双语医学课件3-心脏Theheart.ppt

UnitThreeTheHeart Whatwediscussinthefirstpart 心动周期 cardiaccycle心音 heartsounds Canyoudescribeacardiaccycleinasimpleway CardiacCycleandHeartSounds vocabulary simultaneousconstrictionofthetwoatria atriarelax simultaneouscontractionofthetwoventricles ventriclesrelax constrictionofthetwoatria incycle CardiacCycleandHeartSounds Themovementofblood vein theatria theventricles arteriesFromvein intobothatria bloodaccumulates itspressureforcesopentherightandleftAVvalves Atriaconstract theremainingbloodflowsintotheventriclesAVvalves atrioventricalvalves 心房与心室瓣膜 CardiacCycleandHeartSounds Atriarelax theventriclesbegintocontract forcebloodagainsttheflapsoftherightandleftAVvalvesandclosethem bloodopenstheaorticandpulmonarysemi lunarvalves theventriclescontinuetocontract bloodintothearteries CardiacCycleandHeartSounds CardiacCycle Whytheproperfunctioningoftheventriclesismuchmorecrucialtosurvivalthanisatrialfunctioning CardiacCycleandHeartSounds Systole 心脏收缩 ContractionDiastole 心脏舒张 relaxation Bloodspressurereadings 血压读数 CardiacCycleandHeartSounds atrial ventricularsystoleatrial ventriculardiastoleHowdotheywork L 29 Systole 心脏收缩 Diastole 心脏舒张 CardiacCycleandHeartSounds Whentheatriaareinsystole theventriclesareindiastole andwhentheventriclesareinsystole theatriaareindiastole Thecardiacyclealsocreatestheheartsounds Twosounds CardiacCycleandHeartSounds ByventricularsystoleclosingtheAVvalvesBytheclosureoftheaorticandpulmonarysemi lunarvalves Thecardiaccycleisregulatedbymyocardium 心肌层 Cardiacmusclecells 心肌细胞 havetheabilitytocontractspontaneously thatis theheartgeneratesitsownbeat CardiacConductionPathway 心脏的传导途径 Sinoatrial SA node 窦房结 心脏的自然起搏器1 ItisLocatedinthewalloftherightatrium2 Ithasthemostrapidrateofcontraction CardiacConductionPathway 心脏的传导途径 Atrioventricular AV node 房室结 ItisLocatedinthelowerinteratrialseptum 心房间隔膜 CardiacConductionPathway 心脏的传导途径 ithintheupperinterventricularseptumistheBundleofHis AVbundle 希斯束 L 56 CardiacConductionPathway 心脏的传导途径 BloodfromtheBundleofHis Purkinjefibers 普肯野纤维 therestoftheventricularmyocardium 心室心肌层 bringaboutventricularsystole CardiacConductionPathway 心脏的传导途径 Arrhythmias 心律失常 heartpalpitations 心悸 usuallynotseriousventricularfibrillation 心室纤维颤动 muchmoreserious CardiacConductionPathway 心脏的传导途径 AhealthyheartArestingheartrate 静息状态下的心率 of60to80bpm HeartRate 心率 AhealthyheartArestingheartrate 静息状态下的心率 of60to80bpm Thehigherrateisnotrelatedtoage butrathertosize HeartRate 心率 Whyacertainlevelofcardiacoutputisneededatalltimes 1 Totransportoxygentotissues2 toremovewasteproducts CardiacOutput 心输出量 Howtocalculatecardiacoutput 1 Pulserate 脉搏率 2 howmuchbloodispumpedperbeat strokevolume 每搏量 Formula 心输出量 每搏量 心率 CardiacOutput 心输出量 Whatistheaveragerestingcardiacoutput 5to6litersperminuteWhytheathletehasalowrestingpulse 为什么运动员心率较低 CardiacOutput 心输出量 Whytheathletehasalowrestingpulse 为什么运动员心率较低 Theathlete srestingstrokevolumeissignificantlyhigherthantheaverage Theheartpumpsmorebloodwitheachbeat itcanmaintainanormalrestingcardiacoutputwithfewerbeats CardiacOutput 心输出量 Howtheheartrespondtoexercise L 115 Heartrateincreasesduringexercise CardiacOutput 心输出量 WhatisStarling sLawoftheHeart 斯塔林心脏定律L 117 cardiacmusclefibers 心肌纤维 venousreturn 静脉回流 Formula 心输出量 100ml 100bpmThisexercisecardiacoutputisgreatlyincreased CardiacOutput 心输出量 Howtheheartrespondtoexercise Therateofcontractioncanbechangedtoadapttodifferentsituations Thenervoussystemcanbringaboutnecessarychanges Regulationofheartrate 心率的调节 Medullatwocardiaccenters 心搏中枢 Theacceleratorcenter 加速中枢 Theinhibitorycenter 抑制中枢 impulses heartalongautonomicnerves 自主神经 Regulationofheartrate 心率的调节 Autonomicnervoussystem 自主神经系统 1 Sympatheticimpulsesfromacceleratorcenter increasetheheartrate2 Parasympatheticimpulsesfromtheinhibitorycenter decreasetheheartrate Regulationofheartrate 心率的调节 Whatinformationisreceivedbythemedullatoinitiatechanges 脑髓质接受了什么信息才引起这些变化呢 Regulationofheartrate 心率的调节 Whatinformationisreceivedbythemedullatoinitiatechanges Changesinbloodpressureandoxygenlevelofthebloodarestimuliforchangesinheartrate 血压的变化和血液中含氧量的变化会刺激心率产生相应的变化 Regulationofheartrate 心率的调节 Pressoreceptors 压力受体 Chemoreceptors 化学受体 Theyarelocatedincarotidarteries 颈动脉 andaorticarch 主动脉弓 Regulationofheartrate 心率的调节 Pressoreceptors 压力受体 DetectchangesinbloodpressureChemoreceptors 化学受体 Detectchangesintheoxygencontentoftheblood Regulationofheartrate 心率的调节 Pressoreceptorsgenerateimpulses impulsestravelalongtheglossopharyngealnerves tothemedula stimulatetheacceleratorcenter generateimpulses impulsesarecarriedbysympatheticnerves totheSAnode AVnode andmyocardium Regulationofheartrate 心率的调节 Howthesensationoflight headednesspasses Theheartwillalsobetheeffectorinareflexst