初高中衔接英语之句型和词汇.doc

第十四章 重要句型 本章着重归纳初中英语的常用句型，取材于学生用书，旨在使学生了解和掌握重要句型。我们从初中开始就应该知道词不离句是学习英语的重要方法。有些人背课文上的词汇表，机械的一遍一遍的重复，往往记得快，但忘得也快。如果我们每天只是孤立的记一些意义不连贯的单词，单调刻板，容易疲劳生厌。孤零零的记单词，可以起突击记忆的作用。但要真正巩固，会用，一定要在句子和文章里多接触才行。采用“词不离句”这种学习方法，不仅容易记住词义。而且可以了解词的用法并掌握句型。所以记单词不如记短语，记短语不如记句子。这样记，把拼写、词义、用法和句型连在一起，可以提高学习效果。句型是从许多类似的句子总结出来的句子框架或核心句子。只要掌握这些句型和典型句子就能举一反三，触类旁通，收到事半功倍的效果。句型也是语法的项目，只有很好地掌握才能有效地学好语法。因此，应认真学习和掌握重要句型。下面按年级介绍重要句型。一年级重要句型1. 特殊疑问句及其答语1）What is your name? My name is Lilei. 你叫什么名字？我的名字是李磊。Whats this in English? Its a ruler. 这个用英语怎么说？是一把尺子。Whats one and two? Its three. 一加二等于多少？等于三。What are these? They are kites. 这些是什么，是风筝。What can you see in the picture? I can see a lot of people in it. 你在图画里看到了什么？ 我看见许多人。Whats the time? Its five twenty. 是什么时间？ 是5时20分。Whats wrong with the watch? Its broken . 手表怎么啦？ 它坏了。What would you like? I would like some cakes. 你喜欢什么？我喜欢一些蛋糕。What are you doing? Im doing my homework. 你正在做什么？我在做作业。What do you do? Im a worker. 你是干什么工作的？我是工人。What class are you in ? I am in Class 2 Grade 1. 你在哪个班？我在一年级2班。What color is the car? Its green. 那辆车是什么颜色的？是绿色的。What day is it today? Its Friday. 今天是星期几？星期五。What time do you have supper? I have supper at 7:30。2）Whos this? This is Lily. 这是谁？这是莉莉。Whos Lily? She is Lucys sister. 莉莉是谁？她是露西的妹妹。Whos the girl on the chair? 坐在椅子上的那个女孩是谁？Whos on duty today? Han Meimei is. 今天谁值日？是韩梅梅。3）Whose is this knife? Its his. 这是谁的刀子？是他的。Whose is this bedroom？ Its mine. 这是谁的卧室？是我的。Whose coats are these? They are theirs. 这些是谁的上衣？是他们的。4）Which food do you like? I like eggs and meat. 你喜欢哪种食物？我喜欢蛋和肉。Which man? The one in the white car. 哪位男士？ 在白色小汽车里面的那一位。5） Where is Jim? He is at home . 吉姆在哪里？他在家里。Wheres Lucys books? They are in her bag. 露西的书在哪里？在他的书包里。Where do you work? I work in Beijing. 你在哪里工作？我在北京工作。6） How are you? Im fine, thank you. 你好吗？我很好，谢谢。How do you do? How do you do?您好！您好！How do you spell it ? B-double-O K . 你是如何拼写的？B双写OK。How do you like Chinese food? I like it very much. 你认为中国菜怎么样？我十分喜欢。How old are you? Im nine. 你几岁？我九岁。How many birds can you see in the picture? I can see five. 你在图画里能看见多少只鸟？我能看见5只。How many chairs are there in the classroom? There are fifty-two. 教室里有多少张椅子？有52张。How many apples do you want? I want four. 你要多少个苹果？我要4个。How much meat do you want? I want one kilogram. 你要多少斤肉？我要一公斤。How much is the pen? Its 10 yuan. 那支笔多少钱？10 元。2 can / could + 主语+ 动词原形-？Can you spell you name? 你会拼写你的名字吗？Could you help him, please? 请你帮助他一下，好吗？3. I think + 宾语从句I think hes very old. 我认为他年纪很大了。I think its ten oclock now. 我想现在是10点钟了。4. everyone 后接第三人称单数动词Everyone knows the old teacher. 大家都认识那位老教师。Is everyone here today? 今天每个人都到了吗？5. orIs your friend a boy or a girl? 你的朋友是男孩还是女孩？Is your English teacher a man or a woman? 你的英语老师是男的还是女的？6. 以there/here 开头的倒装句Look ! There comes an old man. 瞧！ 一位老人走过来了。Heres a full bottle of orange. 给你一瓶满的橘汁。