高中英语语法：主谓一致.ppt

Subject verbagreement主谓一致 XiangshuiVocationalSchool Grammar 教学目标 知识目标 1 掌握主谓一致的概念 2 掌握主谓一致的三个原则 能力目标 通过判断主谓一致遵循哪个原则 培养学生的分析判断能力 情感目标 培养积极主动的学习心态 调整学习内驱力 1 语法一致原则 即谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定2 意义一致原则 即主谓的一致不是主语的语法形式来决定 而是由主语表达的意义决定3 就近原则 即谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近它的主语 概念 在英语句子里 谓语受主语支配 其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致 这就叫主谓一致 三原则 一语法一致1 以单数名词或代词 动词不定式短语 动名词短语或从句作主语时 谓语动词一般用单数形式 主语为复数时 谓语动词用复数形式 如 Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall Thechildrenwereheretwohoursago Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes 注意 由what引导的主语从句 后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式 但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时 主句的谓语动词用复数形式 如 WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks 1 Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts causedhearinglossinsometeenagers A isB areC hasD have答案 C解析 根据动名词短语作主语 句子的谓语动词用单数形式 由此排除B D两项 根据主语与caused的主动关系 排除A项 例题解析 Practice Toplaywithfirenearagasstation isAre verydangerous 在加油站附近玩火很危险 Doingmorningexercises isare goodforyourbody 做早操对你身体有益 Whathesaidatthemeeting isare veryimportant 他在会上的发言很重要 is is is 2 由连接词and或both and连接起来的合成主语后面 要用复数形式的谓语动词 如 LucyandLilyareTheboyandthegirltwins SheandIareclassmates BothsheandheareYoungPioneers 注意 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物或同一概念时 它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式 形式 the n and n如breadandbutter sodaandwater coffeeandmilk knifeandfork等 Theworkerandwriterare isfromWuhan 比较 Theworkerandthewriteris arefromBeijing 请总结这两题解题思路的区别 Breadandbutteris areadailyfoodintheWest Aknifeandforkis areneeded Warandpeaceis areaconstantthemeinhistory 3 主语为单数名词或代词 尽管后面跟有with togetherwith except but like aswellas ratherthan morethan nolessthan besides including等引起的短语 谓语动词仍用单数形式 若主语为复数 谓语用复数形式 就远原则 如 Mr Green togetherwithhiswifeandchildren hascometoChina NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground She likeyouandTom isverytall 2 SuchpoetsasShakespeare widelyread ofwhoseworks however some difficulttounderstand A are areB is isC are isD is are答案 A解析 主句中的主语应为poets 谓语动词用复数 其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为someofwhoseworks 谓语动词也应是复数 故选A 例题解析 NobodybutBettyandMary lateforclassyesterday A wasB wereC hasbeenD havebeen2 Awomanwithsomechildren soon A iscomingB arecomingC hascomeD havecome3 Everything includingtheclothes stolenthatevening A isB wasC areD were A A B Practice 4 在倒装句中 谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致 如 Therecomesthebus Onthewallaremanypictures Suchistheresult Sucharethefacts 二 逻辑意义一致原则逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致 因有时主语形式为单数 但意义为复数 有时形式为复数 但意义为单数 1 如果集体名词指的是整个集体 它的谓语动词用单数 如果它指集体的成员 其谓语动词就用复数形式 这些词有family class crowd committee population audience等 如 ClassFourisonthethirdfloor ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor 注意 people police cattle等名词一般都用作复数 如 Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild 3 Thepolice was were searchingthehouseforthestolennecklace 4 Thatgroupofsoldiers has have thebestindividualperformance 5 Theaudience is are listeningtoaBeethovensymphony were have are Pratice 2一些学科名词以 s结尾mathematics news economics mechanics等动词用单数e g 1 Economicsishismajor 2 Nonewsisgoodnews 3时间 距离 容量 长度 价值等度量名词作主语 谓语通常用单数e g 1 Twentymilesisalongdistance 2 MorethantwoyearshaspassedsinceyoubegantostudyinHuiwenHighSchool 3 Threepintsisn tenoughtogetyoudrunk physics politics 4 以 s结尾的复数名词1 由两部分构成的物体名词 如trousers earrings jeans glasses scissors pants等作主语时 谓语用复数形式 但如由a thepairof修饰 动词则用单数e g 1 Look Jack yourtrousersaresodirty 2 Apairofglassesisontheground Whosecanitbe 2 一些词以 s结尾arms clothes goods wages stairs suburbs 动词用复数3 名词以 ings结尾belongings findings surroundings earnings 动词用复数 1 Tenpounds is are muchforallthetroublewehave 2 Fourhours is are neededtocompletetheoutline 3 Alltheirbelongings togetherwiththeremainsoftorn upnewspapers lie lies overthecarpets 4 Atthebottomofthehillthere is are adangerouscrossroads 5 Theirearnings come comes to500dollarsaweek is is lie is come Practice 三 就近一致原则在英语句子中 有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致 1 当两个主语由either or neither nor whether or notonly butalso连接时 谓语动词和邻近的主语一致 如 Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends Neithertheynorheiswhollyright Isneitherhenortheywhollyright 2 therebe句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语 如果其后是由and连接的两个主语 则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致 如 Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom 注意 Here引导的句子用法同上 如 Hereisamapandahandbookforyou 1 EitheryouorI goingtotheteachers officeafterclass A amB isC areD will2 NotonlyTombutalsohiswife fondofwatchingtelevision A areB wereC beD is3 thereanybreadandcakesontheplate A areB wereC beD is A D D Consolidation 1 Thewholeclass totheteacherattentivelynow A arelisteningB islisteningC listeningD listens2 Thesecretaryandmonitor askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting A areB isC haveD has3 Manyaman comingtohelpus A areB isC haveD has4 Thenumberofpeopleinvited 50 butanumberofthem absentfordifferentreasons were wasB was wasC was wereD were were 5 About70 ofthetrees beenplanted soonethirdofthearea coveredwithgreentrees A are hasB is areC has isD have is6 Notonlyhebutalsowe right Heaswellaswe right A is areB is isC are areD are is7 Weeach strongpointsandeachofus ontheotherhand weakpoints have haveB have hasC has hasD has have8 Climbinghills ofgreathelptoourhealth A isB areC wereD be 9 Apoetandartist comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon A isB areC wasD were10 MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths alsotrueoftheJohnsons A areB isC beingD tobeing11 Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter A isgoingB go