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Date 2012Page 1 of 6University of Newcastle upon Tyne School of Marine Science phased out by 1994 when only G T shown for a ship Gross Tonnage has no units i e it is just a number but is a function of internal volume and thus a measure of overall ship size Used for charging port dues and eligibility for safety and other regulations Geared Applied to a ship that carries its own cargo handling gear especially bulk carriers with cranes General Cargo Non bulk dry cargoes typically consignments of manufactured goods each less than a shipload Handysize Term describing a bulk carrier of about 20 40 000 tonnes deadweight capable of entering almost any port having own cargo gear Handymax Ditto but deadweight about 40 55 000 usually with cranes Hague Rules Form the schedule and guidelines to the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act So called because format is based on that agreed at International Conference at The Hague in 1921 HFO Heavy fuel oil Typical fuel burned in slow speed diesel engines and boilers Hub Port A centrally located port where main line services and cargo are transferred to or from feeder local services typically distributing containers Examples Rotterdam Singapore H W O S T High Water Ordinary Spring Tides IMO International Maritime Organisation United Nations organisation based in London responsible for developing international ship safety regulations and agreeing subsequent conventions for application via flag states Insurance Marine Practice dating to the time of the Phoenicians whereby in consideration of payment of a premium an underwriter agrees to indemnify the assured i e insured against losses caused by maritime perils generally damage or loss to hull and machinery only See also P I Clubs ISM International Safety Management code ISPS International Ship and Port Security code New regulations following 9 11 Jetsam Goods cast or lost overboard from a ship which are recoverable through being washed ashore KG Kommandit Gesellschaft German partnership fund for financing ship purchase typically raising money from wealthy individuals Similar in Scandinavia KS Knot Ship speed unit of one nautical mile per hour 1 n m 1852m Lane metres Length of deck space with lanes about 3m wide for stowing trailers on ro ro ships Lay days Number of days allowed by a charter party for loading or discharging cargo LCL Less than container load Consignments that need to be loaded with other cargo to fill a container FCL Full container load L E F O Lands End for orders Allows selection of European discharge port say for tankers from Middle East to be deferred to last moment arrival off SW UK Liner Vessel engaged in a regular scheduled service carrying general cargo on a particular route or line LNG Liquefied Natural Gas 162C LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas Loadline Mark on ship s side indicating deepest allowable immersion under various conditions Governed by international rules Lo Lo Lift on Lift off e g cargo handled by cranes through hatchways in the deck 4 Log book Official Log book kept on board in accordance with the requirements of the Merchant Shipping Act 1894 Loss Total Ship or other insured thing is so damaged as to cease to be a thing of the kind insured or the assured is irretrievably deprived of it Loss Partial Ship or other insured thing is damaged but not irretrievably so May be described as either a General Average or a Particular Average loss q v Loss Constructive Total CTL Ship or other insured thing is so damaged that the cost of repair would exceed its value when repaired so full insured value paid LR Lloyds Register British based major classifiactioo society LR1 LR2 Long Range 1 2 Oil product tankers LR1 can transit Panama Canal up to about 80000 dwt LR2 too large for Panama aka Aframax L W O S T Low Water Ordinary Spring Tides Likely minimum depth of water in a port Managing Owner Person who is registered as owner of a ship MARAD Maritime Administration US government department Master Certified Officer in charge of a ship and custodian of the interests of the owner popularly known as Captain Merchant Shipping Act Principal Acts governing the operation of British ships various years M Notices Periodical numbered notices issued by Department of Transport or whatever its current title mainly relating to safety matters on board British ships Now available on line MR Medium Range i e oil product tanker size range of about 25 50000 dwt Multi purpose vessel A general cargo vessel usually with good cargo gear and a tween deck with a good container carrying capability Neobulk Cargoes carried in shiploads handled piecewise e g steel or forest products NKK Nippon Kaiji Kyokai Japanese based major classification society No cure No pay Salvage principle based on Lloyd s standard salvage agreement whereby no salvage payments are made unless the distressed ship is saved N R T Net Registered Tonnage Registered implies measured under the pre 1982 rules Used as measure of the volume of revenue earning spaces cargo and passenger hence less than GT but little used today NVOCC Non vessel owning common carrier Typically a container ship operator who charters ships rather than owns them OBO Oil Bulk Ore ship type of combination carrier Declining numbers Offhire Period when