2012年1月SAT真题句子填空全文翻译精讲.doc

2012年1月SAT真题句子填空全文翻译精讲2012.1 真题1. Jacob felt great _ about his upcoming trip to Brazil; indeed, he could hardly contain his enthusiasm.A. concern B. uncertainty C. confusion D. generosity E. excitement中文释义：雅各布对于即将开始的巴西之旅感到非常兴奋，确实是这样，他几乎难以抑制他的热情。题意解析：分号后是对前半句的进一步解释说明，表明雅各布对于巴西之旅很期待，因此他的感受应该是比较兴奋，E项正确，A项意思是关注，B项是不确定，C项是混乱，D项是慷慨大方，均不合句意。词汇解释：upcoming：即将到来的；forthcoming, approachingcontain：1. 包含 comprise, include；2. 控制；to keep within limits; 3. 容纳；to have with, hold; 4. 牵制；check, halt 2. The professors classroom manner was quite_, never revealing the warmth and playfulness she showed in private.A. witty B. sincere C. lively D. formal E. friendly中文释义：这位教授的课堂举止非常严肃，和她在私下里表现出的热情风趣一点也不一样。题意解析：never作为连接词表明前后半句句意相反，教授私下的表现与课堂上不同，从后半句中可以看出平时比较热情，于是课堂上时就应该是严谨认真，所以D项正确。A项意思是机智的，B项是真诚的，C项是活泼的，E项是友好的，均不合题意，所以排除。经典例句：Over the years, teaching methods have changed and become less formal. 这几年来，教学方法已有改变，不是那么正式了。词汇解释：reveal：显示，揭露；to make (something secret or hidden) publicly or generally known 3. Instead of taking notes during the interview, the journalist recorded the celebritys remarks on tape and later _them.A. disavowed B. transcribed C. anticipated D. retracted E. recollected中文释义：这位记者在采访中并没有记笔记，而是用磁带录下这位名人的言论，之后再转录下来。题意解析：从句意可以看出该记者在采访时不做笔记而是录下来，也就意味着录完以后再记录，由此推出正确选项是B转录。A项意思是拒绝否认，C项是预期期望，D项是撤销，E项是回忆，想起，均不合题意，所以排除。 4. Like several other important advances in medicine, penicillin was a somewhat_discovery resulting from _combination of blind chance and technical expertise.A. progressive . a reliable B. wonderful . an unlucky C. untimely . a profitableD. ordinary . an unfortunate E. accidental . a favorable中文释义：正如其他重大医学进展一样，青霉素是由机遇与专业技术相结合的意外发现。题意解析：由like可知，青霉素与其他医学进步一样是一项有利的发现，由此排除C项及D项具有贬义的单词，由blind chance推出该发现是个偶然，所以E项正确。词汇解释：untimely：1. 不合时宜的；badly timed, uncommonly early or before the expected time；2. 过早的；before the due, natural, or proper timesomewhat：有点，多少；in some degree or measure 5. Author Luis Zalamea calls novel writing a _ experience, one that cleanses him of feelings of rebellion and frustration.A. subliminal B. perpetual C. stupefying D. cathartic E. corrosive中文释义：作家路易斯萨拉梅亚将创作小说称为宣泄情感的经历，即它清除了反叛与沮丧之感。题意解析：逗号后为空格部分做了解释，也就是说创作小说能够清除反叛和沮丧之感，那么就意味着这是一个清洁净化的过程，因此D项感情宣泄正确。A项意思是潜意识的，B项是永久的，C项是使发呆的，E项是腐蚀的，均不合题意，所以排除。经典例句：It was actually a cathartic experience to write my autobiography. 写自传确实是我一次宣泄情感的经历。 6. The scientist was _in her evaluation of her own research, choosing to analyze and report on seemingly _ results as well as those that were more expected.A. meticulous . aberrant B. resolute . embryonic C. deferential . convoluted D. objective . quotidian E. myopic . unequivocal中文释义：这个科学家评估她自己的研究时非常谨小慎微，除了选择预料中的结果进行分析并报告外，她也将看起来异常的结果纳入考虑范围。题意解析：as well as通常连接的是由对比性的词组，所以这里应该是反义重复，第二个空格应选择与“符合预料”相反意思的词，即不合常规的；另外由于该科学家同时将预料中的结果和异常结果都进行分析，说明她是非常谨慎的，A项中两个单词都符合该语境，所以选择A项。词汇解释：meticulous： 一丝不苟的，谨小慎微的；marked by extreme or excessive care in the consideration or treatment of detailsaberrant：异常的；straying from the right or normal wayresolute：坚决的，果断的；marked by firm determinationembryonic：1. 胚胎的；of or relating to an embryo；2. 初期的；being in an early stage of developmentdeferential：恭敬的，顺从的；showing or expressing deferenceconvoluted：1. 