Here you are. 给你。7. 祈使句Please look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。Ask that woman! 请问那位女士！This way, please! 请这边走！Let me see. 让我想一想。Lets go and see Mr Wang. 让我们去看看王先生吧。Dont throw the frisby like that! 不要那样扔飞盘。8. look like 后接名词It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。I look like my mother. 我看起来像我母亲。9. go shopping, do the shopping I want to go shopping this afternoon. 今天下午我要去购物。 You can help me do the shopping, 你可以帮助我购物。10. class Three 后接单数或复数动词Class Three have a map. 3班有一幅地图。Class Three is a good class. 3班是个好的班级。11. Its + 形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+ turn Its my turn now. 现在轮到我了。Its Bills turn to be on duty today. 今天轮到比尔当值日生了。12. give 后接双宾语Give the twins the sweaters. 把毛衣给双胞胎。Please give me a cup of tea. 请给我一杯茶。We give some pictures to our friends. 我们给朋友们一些图画。13. Its time + to + 动词原形， Its time +for + 名词Its time to go to school. 该是上学的时间了。Its time for breakfast. 该是吃早餐的时间了。14. want + 名词， want + to + 动词原形They want some help. 他们需要一些帮助I want to put them in the box. 我想把他们放在箱子里。15. what about + 名词/代词What about this blue one? 这件蓝色的怎么样？What about a glass of milk? 喝杯牛奶怎么样？16. put + 名词/代词+awayPut your school books away, please.请把你们的学习用书收拾好。You must put away your things. 你必须把东西收好。Please put them away. 请把它们收好。 17. would you like +名词+ to + 动词原形Would you like some bananas? 你想要些香蕉吗？Would you like to eat an apple? 你想吃个苹果吗？18. get to +名词， get + 副词We get to school at seven. 我们7点到达学校。We get home very late. 我们很晚才到家。19. there + be There is a river near our school. 我们学校附近有一条河。Theres some milk in the glass. 杯子里有些牛奶。There are twenty girl students in our class. 我们班有20名女生。20. 通常some 用在肯定句， any 用在疑问句或否定句。There are some flowers under the tree. 树下有一些鲜花。Is there any milk in the glass? 玻璃杯里有牛奶吗？There are not any houses in the picture. 图画里没有任何房子。21. 动词help 的常用句型1）help +某人+动词原形My father helps me mend the bike. 我父亲帮助我修理自行车。2）help + 某人+ to + 动词原形I help my mother to clean the window. 我帮助母亲擦窗户。3）help + 某人 + with + 名词The teachers help me with my lessons. 老师们帮助我学习功课。22. how many + 可数名词复数， how much + 不可数名词How many bottles of orange would you like? 你想要多少瓶橘汁呢？How much meat would you like? 你要多少肉呢？23. borrow , have - backCan I borrow your watch? 我可以借你的手表吗？Can I have my kite back? 我可以把我的风筝要回来吗？24. 动词have 的常用句型1）肯定句I have many good friends at school. 我在学校有许多好朋友。My father has two sisters. 我父亲有两个姐姐。2）否定句They dont have any bananas. 他们没有任何香蕉。He doesnt have any brothers. 他没有任何兄弟。1） 疑问式Do you have any pencils.？ 你有铅笔吗？Does Jim have any Chinese friends? 吉姆有中国朋友嘛？25. where is /are + 主语 + fromWhere is your teacher from? He is from England. 你的老师是哪里人？ 他是英国人。26. how do you like + 名词How do you like Beijing? 你觉得北京怎么样？How do you like this picture? 你觉得这幅画怎么样？27. 动词 like - a little/ a lot, dont /doesnt like -at allShe likes it a little. 他有点喜欢它。 