高考英语写作：概要写作 U型三步法.ppt

U U型三步法 在概要写作中的尝试 本题总分为25分 按5个档次给分 评分时 先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次 然后以该档次的要去来衡量 确定或调整档次 最后给分 词数少于40的和多于80的 从总分中减去2分 评分时 应主要从以下四个方面考虑 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面 评分时 应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑 如书写较差以致影响交际 可将分数降低一个档次 概要写作评分原则解读 评分时 应主要从以下四个方面考虑 1 对原文要点的理解和呈现情况 2 应用语法结构和词汇的准确性 3 上下文的连贯性 4 对各要点表达的独立性情况 解读之篇 解读之篇 解读文本 大Passage 理解准确 涵盖全部要点 小Passage 能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分 使所完成的概要结构紧凑 完全使用自己的语言 解读之篇 U PW 要点守恒扩词成句 WS SP 理解准确 涵盖全部要点 能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分 使结构紧凑 完全使用自己的语言 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分 使结构紧凑 U型三步法 之第一步PW 整体阅读 怎么找 直接提取法间接整合法直接间接混合法 找什么 transitionalwordskeywords 回视语篇词拼图还原语篇主要脉络 第一步PW之直接提取法 例1 节选自2013年北京卷 阅读理解C篇 Thephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages Inthe4thcenturyB C paintersfollowedAlexandertheGreatintobattle hopingtopicturehisvictoriesforhisadmirers WhenCharlesDickensvisitedAmericainthe19thcentury hissold outreadingsattractedthousandsoffans leadinghimtocomplainabouthislackofprivacy Tabloidsofthe1920sand1930sranarticlesaboutfilm starsinmuchthesamewaythatmoderntabloidsandwebsitesdo 第二步WS之同义替换 例1 节选自2013年北京卷 阅读理解C篇 Thetrackingproblemfacedbycelebritieshasalonghistory Peoplehavebeencrazyabout obsessedwithchasingcelebritiesforalongtime Thecrazeforfollowingcelebritiesstartedlongago trackingcelebritiesforages Inthe4thcenturyB C inthe19thcentury the1920sand1930s 第一步PW之间接整合法 例2 节选自2014年四川卷 阅读理解E篇 Generally peoplebelievethatthehormoneoxytocinisletoutinourbodyinvarioussocialsituationsandourbodycreatesalargeamountofitduringpositivesocialinteractionssuchasfallinginloveorgivingbirth ButinapreviousexperimentProfessorRyanfoundthatthehormoneisalsoletoutinourbodyduringnegativesocialinteractionssuchasenvy 第二步WS之同义替换 例2 节选自2014年四川卷 阅读理解E篇 Thehormoneoxytocinisreleasedinnegativeaswellaspositivesocialcontacts Generally thehormoneoxytocinletoutpositiveButnegativesocialinteractions 第一步PW之直接间接混合法 例3 节选自Module6Unit2Poems Therearevariousreasonswhypeoplewritepoetry Somepoemstellastoryordescribesomethinginawaythatwillgiveastrongimpression Otherstrytoconveycertainemotions Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves 例3 节选自Module6Unit2Poems reasonswritepoetry SomedescribeOthersconveycertainemotions 第二步WS之同义替换 Peoplecomposepoemsfordifferentpurposes somedescriptivewhileothersemotional Poemsstemfrompeople sintentionsofsharingstoriesorfeelings Poetryspringsfrompeople sdesirestodepictthings ortoportrayemotions U型三步法 之第二步WS 句内连接 要点内部 1 词连接 2 句型连接 3 语法结构连接 要点守恒 简单句 同义替换 复合句 词的精确句的达意 同义替换 第二步WS之句内连接 要点内部 例4 节选自2013年北京卷 阅读理解C篇 Althoughbeingfamousmightsoundlikeadreamcometrue today sstars feelinglikezooanimals facepressuresthatfewofuscanimagine Theyareatthecenterofmuchoftheworld sattention Paparazzicampoutsidetheirhomes camerasready Tabloidspublishthrillingstoriesabouttheirpersonallives Justimaginenotbeingabletodoanythingwithoutbeingphotographedorinterruptedforasignature AccordingtopsychologistChristinaVillarreal celebrities famouspeople worryconstantlyabouttheirpublicappearance Eventually theystarttolosetrackofwhotheyreallyare seeingthemselvesthewaytheirfansimaginethem notasthepeopletheywerebeforeeveryoneknewtheirnames Overtime Villarrealsays theyfeelseparatedandalone 第二步WS之句内连接 词连接 thecenterofattentioncelebritiesworrypublicappearacnelosetrack Celebritiesarethefocusofmuchattention Theyareveryconcernedabouttheirpublicimageandstarttolosetheirownidentity Sincecelebritiesarethefocusofmuchattentionandareoverlyconcernedabouttheirpublicimage theystarttolosetheirownidentity andthus asaresult consequence consequently 第二步WS之句内连接 句型连接 Celebritiesarethefocusofmuchattention Theyareveryconcernedabouttheirpublicimageandstarttolosetheirownidentity Asthefocusofmuchattention notonlyarecelebritiesoverlyconcernedabouttheirpublicimage buttheyalsostarttolosethemselves Asthefocusofmuchattention celebritiesaresoconcernedabouttheirpublicimagethattheyevenstarttolosethemselvesontheroadtofame 第二步WS之句内连接 语法结构连接 Celebritiesarethefocusofmuchattention Theyareveryconcernedabouttheirpublicimageandstarttolosetheirownidentity