湖南地区英语学科牛津英语虚拟语气课件.pptVIP

Thesubjunctivemood虚拟语气 1 英语动词有三种语气 陈述语气 祈使语气和虚拟语气 2 定义 用来表示说的话不是事实 或者是不可能发生的情况 而是一种愿望 建议 假设的语气叫虚拟语气 一 虚拟语气在条件句中 IfIhadtime Iwouldattendthemeeting Ifhehadhurried hecouldhavecaughtthetrain IfIweretogoabroad IwouldgotoAmerica 如果我是你 我就会努力学习 如果我知道他的电话号码 我就给他打电话了 如果明天下雨的话 我们会取消比赛 IfIwereyou Iwouldworkharderatmylessons IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber Iwouldhavecalledhim Ifitshould weretorain wewouldcalloffthematch 使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时 被称为 错综时间条件句 动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整 Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice youwouldbebetternow Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore youwouldbeacollegestudentnow 如果你听我的建议 你现在就会痊愈了 如果你努力学习的话 你现在就会是大学生了 省略句在条件句中 可省略if 把were had should提到句首 变为倒装句式 IfIwereatschoolagain Iwouldstudyharder WereIatschoolagain Iwouldstudyharder Ifyouhadcomeearlier youwouldhavemethim Hadyoucomeearlier youwouldhavemethim Ifitshouldraintomorrow wewouldnotgoclimbing Shoulditraintomorrow wewouldnotgoclimbing 注意 若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定式 不能用动词的缩略形式 如我们可以说Wereitnotforexpense Iwouldgoabroadnow 不可以说Weren titfortheexpense 用介词短语代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with without butfor等 如 Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars Ifyouhadamilliondollars Wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp ifwehadn tgotyourhelp Butfortherain Ifithadn tbeenfortherain wewouldhavefinishedthework 含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要 在虚拟语气中并不是总是出现if引导的条件句 而是通过其他手段来代替条件句 Iwasillthatday Otherwise Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet 副词 Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyoubirthday orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit 连词 Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp butIwastoobusy 连词 Everythingtakenintoconsideration theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly 独立主格 二 虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用 用于宾语从句 wish用于后面的宾语从句中 用于后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气 表示一种不可能实现的愿望 其谓语动词形式为 表现在过去时表过去过去完成时表将来would might could 动词原形 Iwish that Iwereabird Iwish that Ihadseenthefilmlastnight Iwish that Iwould couldgo 但愿我能去 2 用于表示命令 建议 要求等一类词后面的宾语从句 insist order command suggest advise propose require request demand desireetc 一坚持 二命令 三建议 四要求 Wesuggestedthatthemeeting should beputoff Theyinsistedthattheboy should gowiththem 注意 suggest当表示 暗示 表明 讲时 insist表示 坚持认为 之意时 应用陈述语气 Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney 他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱 用于主语从句中 1 Itisnecessary important strange natural impossiblesurprising apity that从句 从句中的谓语动词用should 动词原形 should可以省略 2 Itissuggested desired ordered requested demandedthat Itisnecessarythatyou should cleantheroomafterwork Itisimportantthathe should workharderathislessons Itissuggestedthatthemeeting should beputoff Itisorderedthatthework should bedoneatonce should表示惊奇 怀疑 不满等情绪 作 竟然 解 should可省略 句型 Itissurprising apity strangethat Itisapitythatheshouldbesocareless 真可惜他竟然如此粗心 Itisstrangethatheshouldhaveleftwithoutsayinggood bye 他离开时没有说再见是很奇怪的 注意 以上句型也可用陈述语气 Itisstrangethathedidn tcomeyesterday Itisapitythatyoucan tdance Iamsurprisedthathe tohelpmewhenIneededitmost A shouldrefuseB wouldhaverefusedC shouldhaverefused C 在suggestion proposal order plan advice idea request等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用 should 动词原形 should可以省略 用语表语从句和同位语从句 Myideaisthatwe should thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit Mysuggestionthatwe should haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting should beputoff Itis high about timethat 从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should 动词原形 should不能省略 三 虚拟语气在其他从句中 Itishightimethatyouwent shouldgotoschool Ifonly引导的感叹句 要是 该有多好啊 IfonlyIknewtheanswer IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday wouldrather 从句动词用过去式 Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth 我宁愿你告诉我真相 asif asthough 看起来用过去式或过去完成时表虚拟 evenif eventhough 即使 Hetreats treatedtheboyasifhewerehisownson Hespeaks spokeasifhehadknownaboutit Evenifhewerehere hecouldnotsolvetheproblem EvenifIhadbeenbusythen Iwouldhavehelpedyou 注意 asif asthough从句的虚拟语气的动词不受主句动词的支配 主从句同时 用过去式 从句先 主句后用过去完成时 Ifitwerenotfor Ifithadnotbeenfor 要是没有 Ifitwerenotfortherain thecropwoulddie Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp Iwouldn thavemadesomuchprogress 在口语交际中 虚拟语气省略的情况 若一般过去时只保留did could were等助动词 情态动词或系动词 若是过去完成时 只保留had若是过去将来时只保留would might Haveyoufoundtheanswertothequestion IwishIhad Ican tgotoBeijingwithyou butIwishIwould 在Incase和forfearthat 万一 惟恐 引导的状语从句中 谓语动词多用should 动词原形 Takeanumbrellaincaseitshouldrain rains IncaseIshouldfail Iwouldtryagain Idaren ttellyouwhathedidforfearthatheshouldbeangrywith Choosethebestanswer Itisstrangethatthelittleboy speaktwoforeignlanguages A couldb canC shouldD would2 Hegaveordersthattheexperiment before5 30pm A befinishedB willfinishC mustbefinished3 He youmorehelp eventhoughhewasverybusy A mighthavegivenB mightgiveC mayhavegiven4 WithouttheleadershipoftheParty there noNewChina A wouldbeB hasbeenC shouldbeD was C A A A 1 Evenifhe be here hecouldn tsolvetheproblem 2 Withoutair there be nolivin