She likes it a lot .她非常喜欢它。Li lei doesnt like milk at all. 李磊一点也不喜欢牛奶。二年级重要句型1. welcome to + 地点Welcome to China. 欢迎来到中国。Welcome to our school! 欢迎光临我校！2a new pair of shoesHe has a new pair of shoes. 他有一双新鞋。I want a small piece of bread. 我要一小片面包。3call + 宾语+ 宾语补足语Please dont call me Lily. 请不要叫我莉莉。He called his daughter Lucy. 他把女儿叫做露西。4 by + 交通工具或方式， on footThey often go to Shanghai by bus train ship plane. 他们常乘公共汽车、火车、船、飞机去上海。They will go to London by air land sea water.I always go to school on foot. 我总是步行去学校。5Its a fine day for +名词Its a fine day for swimming. 这是适合游泳的好天气。6.形容词，副词比较级的常用句型1) 比较级：形容词、副词比较级+ thanHe is taller than his father. 她比他父亲高。He goes to school later than his brother. 他上学比他弟弟迟。2） 最高级： 形容词、副词最高级 + of in Jim is the tallest of us all. (必须有the ) 吉姆是我们大家中最高的。Li lei goes to school (the ) earliest in our class. 在我们班李雷上学最早。7 名词 +with + 某物 + in + 代词I like the mooncakes with nutes in them. 我喜欢那些里面有果仁的月饼。I like the book with pictures in it. 我喜欢有图画的那本书。8 感叹句的常用句型1） how + 形容词、副词+ 主语|+ 谓语How beautiful the girl is! 那位女孩多漂亮啊！How hard our teacher works! 我们老师工作真勤奋！2） what + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 +谓语What a strong boy he is! 他是多么健壮的孩子啊！What delicious food! 多可口的食物啊！9 thank + 某人 + for+ 动词-ingI must thank him for telling me the news. 我必须感谢他告诉我那个消息。Thank you for giving me the message. 谢谢你转告我那个口信。10be going to + 动词不定式We are going to play basketball. 我们打算去打篮球。There is going to be a meeting this afternoon. 今下午将有一个会议。11be busy with + 名词 、 动词-ingHe is busy with his homework. 他在忙于做家庭作业。The farmers are busy picking apples. 农民们正在忙于摘苹果。12shall I we -?Shall I go to help you ? 我去帮助你， 好吗？Shall we go out for lunch? 我们出去吃午饭， 好吗？13 make it + 时间I think we can make it six thirty. 我想我们可以把时间定在6点半。14 be good at + 名词、动词-ing His sister is good at English. 她妹妹擅长英语。Are you good at reading maps? 你善于看地图吗？15. I dont think + 宾语从句 （ 肯定式）I dont think chichens can swim. 我认为鸡是不会游泳的。I dont think his father is right. 我认为他父亲不对。16stop + 不定式， stop + 动词-ingWe stopped to help the old man. 我们停下来去帮助那位老人。Please stop talking and the class begins now. 请停止讲话，现在开始上课。17 keep + 宾语 + 形容词We must keep it cool. 我们必须保持它凉爽。The other students in the class keep their eyes closed. 班上的其他学生闭着眼睛。18had better + 动词原形You had better do your homework at night. 你最好晚上做家庭作业。Youd better not go home today. 你今天最好不回家。19be sorry + 动词不定式I am sorry to be late. 很抱歉我迟到了。I am sorry to tell you that he is not here. 我遗憾地告诉你他不在这里。20比较级 + and + 比较级It is getting colder and colder. 天气正在变的越来越冷。Beijing becomes more and more beautiful. 北京变的越来越美。21一般过去式与ago 连用I saw her at the library two years ago. 两个小时前我在图书馆见过他。22 was were bornHe was born on May 4, 1995. 他生于1995年5月4日。When and where were you born? 你生于何年何地？23 由 because 引导原因状语从句He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill. 他因病昨天没有来学校。