高考英语语法专题复习 定语从句 知识清单

1 高考英语语法专题复习高考英语语法专题复习 定语从句定语从句 知识清单知识清单2015 9 一 定语从句基础知识一 定语从句基础知识 填空填空 1 何为定语从句 何为定语从句 在复合句中 修饰某一 或 的从句叫定语从句 2 何为定语从句两个基本要素 何为定语从句两个基本要素 和 即即 被定语从句所修饰的名词或 代词叫做 引导定语从句的词叫 3 定语从句分为两大类 定语从句分为两大类 1 对先行词起限定作用 与先行词关系十分密切 不用逗号隔 开 也不能省略 否则句意就不完整 2 只是对先行词做补充说明 与先行词的关系也比较松散 常用 逗号与主句隔开 如果省略 原句意义仍然完整 4 引导定语从句的关系词有哪些 引导定语从句的关系词有哪些 1 关系 关系 在定语从句中充当主语 宾语 表语 指代人 指代事物 所属关系 2 关系 关系 在定语从句中充当状语 相当于介词 指地点 指时间 指原因 二 常见考点与难点归纳 二 常见考点与难点归纳 1 引导词引导词 that 与与 which 的选择 的选择 总结总结 1 先行词有下列情况时先行词有下列情况时 通常用关系代词通常用关系代词 不用 不用 先行词是 all everything nothing anything little much 等不定代词时 先行词被 all any every no some little much 等词修饰时 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 先行词被 the only the very 正是 恰是 the last 修饰时 当先行词既有人又有物时 若主句中有疑问代词 who which 时 为了避免重复 总结总结 2 下列情况通常用关系代词 下列情况通常用关系代词 不用 不用 引导非限定性定语从句且先行词是物 在定语从句中充当宾语时也不省略 介词 关系词引导定语从句 先行词为物时 2 先行词为时间 地点 原因的名词时应注意的问题 先行词为时间 地点 原因的名词时应注意的问题 1 先行词为时间 地点 原因的名词时 关系词在定语从句中作 时 用 when where why 相当于介词 which 2 先行词为时间 地点 原因的名词时 关系词在定语从句中作 或 时 用 that which 3 某些特殊先行词之后的 where 某些抽象地点名词如 stage position point situation case condition activity celebration 等 做先行词时 且在定语从句中充当状语 常用 引导 表示抽象化的地点 相当于 介词 which 例如 必修例如 必修 1 Unit 5 P34 The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all We were put into a position in which where we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government 3 介词介词 关系词 即关系词 即 介词介词 指人指人 和和 介词介词 指物指物 2 介词如何选择 介词如何选择 1 看定语从句中动词或者形容词与介词的习惯搭配 What were the things which he was not so sure 2 根据先行词判断 所用的介词与先行词的习惯搭配 The speed which you drive your car mustn t be too high 3 可以通过句子的整体含义 结合生活实际来判断 China has many rivers which the Yangtze River is the longest 4 关系词关系词 as 的用法的用法 as 既可以引导限制性定从 也可以引导非限制性定从 常用于以下情既可以引导限制性定从 也可以引导非限制性定从 常用于以下情 况 况 1 先行词有 such the same 修饰时 后面的定语从句常用 as 引导 as 在从句中可充当主语 宾语 表语 表示 像 一样的 There is no such place you dream of in this world 世界上绝没有像你梦想的那样的地方 I have the same trouble you have 我和你有同样的麻烦 注意 注意 the same that the same as 的区别 的区别 This is the same pen that I lost 这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支 This is the same pen as I lost 这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样 2 在非限制性定语从句中 as 常用于固定搭配 在此用法中 as 所引导的定语从句可放在 主句的句首 句中 句末 如 众所周知众所周知 综上所述综上所述 正如经常发生的那样 情况通常如此正如经常发生的那样 情况通常如此 如报纸所报道的如报纸所报道的 5 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系词引导非限制性定语从句时 关系词 as 跟跟 which 的区别 的区别 as 意为 正如 正像 可位于句首 句中 句末 which 意为 这 这件事 不 能放句首 若关系词指代前面整句话 且位于主句之后 二者有时候可以互换 The earth is round is known to us all was natural he married Jenny 6 先行词为先行词为 the way 的定语从句 的定语从句 先行词为 the way 在定语从句中作状语 引导词用 in which that 或不填 I recognized he s from Australia from the way he speaks 7 定语从句与其它复合句的区分定语从句与其它复合句的区分 1 定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句与同位语从句 We all have heard the news our team won We don t believe the news he told us yesterday 2 定语从句与状语从句 定语从句与状语从句 He left the key he had been an