复杂的；involved, intricate；2. 旋绕的；having convolutionsquotidian：每日的，平凡的；occurring everyday, commonplace, ordinarymyopic：1. 近视的；a condition in which the visual images come to a focus in front of the retina of the eye resulting especially in defective vision of distant objects；2. 目光短浅的；lacking foresight or scopeunequivocal：1. 明确的；leaving no doubt； 2. 无疑的；unquestionable 7. Writer John Worthen suggested that, in some cases, biographers should be _, considering all available details rather than making _ a first principle.A.forthright . relevance B. cynical . incrimination C. inclusive . selection D. libelous . discrimination E. comprehensive . drudgery中文释义：作家约翰沃森认为，在某些情况下，传记作家应该追求包罗万象，考虑到所有可以获得的信息而不是把精挑细选作为首要原则。题意解析：非谓语动词considering 的作用是解释说明空格中单词的意思，即考虑到所有可用信息，所以第一个空格应该是inclusive 或者comprehensive；rather than 引导的下半句意思应该和前面的意思相反，与考虑所有信息相反的词应该是考虑部分信息，即挑选信息，因此正确选项应该是C。词汇解释：forthright：直截了当的；free from ambiguity or evasiveness : going straight to the pointcynical：愤世嫉俗的；having or showing the attitude or temper of a cynicincrimination：控告；charge with or show evidence or prove of involvement in a crime or faultlibelous：诽谤的；constituting or including a libelcomprehensive：1. 综合的，广泛的；covering completely or broadly；2. 有理解力的；having or exhibiting wide mental graspdrudgery：苦工，苦差事；dull, irksome, and fatiguing work 8. Grover Pease Osbornes 1893 economics treatise was remarkably _ since it foresaw that technological advances would increase the availability of natural resources.A. naive B. tenacious C. prescient D. influential E. intelligible中文释义：格罗弗皮斯奥斯本1893年的经济学专题论文非常有先见之明，因为它预见到技术发展会提高对自然资源的利用率。题意解析：since 引导的是一个因果关系从句，解释了这个论文预见了之后发生的事情，由此可知空格部分应该是和foresee有相同意思的单词，C项“预见的，有先见之明的”符合题意。A项意思是天真，B项意思是黏着力强的，D项是有影响力的，E项是可以理解的。treatise：论述，论述，专著；a systemic exposition or argument in writing including a methodical discussion of the facts and principles involved and conclusions reached 9. Due to the _ of architect Benjamin Banneker, the remarkable street plan for Washington, D.C., that had nearly been abandoned was _ and carried out.A. artistry . rejected B. persistence .revived C. pessimism . originated D. cautiousness . postponed E. foresight . ignored中文释义：由于建筑家本杰明班尼克的坚持，这个非常优秀但却几乎被放弃的华盛顿特区街道计划得以重新启动并实施。题意解析：由第二个空格前后可知该街道计划是差点被放弃但最终得到实施，所以该空应该是被重新启动，因此B项更合题意，而这个计划之所以没有被抛弃一定是建筑师的坚持才被重新重视的，所以第一个空填persistence。词汇解释：artistry：1. 艺术效果；artistic quality of effect or workmanship；2. 艺术性；artistic abilityrevive：1. 复活，苏醒；to restore to consciousness or life；2. 恢复精神；to restore from a depressed, inactive, or unused state；回想起；to renew in the mind or memoryforesight：1. 预见；an act or the power of foreseeing；2. 先见之明；provident care人物介绍：Benjamin Banneker Benjamin Banneker (1731-1806) was a free African American scientist, surveyor, almanac author and farmer. Born in Baltimore County, Maryland, to a free African American woman and a former slave, Banneker had little formal education and was largely self-taught. 本杰明班尼克是一个自由的非裔美国人，科学家，测量员，历书作家及农民。出生于马里兰州的巴尔的摩郡，母亲是一个自由的非裔美国人，并曾是一名奴隶，班尼克没有受过什么正规教育，主要是自学成才。 10. Because marine algae indirectly remove atmospheric carbon dioxide, a major_in marine algae populations might result in _ levels of carbon dioxide.A. transformation . perceptible B. reduction . elevated C. explosion . increasedD. decline . stabilized E. change . uniform中文释义：因为海洋中的藻类间接地移除大气中的二氧化碳，所以海洋中藻类的种群大量减少可能会导致二氧化碳含量增加。