Pragmatics-1.ppt

WelcometoPragmatics MelodyGuangzhouUniversitymelodyjhx Warm up Whatdoyouknowaboutpragmatics pragma aLatinroot means act or action asabranchoflinguisticstudy Whathaveyoulearnedinyourlinguisticcourse Whatdoyouexpectfrompragmaticscourse AnIntroductiontoPragmatics LeadinWhatispragmatics Pragmatics Syntax SemanticsObjectivesofpragmaticsApplicationofpragmaticsWhatdowecoverinpragmatics RecommendedReferences Whatcanyougetfromthefollowingexamples Whythetwochildrenmisunderstandtheirparents Eg1 一个小男孩走进家门 母亲 宝宝 把脚擦干净 男孩脱去泥污的鞋袜 在垫子上认真地擦拭自己的脚丫子 Eg2 一个三岁的小女孩撩起裙子 向客人展示她的新内裤 父亲试图予以阻止 父亲 我们可不这么做 女孩 我知道 爸爸 因为你们不穿裙子 Leadin Discussion 1 A Areyoucomingtothelecturethismorning B It sonlinguistics Qs 1 WhatdoesBwanttocommunicate 2 HowcanAgettoknowwhatBmeans 3 Whatfactorsareinvolvedinmakingtheinference etc APrivateConversationLastweekIwenttothetheatre Ihadaverygoodseat Theplaywasveryinteresting Ididnotenjoyit Ayoungmanandayoungwomanweresittingbehindme Theyweretalkingloudly Igotveryangry Icouldnotheartheactors Iturnedround Ilookedatthemanandthewomanangrily Theydidnotpayanyattention Intheend Icouldnotbearit Iturnedroundagain Ican thearaword Isaidangrily It snoneofyourbusiness theyoungmansaidrudely Thisisaprivateconversation NewConceptEnglish BookIILesson1 WhatisPragmatics PlsreadP3QWhatarethefourareasthatpragmaticsisconcerned 4areasthatpragmaticsisconcerned 1 Pragmaticsisthestudyofspeakermeaning2 Pragmaticsisthestudyofcontextualmeaning 3 Pragmaticsisthestudyofhowmoregetsthansaid 4 Pragmaticsisthestudyoftheexpressionofrelativedistance Yule1996 3 Whenadiplomatsay yes hemeans perhaps whenhesays perhapshemeans no andwhenhesays no heisnodiplomatWhenaladysays no shemeans perhaps whenshesays perhaps shemeans yes andwhenshesays yes sheisnolady Voltaire thestudyofspeakermeaning whatpeoplemeanbywhattheysay thestudyofmeaningascommunicatedbyaspeaker orwriter andinterpretedbyalistener orreader thestudyofcontextualmeaning howcontextdeterminesmeaningandshapesthewaymeaningisconveyed Originof pragmatics Pragma latinroot act action Pragmaticsisanewbranch Theterm Pragmatics wasfirstusedbyanAmericanphilosopherCharlesWilliamMorrisinhisbookFoundationsoftheTheoryofSign 1938 whichismainlyaboutsemioticsanddividessemioticsintothreedivisions i e Semantics SyntaxandPragmatics Pragmatics asanindependentdisciplineoflinguistics appearedin1970swiththepublicationofJournalofPragmaticsinNetherlandsin1977 AndtheInternationalPragmaticsAssociation IPrA cameintobeingin1985 History What sthedifferencebetweenPragmatics Syntax andSemantics PlsreadP4 Morris Davis thestudyoftherelationshipsbetweenlinguisticformsandtheusersofthoseforms C Morris 1938 FoundationsoftheTheoryofSigns Chicago UniversityofChicagoPress Compare syntax thestudyoftherelationshipsbetweenlinguisticforms howtheyarearrangedinsequenceandwhichsequencesarewell formed semantics thestudyoftherelationshipsbetweenlinguisticformsandentitiesintheworld howwordsliterallyconnecttothings Discussion A Areyoucomingtothelecturethisafternoon B It sonpragmatics Qs 1 WhatdoesBwanttocommunicate 2 HowcanAgettoknowwhatBmeans 3 Whatfactorsareinvolvedinmakingtheinference etc APrivateConversationLastweekIwenttothetheatre Ihadaverygoodseat Theplaywasveryinteresting Ididnotenjoyit Ayoungmanandayoungwomanweresittingbehindme Theyweretalkingloudly Igotveryangry Icouldnotheartheactors Iturnedround Ilookedatthemanandthewomanangrily Theydidnotpayanyattention Intheend Icouldnotbearit Iturnedroundagain Ican thearaword Isaidangrily It snoneofyourbusiness theyoungmansaidrudely Thisisaprivateconversation NewConceptEnglish BookIILesson1 Pragmatics thestudyoflanguageinuseorcontext 对语境中语言运用的研究 Cf Semanticsvs Pragmatics context Semantics thestudyofmeaningismorecloselyrelatedtothelinguisticforms moreconstantandinherent Pragmatics thestudyofmeaningismorecloselyrelatedtothecontext moreindeterminate speaker smeaning