24 enjoy oneself, enjoy + 动词-ingThe children enjoyed themselves that night. 那天晚上孩子们玩的很痛快。Boys enjoy playing football, 男孩喜欢踢足球。25 由 when 引导的时间状语从句When I got there, he was at work. 我到那里时， 他正在工作。26 make + 宾语 + 动词原形Dont make the children study all day. 别强迫孩子们整天学习。27. talk to /with + 某人， talk about + 某人、某地She is talking to (with) her sister. 她正在跟她妹妹谈话。What are you talking about? 你们正在谈论什么？28 be afraid of + 名词或+ that I am afraid of the cat ,我害怕那只猫。I am afraid that its going to rain. 恐怕天要下雨了。29 ask / tell + 某人 + 动词不定式You may ask him to help you. 你可以请他帮助你。 He told me to get up at half past six. 他叫我6点30分起床。30 反义疑问句： 陈述句+ 一般疑问句You didnt go to school yesterday, did you? 你昨天没有上学，对吗？Your mother wasnt at home then, was she? 你母亲当时不在家， 对吗？Her sister can swim, cant she? 他姐姐会游泳，对吗？31系动词 + 形容词His house is very old, 他的房子很旧了。She looks very young. 他看起来很年轻。He seems very happy today. 今天他似乎很高兴。It is getting cold. 天气正在转冷。The trees turn green. 树木变绿了。32get ready for + 名词We must get ready for the harvest. 我们必须为收割做好准备。33like better/ bestWhich do you like better, apples or bananas? 苹果和香蕉，你比较喜欢那一种？I like tomatoes best of all. 在所有的东西中我最喜欢西红柿。34go on + 动词-ing ， go on + for + 名词Lets go on singing English songs. 让我们继续唱英语歌吧。The rain went on for two days. 雨持续下了两天。35forget + 不定式 + ， forget +动词-ingWhen I left the room , I forgot to close the door. 离开房间时，我忘了关门。He forgot reading the book before. 他忘了以前曾经读过那本书。与forget用法相同的动词是： remember 如：Remember to phone her tomorrow. 记住明天给他打电话。I remember meeting him before. 我记得以前遇见过他。36so + 助动词 + 主语He likes swimming. So do I . 他喜欢游泳，我也是。She can skate. So can he. 她会滑冰，他也会。He fell off his bike. So did I . 他从自行车上摔下来，我也如此。37help someone/oneself to + 食品Shall I help you to some more rice? 要不要我给你再来点米饭。Help yourselves to the fruit. 各位请随便吃水果。38everything /something /anything/nothing + 形容词Is there anything interesting in the book? 那本书里有趣闻吗？There is still something different between towns and cities. 城镇与城市还是有些不同的。39turn right / left , turn to the right/left.Go along this street and turn left. 沿着这条街走，然后向左转。Walk along this road and turn to the right. 沿着这条马路走，然后向右转。40too + 形容词 +to + 动词原形He is too young to go to school. 他太小，还不能上学。He was too tired to speak. 他累得讲不出话来。41until 作为介词和连词的常用句型Ill wait here until ten oclock. 我将在这里一直等到10点。I didnt see her until today. 直到今天我才见到她。We didnt stop until it began to rain. 直到开始下雨，我们才停来。42teach oneself + 名词My father is teaching himself English.我父亲正在自学英语。 三年级重要句型1here are + 复数名词 + for + 某人Here are some letters for you. 这是给你的一些信。必须注意：here is 后接单数名词。如：Here is an English book for him. 这是给他的一本英语书。2hope + 宾语从句I hope you study English well . 我希望你学好英语。3both + of + 复数名词Both of my parents are teachers. 我的父母都是教师。3 why dont you + 动词原形Why dont you get up early? 你为什么不早起床？4 catch up with + 名词Now I have to work hard to catch up with my classmates. 现在我必须努力赶上同学们。