题意解析：由上半句可知海洋藻类可消除二氧化碳，所以藻类的数量与二氧化碳是成反比关系，因此两个空格的单词应该是反义的，藻类增加会减少二氧化碳，或者藻类减少会增加二氧化碳，只有B项符合这个关系。词汇解释：perceptible：可感知的；capable of being perceived esp. by the senses 11. Keatss poetry was called _ by those critics who noted that he indulged in sensuous imagery and luxuriant diction.A. voluptuous B. imperious C. sheepish D. harmonious E. pedantic中文释义：济慈的诗歌在评论家的眼里是艳丽的，他们认为他沉浸于追求美感的意象和华丽的辞藻。题意解析：由who连接的部分可以看出评论家们认为济慈沉浸于追求美感和华丽辞藻，由此可见他们对济慈诗歌的评论应该是意思相近的词，所以A项“撩人的，感官的”正确。B项意思是专横的、傲慢的，C项是懦弱的，D项是和谐的，E项是迂腐的，均不合题意，所以排除。词汇解释：indulge：1. 纵容；to give free rein to；2. 沉溺于to take unstrained pleasure inluxuriant：1. 肥沃的；yielding abundantly；2. 丰富的；abundantly and often extravagantly rich and varied；奢华的；characterized by luxury人物介绍：Keats John Keats (1795-1821), an English Romantic poet. He was one of the main figures of the second generation of Romantic poets along with Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley, despite his work only having been in publication for four years before his death. 约翰济慈，英国浪漫主义诗人。他与拜伦和雪莱齐名，被认为是第二代浪漫主义诗人的杰出代表，虽然在他去世前四年他的作品才发表出来。 12. Even when offstage, the acting troupe exhibited the _ behavior usually associated with histrionic temperaments.A. pessimistic B. torpid C. exaggerated D. judicious E. ingenuous中文释义：即使在后台，表演剧团所表现出的夸张行为都是跟戏剧气质息息相关的。题意解析：空格部分要填入一个修饰行为举动的形容词，并且这种行为举动是和戏剧表演相关的，只有C项exaggerated“夸张”一词可以体现这一意思。A项意思是消极的，B项是麻痹的，D项是判断正确的，E项是正直的或天真的。词汇解释：temperament：气质，性格；characteristic or habitual inclination or mode of emotional response 13. Danielle was easily the most _ of her classmates, rarely willing to compromise or even listen to others pleas.A. discreet B. deferential C. loquacious D. obdurate E. rapacious中文释义：丹妮尔无疑是同学中最固执的，她很少会妥协或者听取别人的恳求。题意解析：空格部分应填入描写丹妮尔性格的形容词，由下半句她从不妥协或者听从别人的恳求可知她应该是一个十分固执的人，因此D项“固执的”正确。A项意思是谨慎的，B项是恭敬的，C项是多话的，E项是贪婪的，均不合题意，所以排除。词汇解析：plea：1. 恳求，请求；an earnest entreaty；2. 辩解，辩护；a defendants answer to a plaintiffs declaration in common-law practice 14. Marie Curie is _ among female Nobel Prize winners: she alone has been honored in two different fields.A. unique B. unsung C. immune D. resigned E. helpless中文释义：在女性诺贝尔奖得主中，玛丽居里是比较特殊的一位：她一个人就在两个不同的领域获此殊荣。题意解析：由冒号后内容可知，玛丽居里一人就两次在两个不同领域获得诺贝尔奖，这是非常卓越和罕见的，就可以判断出这是一项特殊并且稀有的成就，只有A选项“独特的”最接近题干意思，所以A项正确。B项意思是被埋没的，C项是免疫的，D项是辞职的，E项是无助的，均不合题意，所以排除。词汇解析：unsung：（歌）未唱的；not sung；未被诗歌赞颂的，埋没的；not celebrated or praised (as in song or verse）人物介绍：Marie Curie Marie Curie (1867-1934) a Polish physicist and chemist, working mainly in France,2 who is famous for her pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the only woman to win in two fields, and the only person to win in multiple sciences. 玛丽居里，波兰裔法国籍物理学家和化学家，她因在放射性领域的开创性研究而著名。她是第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女性，并且是唯一的在两个领域获奖的女性，也是唯一的在多想科学领域中获奖的人。 15. John Updikes literary _ was _: it included novels, short stories, essays, poetry, criticism, childrens books, and more.A. output . diverse B. technique . limited C. analysis . genericD. achievement . minimal E. judgment . commonplace中文释义：约翰厄普代克的文学作品多种多样：包括小说，短篇故事，论文，诗歌，文学评论，儿童书籍以及其他作品。