《英语四级阅读理解》PPT课件.ppt

不要认为英语阅读差是由于不懂原文 英语阅读考查的是基本逻辑思维能力 常识在英语阅读中也能帮助我们解题 仔细阅读最重要的三项能力 1提取信息 在文章中迅速而有效地找到每道题目的题干所针对的部分这些部分能够帮助我们提取信息 1 转折 2 比较 3 因果 4 关键词 2整合信息 整理合并信息根据不同的题型来对信息进行整合四级常见的题型有 1 细节题 2 词意题 3 态度题 4 主旨题文章或某一段的主旨 5 推理题 6 例证题说明 论证了什么 7 实验题实验的目的 结果3逻辑比较 把题干与原文的关系弄 解题的主要步骤 1扫描题干关键词关键词的基本要求 名词专有名词最有可能成为关键词2浏览原文做标记3逻辑比较得答案 考点 1转折比较处转折句或者是转折关系常常是文章内容的强调处 是作者表达观点或者是陈述事物的关键地方 一般而言 转折后的内容是语义的重点 因为转折后面的内容是作者的真实意图所在 所以命题者常常对转折处的内容进行提问 转折一般通过however but yet infact等词或短语引导 例 AlthoughastrongpoundandweakmarketsinAsiaplayaroleinthedownsizing thelayoffsinStokehavetheirrootsinearthshakingsocialshifts AspokesmanforRoyalDoultonadmittedthatthecompany hasbeensomewhatslowincatchingupwiththetrend towardcasualdining Familieseattogetherlessoften heexplained andmorepeopleeatalone eitherbecausetheyaresingleortheyeatinfrontoftelevision 34 Themaincauseofthelayoffsinthepotteryindustryis A theincreasedvalueofthepoundB theeconomicrecessioninAsiaC thechangeinpeople swayoflifeD thefiercecompetitionathomeandabroad 例 AlthoughastrongpoundandweakmarketsinAsiaplayaroleinthedownsizing thelayoffsinStokehavetheirrootsinearthshakingsocialshifts AspokesmanforRoyalDoultonadmittedthatthecompany hasbeensomewhatslowincatchingupwiththetrend towardcasualdining Familieseattogetherlessoften heexplained andmorepeopleeatalone eitherbecausetheyaresingleortheyeatinfrontoftelevision 开头第一句话涵盖了很多信息 AlthoughastrongpoundandweakmarketsinAsiaplayaroleinthedownsizing thelayoffsinStokehavetheirrootsinearthshakingsocialshifts虽然英镑强势和亚洲市场萎靡是规模缩水的一个原因 但裁员的根源还在于剧烈的社会变迁 例 AlthoughastrongpoundandweakmarketsinAsiaplayaroleinthedownsizing thelayoffsinStokehavetheirrootsinearthshakingsocialshifts AspokesmanforRoyalDoultonadmittedthatthecompany hasbeensomewhatslowincatchingupwiththetrend towardcasualdining Familieseattogetherlessoften heexplained andmorepeopleeatalone eitherbecausetheyaresingleortheyeatinfrontoftelevision 34 Themaincauseofthelayoffsinthepotteryindustryis A theincreasedvalueofthepoundB theeconomicrecessioninAsiaC thechangeinpeople swayoflifeD thefiercecompetitionathomeandabroad 考点 2举例处句中常用as suchas forexample forinstance take asanexample等引导的短语或句子作为例证 例 Hancockhopeshisresearchwillhelpcompaniesworkoutthebestwaysfortheiremployeestocommunicate Forinstance thephonemightbethebestmediumforsaleswhereemployeesareencouragedtostretchthetruth 夸大事实 言过其实 Butgivenhisresults workassessment wherehonestyisapriority mightbebestdoneusingemail 这是一篇讲述交流途径与说谎频度的关系的文章 Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat honestyshouldbeencouragedininterpersonalcommunicationsmoreemployerswilluseemailstocommunicatewiththeiremployersSuitablemediashouldbechosenfordifferentcommunicationpurposesEmailisnowthedominantmediumofcommunicationwithinacompany 例 Hancockhopeshisresearchwillhelpcompaniesworkoutthebestwaysfortheiremployeestocommunicate Forinstance thephonemightbethebestmediumforsaleswhereemployeesareencouragedtostretchthetruth 夸大事实 言过其实 Butgivenhisresults workassessment wherehonestyisapriority mightbebestdoneusingemail A 在人际交流中应该鼓励诚实 从最后一段来看 作者鼓励在销售时使用电话以便更能夸大其词 由此可以看出作者是不看中诚实与否的问题的 Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat honestyshouldbeencouragedininterpersonalcommunicationsmoreemployerswilluseemailstocommunicatewiththeiremployersSuitablemediashouldbechosenfordifferentcommunicationpurposesEmailisnowthedominantmediumofcommunicationwithinacompany 例 Hancockhopeshisresearchwillhelpcompaniesworkoutthebestwaysfortheiremployeestocommunicate Forinstance thephonemightbethebestmediumforsaleswhereemployeesareencouragedtostretchthetruth 夸大事实 言过其实 Butgivenhisresults workassessment wherehonestyisapriority mightbebestdoneusingemail B更多雇主会使用电子邮件与员工交流 最后一段Hancock举的第二个例子是鼓励人们使用电子邮件的 但这一建议不是要求雇主们使用电子邮件 