hour before He left the place he lived for many years He is such a good teacher we all like him He is such a good teacher all of us love and respect We ll go we are needed 3 定语从句与主语从句 定语从句与主语从句 is known to us all paper was first made in China is known to us all that paper was first made in China 3 4 定语从句与强调结构 定语从句与强调结构 It is the house I met the young man It was in the house I met the young man 综合练习综合练习 一 填空题 请用定语从句的相关知识填空 每空一词 一 填空题 请用定语从句的相关知识填空 每空一词 1 Could you tell me for you ve bought this coat 2 The country is in the situation a war will break out at any time 3 Do you like the girl eyes are big 4 He always comes late makes his teacher angry 5 Have you seen the old lady a famous star is talking to 6 His mother he loved deeply died ten years ago 7 The last place we visited was the Great Wall 8 I saw some trees the leaves which were black with disease 9 It rained all night and all day which time the ship broke into pieces 10 This is the reason he was put in prison 11 The boy pointed to the direction which he would run 12 The man whom you talked is my friend 13 I bought many books yesterday three of are written by Lu Xun 14 Is this museum the one the exhibition was held 15 Freddie might be expected was attending the conference 16 This is the factory my father works 17 This is the factory we visited last week 18 Pisa is a city there is a leaning tower 19 He who laugh last laughs best 谁笑到最后 谁笑得最好 20 All glitters is not gold 闪闪发光者 未必皆黄金 二 改错 请用定语从句的相关知识改正下列句子 每句均有一处错误 二 改错 请用定语从句的相关知识改正下列句子 每句均有一处错误 1 His glasses without that he was like a blind man fell to the ground and broke its leg 2 Such signs that we use in the experiment are Greek letters 3 Mary was kinder to Jack than she was to the others this of course made all the others upset 4 Pisa is a city where has a leaning tower 5 That is the reason why he gave us 6 He mentioned a book which title I ve forgotten 7 I still remember the day when we spent together 8 He always comes late and which makes his teacher angry 9 China has a lot of islands one of them is Diaoyu 10 The girl who is disabled but she succeeded by her father s appreciation education 11 There are a lot of students here none of them like the film 12 The scientist and his achievements which you told me about are admired by us all 三 请用定语从句翻译下列句子 三 请用定语从句翻译下列句子 1 他永远不会忘记与她邂逅的那一天 4 2 属于自己的 不要放弃 已经失去的 留作记忆 3 伤害羊的那只狼被打死了 4 我们这次还是约在上次一起吃晚饭的餐厅见面吧 5 环境保护是一个如今为人们广为讨论的一个话题 6 我们必须承认 那些反对此观点的人们也有一定的道理 7 手提电脑如今如此普遍的一个重要原因就是它的使用方便 8 他计划于 2017 年回国 到那时候他将年满 30 岁 9 Homer Epic 是一本很精彩的书 我从中学到了很多 10 最激动人心的一次旅行经历是在巴厘岛 Bali 在那里我有生以来第一次体验了潜水 四 语篇填空 四 语篇填空 Jim 1 father is a biologist is crazy about animals The only subject 2 seems interesting to him is biology He spends every penny 3 he can save to buy books on biology 4 is often laughed at by his classmates One day 5 he stepped in the bookstore 6 sells