题意解析：冒号后半句是对前半句的解释说明，由后半句可看出多种多样的文学形式被列举出来，可以推断出该作家的作品是多种多样的，只有A项符合文意。词汇解析：output：输出，产量；something producedgeneric：1. 类的；relating or characteristic of a whole group；2. 一般的；having no particular distinctive quality or applicationcommonplace：1. 老生常谈；an obvious or trite comment；2. 普通的东西；something commonly found；3. 平凡的；ordinary, unremarkable人物介绍：John Updike John Updike (1932-2009), American novelist, poet, short story writer, art critic, and literary critic. Updikes most famous work is his Harry Rabbit Angstrom series, which chronicles Rabbits life over the course of several decades, from young adulthood to his death. 约翰厄普代克，美国小说家，诗人，短篇小说作家，艺术评论家以及文学评论家。厄普代克最著名的作品是他的系列小说“兔子四部曲”，其中记述了“兔子”从年轻到死亡的几十年的生活过程。 16. While most pets are relatively _ in a veterinarians office, occasionally vets have to treat more aggressive animal patients.A. fastidious B. defensive C. surreptitious D. docile E. diminutive中文释义：尽管大多数宠物在兽医诊疗室相对温顺，但是偶尔兽医也要治疗比较有攻击性的动物。题意解析：由while引导的对比关系，由下半句可知兽医偶尔要治疗有攻击性的动物，那么大多数情况下宠物应该是温顺的，因此D项“温顺的，驯服的”正确。A项意思是挑剔的，B项是防御性的，C项是秘密的，E项是微小的，均不合题意，所以排除 17. Biodemographer S. Jay Olshansky regards commercial products that promise to stop aging as _, arguing that while these nostrums might possibly _ some of agings superficial manifestations, they cannot touch the process at its core.A. humbuggery . elude B. foreshadowing . thwart C. quackery . forestallD. sophistry . enhance E. balderdash . mimic中文释义：生态人口统计学家S. 杰伊奥利尚斯基认为那些承诺会阻止衰老的商品都是无稽之谈，他的观点是也许这些药品能够暂缓一些衰老的表面特征，但是它们根本无法触及该过程的本质。题意解析：第一个空格后的while引导的对比关系，后半句说这些产品难以触及该过程实质，那么前半句就是它们可能会改变或者阻止衰老现象的表象，因此第二个空可以排除A，D，E三项，由最后一句话的意思可以推导出这位人口统计学家是不认可这些商品的作用的，由此排除B项，正确选项为C。词汇解析：nostrum：万能药；a medicine of secret composition recommended by its preparer but usu. without scientific proof of its effectivemanifestation：1. 表现；the act, process, or an instance of manifesting；2. 示威运动；a public demonstration of power and purposehumbuggery：诈骗，欺骗；something designed to deceive or misleadelude：逃避，躲避；to avoid adroitlythwart：1. 反对；to oppose successfully；2. 横过；to pass through or acrossquackery：骗子行为；the practices or pretension of a quackforestall：1. 垄断；to prevent the normal trading in by buying or diverting goods or by persuading persons to raise prices；2. 预先阻止；to exclude, hinder, or prevent by prior occupation or measures；3. 占先一步；to get aheadsophistry：诡辩，诡辩法；subtly deceptive reasoning or argumentationbalderdash：胡言乱语；nonsense人物介绍：Stuart Jay Olshansky Stuart Jay Olshansky (born in 1954) is a Professor in the School of Public Health at the University of Illinois at Chicago and a Research Associate at the Center on Aging at the University of Chicago and at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. 斯图尔特 杰伊奥利尚斯基，芝加哥伊利诺伊大学公共卫生学医教授，并在芝加哥大学老龄化中心和伦敦卫生和热带医学学医任助理研究员。 18. Rosario _ on the problem at length, but no amount of extended reflection could provide her with a satisfactory solution.A. collaborated B. extemporized C. expounded D. expostulated E. ruminated中文释义：罗萨里奥对这个问题反复思考了很久，但是想再多也想不出一个满意的解决方案。题意解析：由下半句中extended reflection可知他思考了很多，所以空格处填入reflection的动词同义词，E项“反复思考”正确。A项意思是合作、协作，B项是即兴演奏或演说，C项是解释说明，D项是劝诫，均不合题意，所以排除。经典例句：He sat alone, ruminating on the injustice of the world. 他独自坐着，思考世事的不公。 19. Be