5 be far behind + 某人You are far behind others, please catch up with them. 你落后别人了，请迎头赶上吧。6 drop + 某物 + on the ground He dropped the knife on the ground. 他把刀子扔到地上。8like /begin +不定式/动词-ingI like watching ( to watch ) TV in the evening. 晚上我喜欢看电视。9复数主语+ take turn sThe students take turns to stand up. 学生们轮流站起来。10形容词/副词 + enough Today the eggs are not cheap enough. 今天的蛋不够便宜。The teacher didnt speak loudly enough. 那位老师说话声音不够响亮。11show + sb + sthPlease show me the way to the station. 请给我指明去车站的路。12one of + 形容词最高级+ 复数名词Wuhan is one of the biggest cities in China. 武汉是中国最大的城市之一。13as + 形容词原级 +as , not as/so + 形容词原级 + asEnglish is as interesting as music. 英语像音乐一样有趣。She is not as careful as her sister. 她不像她妹妹那么细心。14. take +某物+ with +人You should take your pens and books with you. 你应随身带着笔和书。15. agree with +某人I agree with Miss Zhao. 我同意赵小姐的意见。16. prefer 常用句型1） 后接名词I prefer music. 我喜欢音乐。2） 与to 搭配使用He prefers apples to bananas. 他喜欢苹果胜过香蕉。3）用在选择疑问句Which do you prefer, tea or milk? 你喜欢哪一种，茶还是牛奶。17. find 的常用句型1） find + 名词He cant find his brother. 他找不到自己的兄弟。2） find +名词 + 形容词Youll find English useful after you leave school. 你毕业后会发现英语是有用的。3） find + it + 形容词 + 不定式I find it interesting to learn English. 我发现学英语很有趣。18. It is +时间段 +sinceIt is (has been) two days since he returned. 他回来已有两天了。19. every time 引导时间状语从句+主句Every time I see him, he feels very happy. 每次我看见他，他都感到高兴。20. 动词+ 宾语 + 动词-ing 作宾语补足语I saw some children playing in the park. 我看见一些孩子在公园里玩。He heard a voice calling his name. 他听到一个声音叫他的名字。21. Its +形容词+ of + 某人+动词不定式Its very kind of you to say so. 你这样说真是太好了。Its good of you to help me with my English. 你帮助我学习英语真好。22. as as possible / one can Please come as quickly as possible. 请尽快来。You must walk as fast as you can. 你必须尽快地走。23. take + 某人+ to + 某地Miss Zhao took us to a factory yesterday. 昨天赵小姐带我们去一家工厂。24. be strict with + 某人， be strict in + 某事Our teacher is very strict with us. 我们老师对我们要求很严格。Mary is very strict in her studies. 玛丽对自己的学习要求很严格。25. borrow + 某物+ from +某人Tom borrowed a bike from LiLei. 汤姆从李雷那里借来一辆自行车。26.动词+ 疑问词+ 不定式I dont know how to use a computer. 我不知道如何使用计算机。27. say to oneself “I havent forgotten anything.” She said to herself. “我什么都没有记住，” 他自言自语道。28. spend 的常用句型1） 表示“花费”时间He spent two hours (in) doing his homework yesterday. 昨天他花了两个小时做作业。2） 表示“花费”金钱Li lei spent ten yuan on the book. 李雷买那本书花了10元。29. do with + 某人/某物I dont know what to do with him. 我不知道如何对付他才好。What have you done with the pork? 那些猪肉你怎么处理了？30. what kinds of + 复数名词What kinds of subjects have you studied? 你学习了哪几种科目？31. since 的常用句型1） 和表示过去某一时刻的词连用He has worked in the factory since July. 自从7月份他就在这工厂工作了。2） 和表示过去某一时刻的词组连用She has been a teacher since five years ago. 自从5年前开始他就一直当老师。3）since引导一个从句Ive never seen him since he left. 自从他离开后，我一直未见到他。32. live in 大地点，live at + 小地点They live in England . 他们住在英国。Jim lives at 25 West Hill Street. 吉姆住在西山路25号。