a timechartered ship is unavailable to the charterer e g under repair Official Number Number assigned to British ship when she is first registered It is cut into a main hatch beam Panamax Bulk carrier of near maximum size to pass through Panama Canal Maximum breadth of 32 2m deadweight about 55 80 000 tonnes Post Panamax are ships too large for the Canal especially container ships See also LR2 Parcels tanker Chemical products carrier where many different parcels of cargo are carried on the same ship Pax Abbreviation for passengers e g ro pax passenger cargo ro ro vessel PCTC Pure Car Truck Carrier i e a special type of ro ro ship mainly for cars Port State Control System whereby surveyors of the nation at whose port a ship calls make safety inspections as opposed to ship s own flag surveyors to IMO standards 5 Products carrier Tanker designed to carry refined oil products Clean white products include gasoline kerosene and lub oil Black dirty products include heavy fuel oil Protection and Indemnity Clubs P I Clubs Organisations financed mutually by shipowners annual contributions to cover owners third party liabilities for which marine insurance cover is not available e g repatriation of sick seamen Rebate Deferred Conference inducement to shippers by which a part of freight paid is refunded after a given period provided that during that time the shipper has not employed non conference tonnage Reefer Refrigerated cargo ship usually multi deck with cargo on pallets Registry Port of Port at which ship is registered Marked on stern of ship together with IMO number a unique ship identifier Regulations for Prevention of Collisions at Sea Internationally agreed rules governing manoeuvring of traffic at sea COLREGS Ro Ro Roll on Roll off ship for wheeled cargoes Cargo access via doors and ramps in sides or ends of ship Ro Pax Ro Ro cargo vessel with passenger capacity Salvage Service performed by salvor Also money paid for those services successfully performed In general refers to the voluntary and successful rescue of property which is in danger S D R Special Drawing Rights Composite international currency unit sometimes used in financial or commercial circles e g calculating Suez Canal dues SECA Sulphur emission control areas In regions like the Baltic only low sulphur fuels may be used in ships SHex Sundays and holidays excluded Abbreviation used in charters to calculate working days in port laytime SHinc Sundays and holidays included S I T C Standard International Trade Classification A numbering system to identify commodities recorded in international trade statistics Stowage Factor Specific volume of cargo items e g cu m per tonne cu ft per ton used to calculate cargo capacity needed to stow a given weight of cargo Strike Club Form of P I Club to insure against delay due to dock tug etc strikes Sub letting re let Practice by which a ship on time charter to one company is further chartered to another company e g in oil transportation Suezmax tanker A tanker of about 150000 tonnes deadweight which was about the largest in the 1980s that could transit the Suez Canal fully laden to about 16 5m draft Such a ship had a capacity of about one million barrels of oil a popular parcel size so the term is still widely used although the Suez Canal has since been enlarged to accommodate bigger ships TEU Twenty foot Equivalent Units measure of container ship capacity measured as 20ft 6 1m slots Slots over 20 ft are included e g one 40 ft 2 TEU FEU Forty foot Equivalent Units Timecharter Method of hiring an operational ship typically by cargo owner for a specified period of time e g one year Charterer pays voyage costs like fuel Freight usually X per day is paid according to the ship s capability irrespective of the actual cargo carried and ports called at Trip charter is a time charter for one round voyage Title XI Procedure in USA of applying for financial loans and construction differential subsidy Tonnage deadweight displacement Various measurements of tonnage First two are measure gross of mass or weight last two measure of volume See above net Tonnage Panama Canal Special tonnage on which Panama Canal dues are levied Owing to definitions different usually higher from GT and NT Suez Canal also have own rules Panama also levies charges on containers on deck 6 Tonnage Tax A means by which a country levies tax on its shipping companies by reference to the tonnage of its fleet rather than its profits Generally the shipowner pays less tax Tramp General cargo or bulk vessel employed in the charter market picking up the most profitable cargo available Obsolescent terminology which was widely used for tween deckers general cargo ships with an intermediate deck Tween deck An intermediate deck below the upper deck in general cargo vessels providing shelf space Between deck Underwriter Person or company who underwrites insures insurance risks by charging a premium and paying out claims for loss Unitized Cargo Cargo made up into unit loads that is loads of suitable size shape and weight for mechanical handling and stowage Typically containers trailers or pallets U N C T A D United Nations Conference on Trade and Development U S A C United States Atlantic Coast Loading discharge area in ship charters U S N H United States North of Cape Hatteras U S P C United States Pacific Coast U