestifyincourt China Undervolitionalcontrolwhethertoappearincourtasawitness Non mandatory 如果证人拒不出庭作证 对拒绝作证的证人可以逮捕 必要时可以处以藐视法庭罪 Thequalificationofwitness America noclearconceptAnyonewhocanprovideinformationrelevanttothecaseinalitigation 诉讼 iscalledwitnessIncludingthelitigant 当事人 andexpertwitness 专家证人 China Thethirdpersonexceptthesubjectoflitigation