语法填空题答题技巧指导课件.ppt

高考题型 语法填空 三种考察类型 1 纯空格试题 2 给出了动词的试题 3 词类转换题 从语法填空题的设置来看 至少应当包括以下3个特点一 考查语法 每一个空格的设置都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则 不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法 例1InGreece womenhadlittlefreedom Wealthywomenhardlylefttheirhouses butthey allow toattendweddingsandsomefestivals 解析 因allow与they在逻辑上是动宾关系 要用被动语态 用beallowed 由had left可知be是一般过去式 主语是复数they be的过去式是were 答案是wereallowed 点评 此题就涉及到动词的时态 语态和主谓一致三条语法规则 例2The whyIwassadwasthathedidn tunderstandme 解析 因为why引导的定语从句 前面的先行词一定是reason 点评 此题看起来好像是考查填入恰当的名词 但实际上是考查定语从句 Thisstrategysuggeststhatteachershaveconversationswithstudentstolearnabout 1 缺主语或宾语 一定是填代词或名词 多考代词 Suddenlythewallmoved wasmadeoftrees it them With thehelpofthemaphemade hegotavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthediseaseandwasabletoannouncethatthewaterwastoblame 2 名词或代词前面是空格 而该名词或代词在句中不作主语 表语 也不作动词的宾语时 很可能是填介词 Intheearlystagesofparenting thepositiveaspectsofhavingchildrenareovershadowedbynegativeexperiences alackofsleep concernsaboutthechild swell being orfinancialproblems like and Eachwinnerreceivesagoldmedal adiploma asumofmoney 3 若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词 可能是填连词 Writedowneverythingyoueat drinkinagivenday and Teacherssometimesspendmuchtimetalkingaboutstudentstotheirparents littletimeactuallytalkingtostudentsthemselves JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrect heneededevidence but but their Onceayear peoplewinthisprizefor workinphysics chemistry medicine literature economics orworldpeace 4 名词前是空格 若该名词前无限定词 则很可能是填限定词 即冠词 形容词性物主代词 名词所有格 基数词 序数词 量词或some any other s another等 5 若两句 一个主谓关系算一个句子 之间没有连词 也没有分号或句号 一定是填连接词 It salsoagoodideatotakenotesofemotionsrelatedto youeat Thiswasverystrange theearthwasthecentreofthesolarsystemandallplanetswentroundit what if Teachersshouldtakeadvantageofthemanymethods canhelpthemlearnabouttheirstudents ThenhereturnedtoRussiatoworkwithhisfatherandmother workedonexplosiveweapons Manypeoplesaidhewasabadperson heinventeddestructiveweapons Which that who because 6 若结构较完整 空格后的谓语动词是原形 特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时 很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词 do does did Totheircredit thefourcountries worktogetherinsomeareas TheybelievedGodhadmadetheworldandforthatreasontheearthwasspecialand bethecentreofthesolarsystem do must 二 考虑语境 既然采用短文的形式来考查语法 其目的就是要利用短文有较强语境的特点来命题 否则 就不如用单句来考查语法了 也就是说 考生要填出正确答案 至少需理解整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑关系 或者需要理解前后几个句子 甚至整个段落或篇章 例4Severalchangeshavebroughtwildanimalstothe Foremost airandwaterqualityinmanycitieshaveimprovedasaresultofthe1970 spollutioncontrolefforts 解析 在冠词the后必定是名词 再根据下句可确定要填cities 点评 本题若只根据设空句本身 而不阅读并理解下文 是不可能填出正确答案的 三 适当提示 但是若涉及到动词的时态 语态 非谓语动词 词类转换等需要词形变化的空格 例7Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear reach arecordUS 57 65abarrelonApril4 解析 reach及后面的内容是伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果 用现在分词作状语 故填reaching 例8Itwouldbe believe thatsuchanhonestfellowshouldhavebetrayedhisfriends 解析 因为在系动词be后作表语 要用believe的形容词形式believable 由句意 这样一个老实人竟会出卖朋友 真难以置信 可知 还要在前面加上表示相反意义的前缀un 答案为unbelievable 1 给出了动词的试题 首先 要确定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词 若句中没有别的谓语动词 所给动词就是谓语动词 若是谓语动词 就要考虑时态和语态 若句中已有谓语动词 又不是并列谓语时 所给动词就是非谓语动词 若是非谓语动词就要确定用Ving形式 Ved形式 还是用不定式形式 todo 确定方法如下 Ving形式表主动 进行或介词后Ved形式表被动 完成Todo形式表主动 将来 也作目的状语 结果状语及形容词后的状语 Hegotinterestedintwotheories explain howcholerakilledpeople Nobellefthisfortune create theNobelPrize Hewasmostfamousfor build weaponsofwar Myeyes draw toapackagethathadapictureofafridgeonit explaining tocreate building weredrawn JohnSnow awell knowndoctorinLondon become inspire whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeoplewho expose tocholera Hisparents company call FutureTours transport mesafelyintothefutureinatimecapsule worry aboutthejourney Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays inspired wereexposed called transported Worried 2 词类转换题 作表语 定语或补语 通常用形容词形式 Ihelpedhimknowhecouldbe help toothers Thestudentsstudytheeffectsof environment realities helpful environmental 作主语 及物动词或介词后宾语 用名词形式 JohnSnowwasabletoannouncewith certain certainty 在冠词 形容词性物主代词后 或 冠词 形容词 后 用名词形式 OnDecember10 theanniversaryofthe die ofNobel Recognizingwhatyourbadeatinghabitsareisofgreat important incorrectingthebehavior Thisgavehima value clueaboutthecauseofthedisease death importance valuable 修饰动词 形容词 副词 或整个句子 作状语 用副词形式 sad thelibraryhadmovedfromitsoriginalplaceintoanotherbuilding Bybendingorpressingdowninyourseat youcanmove swift Sadly swiftly 有可能是词义转换题 词类不用变 主要是考察具有与词根意义相反的派生词 需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系 在词根前加un im 等 在词根后加 less等 Alsothemorechildrenyoungcoupleshave the happy theybecome Yourmistakecausedalotof necessary workintheoffice unhappier unnecessary 备考策略 1 不断记忆 积累词汇 2 夯实基础 学好语法 3 大声朗读 培养语感 4 坚持不懈 多做练习 Let shaveatry 2010年高考题 广东省 Ayoungman whiletravelingthroughadesert cameacrossaspringofclearwater 1waterwassweet Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder2hadbeenhisteacher Afterafour dayjourney theyoungman3 present thewatertotheoldman Histeachertookadeepdrink smiled4 warm andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater Theyoungmanwenthome5ahappyheart Afterthestudentleft theteacherlet6studenttastethewater Hespititout 7 say itwasawful Apparently itwasnolongerfreshbecauseoftheoldleathercontainer Heaskedhisteacher Sir thewaterwasawful Whydidyoupretendtolike8 Theteacherreplied Youtastedthewater Itastedthegift Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove Nothingcouldbe9 sweet Weunderstandthislessonbest10wereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren Whetheritisacheappipeoradiamondnecklace theproperresponseisappreciation Welovetheideawithinthegiftratherthanthething Ayoungman whiletravelingthroughadesert cameacrossaspringofclearwater 1waterwassweet Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder2hadbeenhisteacher Afterafour dayjourney theyoungman3 present thewatertotheoldman Histeachertookadeepdrink smiled4 warm andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater Theyoungmanwentho