高考英语语法基础考前快速复习-定语从句

嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用 第 1 页 共 4 页 2012 高考英语考前高考英语考前 10 天语法过一遍天语法过一遍 十二 定语从句十二 定语从句 I 定语从句起了形容词的作用 在句中修饰一个名词或代词 被修饰的词叫做先行词 引 导定语从句的词叫关系词 他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用 二是 在从句中担当一个成分 并与先行词保持数的一致 关系词 先行 词 从句 成分 例 句备 注 who人主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother whom人宾语 Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy whom she loved died in the war whose 人或 物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate that 人或 物 主语 宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly She is the pop star that I want to see very much which物 主语 宾语 The book which I gave you was worth 10 The picture which was about the accident was terrible whom which 和 that 在从句中做 宾语时 常可以 省略 但介词提 前时后面关系代 词不能省略 也 不可以用 that 关系代 词 as 人或 物 主语 宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us This is the same pen as I lost yesterday as 做宾语一般 不省略 when时间 时间 状语 I will never forget the day when we met there 可用 on which 关系副 词 where地点 地点 状语 This is the house where I was born 可用 in which 嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用 第 2 页 共 4 页 why原因 原因 状语 I can t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer 可用 for which II that 与 which who whom 的用法区别 情 况用法说明例 句 只用 that 的 情况 1 先行词为 all everything anything nothing little much 等不定代词时 2 先行词被 all any every each much little no some few 等修 饰时 3 先行词有形容词最高级和序数 词修饰时 4 先行词既指人又指物时 5 先行词被 the only the very 修 饰时 6 句中已经有 who 或 which 时 为了避免重复时 1 He told me everything that he knows 2 All the books that you offered has been given out 3 This is the best film that I have ever read 4 We talked about the persons and things that we remembered 5 He is the only man that I want to see 6 Who is the man that is making a speech 只用 which who whom 的情况 1 在非限制性定语从句中 只能 用 which 指代物 用 who whom 指人 2 在由 介词 关系代词 引导 的定语从句中 只能用 which 指 物 whom 指人 3 先行词本身是 that 时 关系词 用 which 先行词为 those one he 时多用 who 1 He has a son who has gone abroad for further study 2 I like the person to whom the teacher is talking 3 Those who respect others are usually respected by others III as which 和 that 的区别 从句区 别例 句 限制性 定语从句中 名词前有 such 和 the same 修饰时 关系代词用 as 不能用 which He is not such a fool as he looks Don t read such books as you can t understand 非限制性 定语从句中 as 和 which 都可以指代前面整个 主句 如果有 正如 象 的含 义 并可以放在主句前 也可以 放在后面 那么用 as 而 which 引导的从句只能放主句后 并无 正如 的意思 They won the game as we had expected They won the game which we hadn t expected As is well known he is a famous film star in the 1980s 嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用 第 3 页 共 4 页 the same as 和 the same that the same as 指同类事物 the same that 指原物 That s the same tool as I used last week 同类工具 不是同一把 That s the same tool that I used last week 那就是我上周用过的工具 注意 注意 the way 做先行词时 定语从句可由做先行词时 定语从句可由 that in which 引导或不用引导词 引导或不用引导词 IV 定语从句与其它从句 句型 的区别 类 别区 别例 句 定语从 句 与 并列句 定语从句与并列句的主要区 别在于 并列句有像 and but so 等并列连词或 两个句子用分号连接 这时 就不能再用引导定语从句的 关系词了 Mr Li has three daughters none of is an engineer Mr Li has three daughters but none of is a dancer 从结构上看 小题是定语从句 故填 whom 小题有并列连词 but 是并列句 故填代词 them 定语从句的前面有名词作先 行词 而状语从句没有先行 词 This is the place where we used to live a few years ago 这是几年前我们居住的地方 定语从句 先行 词为 the place Let s go where we can find a better job 我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧 地点状 语从句 定语从句修饰 限制 说明 名词 只能放在先行词的后 面 而状语从句说明动作发 生的情况 并且可以放在主 句的前面 Do you know the time when the class is over 你 知道下课的时间吗 定语从句 It was already five o clock when the class was over When the class was over it was already five o clock 当下课时己经是 5 点了 时间状语从句 When where 和 why 在引导 定语从句时可以用 介词 which 的结构来替换 在 引导状语从句时却不行 This is the factory in which where his father once worked 这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂 定语 从句 Put back the book where it was 把书放回原处 状语从句 定语从 句 与 状语从 句 定语从句中的关系词在从句 中充当某种句子成分 因此 去掉它则从句成分不完整 而结果状语从句中的连接词 在从句中不作任何成分 去 掉后从句的成分仍然完整 It is such an interesting book as we all like 它是我 们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书 as 用作动词 like 的宾语 它引导的是定语从 句 It is such an interesting book that we all like it 它是一本如此有趣的书 我们大家都喜欢它 that 不充当句子成分 故它引导的是结果状 语从句 定语从 句 与 定语从句在复合句中相当于 形容词 对先行词起修饰 描述或限制的作用 与先行 The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy 她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴 同位语 嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用 第 4 页 共 4 页 同位语 从句 词之间有从属关系 同位语 的作用相当于名词 对前面 的名词给予补充说明或进一 步解释 是前面名词的具体 内容 与先行词之间是同位关 系 从句 此句中的同位语从句 The news that she had passed the exam 可以改写成表语从句 The news is that he passed the exam The news that he told us interested all of us 他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣 定语从句 The news that he told us 是定语从句 此句不能 改写为 The news is that he told us 定语从 句 与 强调句 强调句的结构为 It is was 被强调部分 that 从句 被强调部分 可以是除谓语以外的任何成 分 当被强调部分是人时 还可用