高考英语名词性从句图解法.doc

名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等一、 分类：（一）根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。（二）根据引导词的不同，名词从句又可分别称为that、if/whether和wh引导的三种。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词： that, whether ,if （不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which连接副词：when, where, how, why担任句子成分有无意义可否省略thatXX在宾语从句，但介词后不能whetherXXwhX比较：whether与if 均为是否的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有or not 二、名词性从句的句型结构图（一）wh名词性从句结构图（1）What/who+谓语+ 其他 1. Who will go is not important.2. I dont know what happened（2） What/who+主语+谓语+（宾语） 1. What he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.2. Whatever he had was seized by the German soldiers.3. You may choose whoever youd like to go with.（3） When/where/why/how主语+谓语+宾语+（状语）1. I wonder why she refused my invitation.2. That is where Lu Xun used to live.3. I dont know when he will come.（二）主语/宾语/表语/同位语从句结构图That +从句 Whether+从句Wh+从句 （主语从句）to dodoingthat（1） + 谓语 + 其他1. That she was able to come made us very happy.2. Whether the car can be used has not been known yet.3. Whatever I have will be yours sooner or later that +从句 whether+从句wh+从句 （宾语从句）to dodoingthat（2）主语 + 谓语 + 1. We knew that she was able to come2. We dont know whether the car can be used3. You will have whatever I have4. That depends on where we shall go.that +从句 whether+从句wh+从句 （表语从句）to dodoingthat5. Im not sure why she refused their invitation.（3）主语 + is + 1. The problem was that she wasnt able to come.2. The point is whether the car can be used.（问题是）3. The question was who could go there.that +从句 whether+从句wh+从句 （同位语从句）to dodoingthat（4）名词 +1.The suggestion that the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good.2.I have no idea whether he has passed the exam.3. I have no idea where he lives.（5）同位语从句与定语从句的区别：能还原（定语从句）that +从句 名词+ 不能还原（同位语）1. I am glad to hear the news that he told me.（the news）2. I am glad to hear the news that I have passed the exam.三、名词性从句的特殊句式（一）That/what-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。如：1. It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.2. Its a pity that you should have to leave.3.It is not yet decided who will do that job.4. It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：（1）It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that 有必要It is important that 重要的是It is obvious that 很明显（2）It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that人们相信It is known to all that 从所周知It has been decided that 已决定（3）It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that 是常识It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是（4）It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears that似乎It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起（二）否定转移 （1）将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。例如：1. I dont think I know you.我想我并不认识你。2. I don t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。例如：3. I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。（2）将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。例如：1. It doesnt seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。2. It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。（3）有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。例如： 1. I dont remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。（not否定动名词短语 having） 2. Its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。（anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。）（4）有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。例如：1. The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.（否定状语）蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。2. He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. （否定because状语） 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。3. She had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struckby her beauty.（否定状语many weeks）她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。（三）宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。1. I dont know whether or not the report is true.2. I dont know whether/ if the report is true or not.介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。1. It depends on whether we have enough time.2. They dont know whether to go there.3. Please come to see me if you have time.（四）doubt 后的宾语从句I doult whether=I am not sure whetherI dont doult that= I am sure thatThere is no doult that1. I doubt whether/if he will be against the idea.2. I dont doubt that he will be against the idea.（五）如果主句的谓语是make, find, feel, believe,