而是要求雇员们使用 Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat honestyshouldbeencouragedininterpersonalcommunicationsmoreemployerswilluseemailstocommunicatewiththeiremployersSuitablemediashouldbechosenfordifferentcommunicationpurposesEmailisnowthedominantmediumofcommunicationwithinacompany 例 Hancockhopeshisresearchwillhelpcompaniesworkoutthebestwaysfortheiremployeestocommunicate Forinstance thephonemightbethebestmediumforsaleswhereemployeesareencouragedtostretchthetruth 夸大事实 言过其实 Butgivenhisresults workassessment wherehonestyisapriority mightbebestdoneusingemail C 应针对不同的交流目的 采取合适的媒介 文章最后举了情况不同的两个例子 每个例子适宜使用的媒介也不同 这说明在特定情况下 应选用特定的交流媒介 与C的说法一致 Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat honestyshouldbeencouragedininterpersonalcommunicationsmoreemployerswilluseemailstocommunicatewiththeiremployersSuitablemediashouldbechosenfordifferentcommunicationpurposesEmailisnowthedominantmediumofcommunicationwithinacompany 例 Hancockhopeshisresearchwillhelpcompaniesworkoutthebestwaysfortheiremployeestocommunicate Forinstance thephonemightbethebestmediumforsaleswhereemployeesareencouragedtostretchthetruth 夸大事实 言过其实 Butgivenhisresults workassessment wherehonestyisapriority mightbebestdoneusingemail D 电子邮件目前是公司内主要交流媒介 文中没有提到这一点 Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat honestyshouldbeencouragedininterpersonalcommunicationsmoreemployerswilluseemailstocommunicatewiththeiremployersSuitablemediashouldbechosenfordifferentcommunicationpurposesEmailisnowthedominantmediumofcommunicationwithinacompany 3因果关系处给出原因推断结果 或给出结果推断原因例 Thenthereisthegeneral allcoveringapology whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificactthatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting andwhichthepersonwhoisapologizingshouldpromisenevertodoagain Saying I muselessasaparent doesnotcommitapersontoanyspecificimprovement Itisnotadvisabletousethegeneral all coveringapologybecause A itgetsoneintothehabitofmakingemptypromisesB itmaymaketheotherpersonfeelguiltyC itisvagueandineffectiveD itishurtfulandinsulting 例 Thenthereisthegeneral allcoveringapology whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificactthatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting andwhichthepersonwhoisapologizingshouldpromisenevertodoagain Thenthereisthegeneral allcoveringapology whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificact andwhichthepersonshouldpromisenevertodoagain thatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting Whoisapologizing 分解为以下几个句子 1 Thenthereisthegeneral allcoveringapology然后就有了一种一般意义的 无所不包的道歉2 Whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificact这种道歉避免了一种指明特别行为的必要性3 Thatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting3特别是让人伤心或者令人委屈的行为4 Andwhichtheperson这种道歉使得人们5 Whoisapologizing 道歉的人们6 Shouldpromisenevertodoagain承诺以后不再犯类似的行为 例 Thenthereisthegeneral allcoveringapology whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificactthatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting andwhichthepersonwhoisapologizingshouldpromisenevertodoagain 然后还有一种泛泛的无所不包的道歉 这种道歉避免了一种指明特别让人伤心 特别令人委屈的 道歉者应该保证以后不会再犯的具体行为 例 Thenthereisthegeneral allcoveringapology whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificactthatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting andwhichthepersonwhoisapologizingshouldpromisenevertodoagain Saying I muselessasaparent doesnotcommitapersontoanyspecificimprovement 说 作为父亲我真没有用 是不能对孩子形成具体的指导 Itisnotadvisabletousethegeneral all coveringapologybecause A itgetsoneintothehabitofmakingemptypromisesB itmaymaketheotherpersonfeelguiltyC itisvagueandineffectiveD itishurtfulandinsulting 4主题句处文章或段落的主旨常以主题句的形式出现 一般位于篇章的开头或篇末注意事项 1 看似合理的