shelleyandkeats.ppt

PercyByssheShelley 1792 1822 Alastor written1815 wasfollowedbytheepicTheRevoltofIslam andby1818ShelleywaslivinginItaly HereheproducedTheCenci thesatireonWordsworth PeterBelltheThird1819 andPrometheusUnbound Otherworksoftheperiodare OdetotheWestWind 1819 TheCloud and TheSkylark both1820 TheSensitivePlant and TheWitchofAtlas Epipsychidion and onthedeathofthepoetKeats Adonais 1821 thelyricdramaHellas1822 andtheproseDefenceofPoetry1821 Shelley sWorks Death InJuly1822ShelleywasdrownedwhilesailingnearViareggio andhisasheswereburiedinRome DefinitionsofOde a OdeAnodeisapoemofcelebration TheHoratianode namedfortheclassicalRomanpoetHorace isregular eachstanzahasthesameform ThePindaricode namedfortheGreekpoetPindar isirregular aninconsistentnumberoffeetineachverse forinstance orvariationfromstanzatostanza b OdeApoeminpraiseofsomethingdivineorexpressingsomenobleidea OwildWestWind thoubreathofAutumn sbeing Thou fromwhoseunseenpresencetheleavesdeadAredriven likeghostsfromanenchanterfleeing Yellow andblack andpale andhecticred Pestilence strickenmultitudes Othou WhochariotesttotheirdarkwintrybedThewingedseeds wheretheyliecoldandlow Eachlikeacorpsewithinitsgrave untilThineazuresisteroftheSpringshallblowHerclariono erthedreamingearth andfill Drivingsweetbudslikeflockstofeedinair Withlivinghuesandodoursplainandhill WildSpirit whichartmovingeverywhere Destroyerandpreserver hear Ohear OdetotheWestWind Makemethylyre evenastheforestis Whatifmyleavesarefallinglikeitsown ThetumultofthymightyharmoniesWilltakefrombothadeepautumnaltone Sweetthoughinsadness Bethou Spiritfierce Myspirit bethoume impetuousone DrivemydeadthoughtsovertheuniverseLikewitheredleaves toquickenanewbirth And bytheincantationofthisverse Scatter asfromanunextinguishedhearthAshesandsparks mywordsamongmankind BethroughmylipstounawakenedearthThetrumpetofaprophecy OWind IfWintercomes canSpringbefarbehind OdetotheWestWind OdetotheWestWind isShelley smostfamousshortpoem Itisaninvocation 符咒 foranunseenforcetotakecontrolandrevivelife ItwasfirstcomposedonOctober19 1819 inspiredbyawalkinwoodlandnearFlorence anditwasfirstpublishedinAugust 1920withPrometheusUnbound Ode isuniqueinitsstructureanditsuseofthecomplicatedterzarima 三行诗节 whichhasarhymeschemeofaba bcb cdc ded ee Eachofthefivestanzasofthepoemiscomposedoffourteenlines fourtercetsandacouplet Thisgiveseachstanzaacompactnessandsolidarityuntoitself Interpretation Thepersonalconflictsexplaintheimageryofdeathanddecayinthefirststanzaofthepoem Thepoemcallsforamythicalpowertoinspireandinducechangeor anewBirth ItisabouttheregenerativepowersofNaturetobringforthnotonlynewlifebutalsopoeticinspiration Thecallforinspirationcomesintheformlikeaprayer nottoaChristianGod buttoanunseenspiritualforcewhichhasthesameomnipresenceandpowerasagod Shelley soriginaldraftsof Ode hadmarkeddifferencesfromthewayreadersseeittoday Thenotebooksshowthattheoriginallastlinetothepoemendednotinaquestionbutinanassertion WhenWintercomes Springlagsnotfarbehind However Shelleylaterchangedthisstatementintoarhetoricalquestion OWind IfWintercomes canSpringbefarbehind Byendingwithaquestion Shelleydrawsinthereadertodeveloptheirthoughtsonthecreativeprocessandofpoliticalchange ThelastlineshowsShelley soptimismaboutSpringandregeneration Interpretation Athistime Shelleywasknownmoreforhisradicalphilosophicalandpoliticalviewsthanforhispoetry Whilehispoliticalandphilosophicalviewsweredeterminedbeforehewastwenty itishispoetrythatheismostrememberedfor hisbeautiful elegiclyricalpoetryandlinesmakehimascionoftheRomantics Duringhislife Shelleyseemedtohavebeentornbetweenfollowinghispoeticalpursuitsorhisphilosophicalones hiswife MaryShelley writesthatherhusband deliberatedatonetimewhetherheshoulddedicatehimselftopoetryormetaphysics andheresolvedontheformer However Shelleyfoundanequilibriuminwhichhewasabletoincorporateboth Hispoemsseldomdonotrepresentsomesortofphilosophicalideology Interpretation Unit4JohnKeats 1795 1821 JohnKeats Athingofbeautyisajoyforever Itslovelinessincreases itwillneverPassintonothingness Endymion Booki Criticalreceptionofhispoetry notmuchreadduringhislifetime harshlyjudgedbycritics beliefarosethatnegativecriticismhastenedhisdeath seeNortonp 767forrefutationofthistheory KeatswrotetohisbrotherGeorge IthinkIshallbeamongtheEnglishpoetsaftermydeath butwrotethisforhisownepitaph Hereliesonewhosenamewaswritinwater reputation likeBlake s establishedbylaterVictorians Tennysonconsideredhimthegreatestpoetofthe19thC theVictoriancriticArthurHallam editorandclosefriendofTennyson contrastedKeatsandShelleyaspoetsof