33. miss + 名词/ 动词-ingI missed the bus yesterday morning. 昨天上午我没赶上公交车。We missed visiting the factory. 我们错过了参观工厂。34. it用作形式主语代替后面的句子。Its true that he may fall behind the others. 真的他可能会落在别人的后面。Its easy that he may forget his Chinese. 他会很容易忘记中文。35. mind 的常用句式1） 与if 从句连用Do you mind if I close the window? 我关窗你介意吗？2） 后接动词-ing Would you mind opening the door? 把门打开你不反对吗？36. Which of these + 最高级Which of these cars would you most like to own? 这些汽车你最想拥有哪一种？37. what for （why）What do you study English for？ 你为什么要学英语？38. need +名词/ 动词-ingThe students need some help. 学生们需要一些帮助。This pair of shoes needs mending. 这双鞋需要修补。39. make sure + 不定式/从句Make sure to turn off the light before you go out.你出去以前务必把灯关掉。Make sure she has enough food every day. 务必让他每天都有足够的食物。40. 反义疑问句：-will you? /shall we ?Open the window, will you? 把窗打开，好吗？Lets go for a walk, shall we? 咱们去散散步，好吗？41. there be + 主语+ 分词短语There is a fire burning in the fireplace . 壁炉里正燃着火。There is an old man waiting for you at the school gate. 有一位老人在校门口等你。42. feel like +动词ingI dont feel like drinking milk now. 我现在不想喝奶。43. it 用作形式主语代替后面的不定式It is better to give than to receive. 给予比接收好。It is better to take a walk than to stay at home after supper. 晚饭后出去散步比呆在家里好。It is difficult to learn English well. 要学好英语是困难的。44.come/go+and+动词原形Come and have a cup of tea. 来喝杯茶吧。Can you go and buy some apples for me?你能去为我买些苹果吗？45. such +名词+ that 从句It was such hot weather that we couldnt fall asleep. 天气那么炎热，以致于我们不能入睡。（sothat与suchthat同义，但so后接形容词或副词。）46.decide+动词不定式We decided to visit a farm.我们决定参观一个农场。My father decides to buy a bike for me.我父亲决定给我买一辆自行车。47.cost , spend 和 pay 使用不同的句型1） cost的主语是物The book cost me eight yuan. 这本书花了我8元钱。2） spend 的主语是人，常与on 连用，或者 in doing。I spent 8 yuan on the book. 我花了8元钱买这本书。3） pay 的主语是人， 常与for 连用。I paid 8 yuan for the book. 买这本书我花了8元钱。48. be used for + 名词/动词-ing The pan is used for cooking. 平底锅是用来煮东西的。The sweater is used for keeping warm. 毛衣是用来保暖的。49. 行为动词 + so + 副词 + that 从句He spoke so fast that we couldnt understand him. 他说的这样快以致于我们听不懂他的话。50. 在when / if 从句中， 用一般现在时代替一般将来时When you have time you should have a good rest. 当你有时间的时候应好好休息。Ill talk to him if he comes tomorrow. 如果他明天来，我就跟他谈谈。51. hundred + 复数名词， hundreds of + 复数名词There are hundreds of students in the park. 公园里有数百名学生。52. in + 表示衣服（ 颜色）的词Mr Smith was in a blank coat . 史密斯先生穿着一件黑外套。The little girl in white is my sister. 那个穿着白衣服的小女孩是我的妹妹。53. so that + 状语从句He gets up early so that he may catch the bus. 他起早以便能赶上公共汽车。Everyone said “no”， so that the plan was dropped. 大家都反对，结果计划告吹了。54. be + being +doneMany trees are still being cut down. 许多树木现在仍被砍伐。A bank is being built near our school. 我校附近正建一家银行。55. 主语+ be + 数词+ 名词+ 形容词The river is two hundred meters wide . 这条河有200米宽。This street is over 300 meters long. 这条大街有300多米长。56. stop from +动词-ingThe mother stopped her so