Celebrities thefocusofmuchattention areparticularlyattentivetotheirpublicimage someevenlosingtheirtrueselves Chasedaroundnearlyallthetime celebrities whostrivetoliveuptothepublicexpectations evengetlostontheroadtofame U型三步法 之第三步SP 句与句连接 要点与要点之间 1 增加连接词 2 采用连接句 3 应用篇章结构 语篇同构 衔接自然行文流畅 第三步SP连接之增加连接词 例5 节选自2014年新课标I卷 阅读理解A篇 Atypicalliontamerinpeople smindisanentertainerholdingawhipandachair Thewhipgetalloftheattention butit smostlyforshow Inreality it sthechairthatdoestheimportantwork Whenaliontamerholdsachairinfrontofthelion sface theliontriestofocusonallfourlegsofthechairatthesametime Withitsfocusdivided thelionbecomesconfusedandisunsureaboutwhattodonext Whenfacedwithsomanyoptions thelionchoosestofreezeandwaitinsteadofattackingthemanholdingthechair Howoftendoyoufindyourselfinthesamepositionasthelion Howoftendoyouhavesomethingyouwanttoachiever e g loseweight startabusiness travelmore onlytoendupconfusedbyalloftheoptionsinfrontofyouandnevermakeprogress Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation Theendresultisthatwefeellikewecan tfocusorthatwe refocusedonthewrongthings andsowetakelessaction makelessprogress andstaythesamewhenwecouldbeimproving 第三步SP连接之采用连接句 Infaceofthefourlegsofawavingchair alionstaysstill unabletodecidewhichonetoconcentrateon Whenconfrontedwithnumerouschoices peopletendtoshrinkback makingnoadvances 第三步SP连接之采用连接句 whichisoftenthecasewithhumans 例6 选自2015年广东卷 阅读理解C篇 DanielAnderson afamouspsychologist believesit simportanttodistinguishtelevision sinfluencesonchildrenfromthoseofthefamily WetendtoblameTV hesays forproblemsitdoesn treallycause overlookingourownrolesinshapingchildren sminds Onetraditionalbeliefabouttelevisionisthatitreducesachild sabilitytothinkandtounderstandtheworld WhilewatchingTV childrendonotmerelyabsorbwordsandimages Instead theylearnbothexplicitandhiddenmeaningsfromwhattheysee Actually childrenlearnearlythepsychologyofcharactersinTVshows Furthermore asmanyteachersagree childrenunderstandfarmorewhenparentswatchTVwiththem explainingnewwordsandideas Yet mostparentsuseaneducationalprogramasachancetoparktheirkidsinfrontofthesetanddosomethinginanotherroom Anotherargumentagainsttelevisionisthatitreplacesreadingasaformofentertainment ButaccordingtoAnderson theamountoftimespentwatchingtelevisionisnotrelatedtoreadingability TVdoesn ttaketheplaceofreadingformostchildren ittakestheplaceofsimilarsortsofrecreation suchaslisteningtotheradioandplayingsports Thingslikeparents educationalbackgroundhaveastrongerinfluenceonachild sreading Achild sreadingabilityisbestpredictedbyhowmuchaparentreads Andersonsays Traditionalwisdomalsohasitthatheavytelevision watchinglowersIQscoresandaffectsschoolperformance Buthere too Andersonnotesthatnostudieshaveprovedit Infact researchsuggeststhatit stheotherwayaround Ifyou resmartyoung you llwatchlessTVwhenyou reolder Andersonsays Yet peopleoflowerIQtendtobelifelongtelevisionviewers Foryearsresearchershaveattemptedtoshowthattelevisionisdangeroustochildren However byshowingthattelevisionpromotesnoneofthedangerouseffectsasconventionallybelieved Andersonsuggeststhattelevisioncannotbecondemnedwithoutconsideringotherinfluences 第三步SP连接之采用篇章结构 Onetraditionalbelief Anotherargument Traditionalwisdomalsohas DanielAnderson afamouspsychologist contradictssomelong heldviewsabouttheimpactTVshaveonkids arguingthatparentsshouldberesponsibleinstead ifaccompaniedbyparents kidsknowmorewhilewatchingTV watchingTVdoesn tweakenchildren sreadingabilitywhichindeedmirrorsthereadinghabitsofparents noproofshowswatchingTVreduceskid sIQ 第三步SP连接之采用篇章结构 Second First Third 例7 选自全国统一考试英语科考试说明P24 Gettingridofdirt intheopinionofmostpeople isagoodthing However thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt Intheearly16thcentury peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths By1538 theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom SodidthekingofEnglandin1546 ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway HenryIV KingofFrance wasfamouslydirty Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath thekingorderedthat toavoidtheattackofdisease