utterancemeaningorcontextualmeaning Themeaningdependson context 2010年10月16日晚 一辆黑色轿车在河北大学校区内撞倒两名女生一死一伤 司机不但没有停车 反而继续去校内宿舍楼接女友 返回途中被学生和保安拦下 该肇事者不但没有关心伤者 甚至态度冷漠嚣张 高喊 有本事你们告去 我爸是李刚 后经证实了解 该男子名为李启铭父亲李刚是保定市某公安分局副局长 此事一出迅速成为网友和媒体热议的焦点 我爸是李刚 语句也迅速成为网络最火的流行语 Semantics WhatdoesXmean XmeansY Pragmatics WhatdoyoumeanbyX SmeansYbyX Semantics wordmeaningandsentencemeaning theconceptualmeaning abstractmeaningandcontext independentmeaning Pragmatics utterance sorspeaker smeaning themeaninginlanguageuseandwhichiscontextdependentandconcrete semantics wordmeaningandsentencemeaning whichistheconceptualmeaningandwhichiscontextindependentPragmatics utteranceorspeaker smeaning whichisthemeaninginlanguageuseandwhichiscontextdependent Semanticsisthestudyofsentencesandpragmaticsthestudyofutterancesofthesesentences e g 1 Myhusbandwillbebacksoon Meaninginsemantics Thehusbandofthespeakerwillcometotheplacewherethespeakeris inashorttimeafterthespeakersaysthesentence Meaninginpragmatics apromise threateningorarequest What rethesemanticmeaningandpragmaticmeaningofthefollowing 1 ThebagI mcarryingisabitheavy 2 TodayisSunday MoreExamples 小丽 你们老板人还不错吧 小茜 他系粉红色的领带 莎莎 你觉得这儿的汉堡味道怎么样 小勇 莎莎 汉堡就是汉堡 小丽 他穿衣服的品位很好 小茜 他系粉红色的领带 莎莎 这儿的汉堡跟别处有什么不同吗 小勇 莎莎 汉堡就是汉堡 MicropragmaticsReferenceDeixisAnaphoraPresupposition MacropragmaticsSpeechActtheoryThecooperativePrincipleThepolitenessPrinciple Objectivesofpragmatics investigateanddescribethepatterns regularities principlesandrulesoflanguageuse usage makesenseoflanguageuseindifferenttypesofcontext explainlanguageusefromadynamicperspective explorethesocial psychologicalandcognitiveconstraintsandmechanismsunderlyinglanguageuse productionandcomprehension analyzeandexplaintheeffectoftheinteractionbetweenlanguageuseandlanguagesystem betweenlanguageuseanddiscoursestructure languageuseandsocialstructure etc Objectives TohaveageneralviewofpragmaticsTogetwell informedaboutthetheoriesofpragmaticsTodevelopyourawarenessoftheuseoflanguageinlinguisticcommunication Applications pragmaticapproachto foreignlanguageteaching SLA FLA languagetesting cross cultural intercultural interpersonal communication translation advertising literaryanalysis socialadministration businessnegotiation propaganda etc Somewell knowntheoriesandprinciplesofpragmatics SpeechActTheory言语行为理论J Austin IndirectSpeechActTheory间接言语行为理论J Searle CooperativePrinciplesandConversationalImplicatureTheory合作原则和会话含义理论H P Grice FaceSavingTheory面子论Brown Levinson PolitenessPrinciple礼貌原则G Leech RelevanceTheory关联理论Sperbe Wilson TheQ andR principles霍恩两原则LaurenceHorn TheQ I andM principles列文森三原则S Levinson AdaptationTheory顺应论Verschueren Salientfigures Morris Austin Searle Grice Levinson Mey HuangYan Horn Thomas Leech SperberandWilson Green Grundy Blakemore BrownandLevinson Davis Yule Verschueren Morgan Leech Stalnaker Kasper Blum Kulka Wierzbicka Schiffrin Ariel Carston Drew Culpeper Haugh etc 何自然 沈家煊 胡壮麟 何兆熊 钱冠连 徐盛桓 顾曰国 熊学亮 姜望琪 张绍杰 冉永平 何刚 张克定 牛宝义 廖美珍 文旭 向明友 吴亚欣 于国栋 洪岗 侯国金 曾衍桃 刘绍忠 等等 Somereferencebooksonpragmatics 1 UnderstandingPragmatics J Verschueren London Arnold 1999 2 Pragmatics J Peccei Routledge 1999 3 Pragmatics G Yule Oxford OUP 1996 4 Relevance CognitionandCommunication D SperberandD Wilson Oxford BasilBlackwell 1986 1995 5 PragmaticsinLanguageTeaching Rose K G Kasper eds Cambridge CambridgeUniversityPress 2001 6 InterlanguagePragmatics Kasper G Blum Kulka eds OxfordUniversityPress 1993 7 DoingPragmatics P Grundy London EdwardArnold 1995 8 Pragmatics AnIntroduction J Mey Oxford Blackwell 1993 9 Cross culturalPragmatics Blum Kulka HouseandKasper eds Norwood NJ Ablex 1989 10 Politeness someuniversalsinlanguageusage P BrownandS Levinson Cambridge CUP 1987 11 PrinciplesofPragmatics G Leech London Longman 1983 12 Pragmatics S Levinson Cambridge CUP 1983 13 SemanticsandPragmatics MeaninginLanguageandDiscourse K M Jaszczolt PearsonEducationLimited 2002 北京大学出版社 2004