sensation withWordsworthasapoetof reflection literarycriticismatfirstechoedthisjudgment focusingonthephilosophicalimplicationsofWordsworth swriting butlimitingdiscussionofKeatstotheaestheticaspectsofhispoetry Keatsbegantobetreatedasaseriousthinkerandliterarytheoristwiththepublicationofhislettersinthetwentiethcentury seeNortonp 828 PoeticTheory Letters Keatsdidnot likeWordsworth articulateaformalpoetictheory buthewroteinformallytohisfriendsabouttheideasthatmostexcitedhim theimagination therelationbetweenthoughtandsensation thepoet sidentity DefinitionsofOde a OdeAnodeisapoemofcelebration TheHoratianode namedfortheclassicalRomanpoetHorace isregular eachstanzahasthesameform ThePindaricode namedfortheGreekpoetPindar isirregular aninconsistentnumberoffeetineachverse forinstance orvariationfromstanzatostanza b OdeApoeminpraiseofsomethingdivineorexpressingsomenobleidea In OdeonaGrecianUrn EnglishpoetJohnKeatsexpresseshisappreciationofthebeautyandagelessnessofaworkbyaGrecianartisan OdeonaGrecianUrnI1Thoustillunravish dbrideofquietness 2Thoufoster childofsilenceandslowtime 3Sylvanhistorian whocanstthusexpress4Aflowerytalemoresweetlythanourrhyme 5Whatleaf fring dlegendhauntsaboutthyshape6Ofdeitiesormortals orofboth 7InTempeorthedalesofArcady 8Whatmenorgodsarethese Whatmaidensloth 9Whatmadpursuit Whatstruggletoescape 10Whatpipesandtimbrels Whatwildecstasy 11Heardmelodiesaresweet butthoseunheard12Aresweeter therefore yesoftpipes playon 13Nottothesensualear but moreendear d 14Pipetothespiritdittiesofnotone 15Fairyouth beneaththetrees thoucanstnotleave16Thysong norevercanthosetreesbebare 17BoldLover never nevercanstthoukiss 18Thoughwinningnearthegoalyet donotgrieve 19Shecannotfade thoughthouhastnotthybliss 20Foreverwiltthoulove andshebefair II21happy happyboughs thatcannotshed22Yourleaves noreverbidtheSpringadieu 23And happymelodist unwearied 24Foreverpipingsongsforevernew 25Morehappylove morehappy happylove 26Foreverwarmandstilltobeenjoy d 27Foreverpanting andforeveryoung 28Allbreathinghumanpassionfarabove 29Thatleavesahearthigh sorrowfulandcloy d 30Aburningforehead andaparchingtongue III31Whoarethesecomingtothesacrifice 32Towhatgreenaltar Omysteriouspriest 33Lead stthouthatheiferlowingattheskies 34Andallhersilkenflankswithgarlandsdrest 35Whatlittletownbyriverorseashore 36Ormountain builtwithpeacefulcitadel 37Isemptiedofthisfolk thispiousmorn 38And littletown thystreetsforevermore39Willsilentbe andnotasoultotell40Whythouartdesolate cane erreturn IV41OAtticshape Fairattitude withbrede42Ofmarblemenandmaidensoverwrought 43Withforestbranchesandthetroddenweed 44Thou silentform dostteaseusoutofthought45Asdotheternity ColdPastoral 46Whenoldageshallthisgenerationwaste 47Thoushaltremain inmidstofotherwoe48Thanours afriendtoman towhomthousay st 49 Beautyistruth truthbeauty thatisall50Yeknowonearth andallyeneedtoknow Interpretation Inthefirststanza thespeaker standingbeforeanancientGrecianurnusesapostrophewhenhespeakstotheurnasifitisalive Thespeakerdescribesthepicturesasiftheyarefrozenintime Itisthe stillunravish dbrideofquietness foster childofsilenceandslowtime Hespeakstotheurnandnotabouttheurn hetreatstheurnlikeitislisteningtohimlikeahuman Healsodescribestheurnasa historian whichcantellastory Hewondersaboutthefiguresonthesideoftheurn andaskswhatlegendtheyportray andwheretheyarefrom Keatsusesanoxymoron unravish dbride meaningavirginbride abridewhohasnotbeentakenthoughsheismarried Inthesecondstanza thespeakerlooksatanotherpictureontheurn thistimeofayoungmanplayingapipe lyingwithhislovebeneathatree Thespeakersaysthatthepiper s unheard melody saresweeterthantoamortal searormelody becausetheyareunaffectedbytime Thoughhecanneverkisshisloverbecauseheisfrozenintime Heshouldnotgrievebecauseherbeautywillneverfade Inthethirdstanza helooksatthetreessurroundingthelovers andfeelshappythattheywillnevershedtheirleaves heishappyforthepiperbecausehissongswillbe forevernew andhappythattheloveoftheboyandthegirlwilllastforever unlikemortallove whichslowlyturnsinto breathinghumanpassion andeventuallyvanishes leavingbehindonlya burningforehead andaparchingtongue Inthefourthstanza thespeakerexaminesanotherpictureontheurn thisoneofagroupofvillagersleadingaheifertobesacrificed Hewonderswheretheyaregoing Towhatgreenaltar Omysteriouspriest andwheretheyhavecomefrom Heimaginestheirlittletown withoutthevillagers andtellsitthatitsstreetswill forevermore besilent forthosewholeftit frozenontheurn willneverreturn Inthelaststanza thespeakeragainaddressestheurnitself sayingthatit likeEternity dothteaseusoutofthought Het