thenoblemanshouldnotgoout Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong lived dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury Scientificallyspeaking cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease Yet itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWar Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite clothseversofter surfacestoshine Hasthehatefordirt however gonetoofar Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays Manyfirst timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease Onthecontrary MaryRuebush anAmericanimmunologist 免疫学家 encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground P W之transitionalwords Gettingridofdirt intheopinionofmostpeople isagoodthing However thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt Intheearly16thcentury peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths By1538 theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom SodidthekingofEnglandin1546 ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway HenryIV KingofFrance wasfamouslydirty Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath thekingorderedthat toavoidtheattackofdisease thenoblemanshouldnotgoout Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong lived dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury Scientificallyspeaking cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease Yet itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWar Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite clothseversofter surfacestoshine Hasthehatefordirt however gonetoofar Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays Manyfirst timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease Onthecontrary MaryRuebush anAmericanimmunologist 免疫学家 encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground P W之keywords Gettingridofdirt intheopinionofmostpeople isagoodthing However thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt Intheearly16thcentury peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths By1538 theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom SodidthekingofEnglandin1546 ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway HenryIV KingofFrance wasfamouslydirty Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath thekingorderedthat toavoidtheattackofdisease thenoblemanshouldnotgoout P W之keywords P W之keywords Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong lived dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury Scientificallyspeaking cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease Yet itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWar Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite clothseversofter surfacestoshine Hasthehatefordirt however gonetoofar P W之keywords Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays Manyfirst timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease Onthecontrary MaryRuebush anAmericanimmunologist 免疫学家 encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground W S之要点1 nothingfixed attitudestodirt Peopleholddifferentviewstowardsdirtonourskin Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin 选自考试说明范文 Therearemixedviewsaboutdirtonourskin Opinionsvary changeastothedirtonourskin W S之要点2 dirtontheskin blockoutdisease alongtime Europe livedwithdirt People suchasEuropeans thoughtdirtdefendedtheirbodiesagainsttheattackofdisease People suchasEuropeans hadlongconsidereddirtontheskinhelpedresistillness Foralongtimeinhistory peopleofsomeEuropeancountries suchasFrance believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill 选自考试说明范文 People suchasEuropeans usedtoregarddirtontheskinasabarrieragainstdisease W S之要点3 cleaningawaydirt good standardsofcleanliness movedbeyondscience Itwasnotuntilthe18thcenturythatpeolecametobelievewashingoffdirtbenefitedhealth butovertimetheyhavebecometooparticularaboutcleanliness Peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy 选自考试说明范文 Centurieslater peoplecametoadoptascientificviewondirt andconsidereditahealthypracticetoremovedirtofftheskin whichlater however leadstoanobsessionwithcleanliness W S之要点4 playinthedirt buildupastro