定语从句讲解与练习300题

1 一 定语从句概念 定语从句 attributive clause 顾名思义 就是一个句子作定语从属于主句 定语一般是由 形容词充当 所以定语从句又称作形容词从句 另外 定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词 引导的 故又称作关系从句 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后 这种名词或代词被称作先行词 请看示例 The woman who lives next door is a teacher 先行词 定语从句 在所有的从句中 算定语从句最难掌握 因为汉语里没有定语从句 汉语里只有定语 而 且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词 二 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词 并且在定语从句中充当句子成分 可以作主语 宾语 定语 等 常见的关系代词有 who that which 它们的主格 宾格和所有格如下表所示 格 先行词 主格 宾格 所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人 物 that that 一 关系代词 who whom 和 whose 的用法 who 代替人 是主格 在定语从句中作主语 例如 An architect is a person who designs buildings 建筑师是设计房屋的人 I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师 Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first 想应聘这个职位 的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历 whom 代替人 是宾格 在定语从句作宾语 在非正式英语常可省略 例如 Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday 昨天我们在学校图书 馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗 This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago 这是我爸爸十年前教的学生 The girl who I saw is called Mary 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽 在非正式英语中 主格 who 代替了宾格 whom 亦可省略 whose 一般代替人 有时亦可代替物 是所有格 在定语从句作定语 例如 The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad 其父是一位高级工程师 的那个女学生过去在国外留学 Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here 我们这儿能看到窗户的那 个宾馆叫什么名字 你知道吗 关系代词 whose 指代先行词 hotel 正式用法应该用 of which whose window the window of which 意思是 the window of the hotel 透视高考题 真题 Look out Don t get too close to the house roof is under repair A whose B which C of which D that 2006福建卷 22 简析 考查关系代词 whose 引导的定语从句 whose 在这个句子里代替物 whose roof the 2 roof of which 定语从句用另外一句话表达即为 The roof of the house is under repair 所 以 A 是正确答案 二 关系代词 which 的用法 which 代替物 在定语从句作主语或宾语 作宾语时还可省略 例如 I do not like stories which have unhappy endings 我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说 which 可以换成 that Tom works for a factory which makes watches 汤姆在一个制表厂工作 which 可以换成 that 三 关系代词 that 的用法 that 既可指人又可指物 在当代英语中大多指物 在定语从句作主语或宾语 作宾语时还 可省略 例如 Is she the girl that sells newspapers 她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗 that 可以换成 who Where is the ice cream that was in the fridge 放在冰箱的冰激凌哪儿去了 that 可以换成 which Is this the book that you want to buy 这是你要买的那本书吗 that 可以换成 which 在定语从句作宾语 还可以省略 三 关系副词引导的定语从句 常用的关系副词只有三个 when where why 在定语从句中充当时间 地点和原因状语 它们的用法大家不妨记住一个口诀 the time when the place where the reason why 一 关系副词 when 的用法 关系副词 when 代替的先行词表示的是时间 when 在定语从句作时间状语 例如 In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often 北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份 when 先行词是 months Do you remember the day when we first went to the Summer Palace 你还记得我们第一次去颐和园的那一天吗 when 先行词是 day 当代英语里 when 可以 用 that 替代 这时关系代词 that 就变成了表示时间的关系副词 I haven t seen her since the year when I left Tokyo 自从我离开东京的那一年我就一直没见到过她 when 先行词是 year 同样 when 可以用 that 代替 透视高考题 真题 Great changes have taken place in that school It is no longer it was 20 years ago it was so poorly equipped A what when B that which C what which D which that 2005安徽卷 32 简析 考查关系代词 when 引导的定语从句 第一个空填连接代词 what 第二个空前的先 行词是20 years ago 故这个空应填表示时间的关系副词 when 故 A 是正确答案 二 关系副词 where 的用法 关系副词 where 代替的先行词表示的是地点 where 在定语从句作地点状语 例如 During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up 春节期间 我回到了生我养我的家乡 where 的先行词是 town 3 This is the place where Li Bai once lived 这是李白曾经生活过的地方 where 先行词是 place 上面这个句子不可以将 where 改为 that 因为 that 不能作为表示地点的关系副词 试比较 下句 This is the place that Li Bai once visited 这是李白曾经游览过的地方 that 的先行词同样是 place 但这个 that 是关系代词 在定 语从句中作宾语 可以省略 还可以用 which 替换 透视高考题 真题 If a shop has chairs women can park their men women will spend more time in the shop A that B which C when D where 2005上海卷 40 简析 考查关系副词 where 引导的定语从句 定语从句的意思是说男人可以停留在椅子上 休息 显然是表示地点 故 D 是正确答案 三 关系副词 why 的用法 关系副词 why 代替的先行词表示的是原因 why 在定语从句作原因状语 例如 The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email 我打电话给你的原因是想问问你是否收到了我的电子邮件 why 先行词是 reason 当代 英语里 why 可以用 that 替代 这时关系代词 that 就变成了表示原因的关系副词 还可以将 why 省略 This is the reason why he came late to school 这就是他为什么上学迟到的原因 why 先行词是 reason why 可以用 that 替代 还可以省 略 注意 如果上面的句子将 the reason 省略 那么这个句子就变成了 This is why he came late to school 表语从句 句子意思丝毫未变 四 特殊关系代词 as 引导的定语从句 as 是个比较特殊的关系代词 一是用在某些句型搭配里 二是独立于主句之外 下面分别 讲解 一 在固定搭配 as as so as such as the same as 中 as 引导定语从句 You may take as many books as you want 你想要拿多少书就拿多少 第一个 as 是副词 修饰 many 的 第二个 as 才是关系代词 代替先行词 books 在定语从句中作宾语 I have got such a computer as yours 我有一台你这样的电脑 as 是关系代词 代替先行词 computer 在定语从句中作表语 因为 yours 后省略了 is I have never seen so beautiful a place as Guilin 我从未见过像桂林那样美丽的地方 as 是关系代词 代替先行词 place 在定语从句中作 表语 因为 Guilin 后省略了 is 二 独立于主句之外 as 引导定语从句 As we know the earth turns around the sun 正如我们所知 地球围绕太阳旋转 As is known to us As we know 和 As is known to us 均为定语从句 as 分别作宾语和主语 替代后面的主句 Taiwan is as you know is an inseparable part of China 4 你知道 台湾是中国不可分割的一部分 关系代词 as 指代整个主句 在定语从句中作宾 语 透视高考题 真题1 The Beatles many of you are old enough to remember came from Liverpool A what B that C how D as 2006天津卷 12 简析 考查关系代词 as 引导的定语从句 as 代替先行词 the Beatles 同时又在从句中作 remember 的宾语 as 的功能同 which 但 as 有 正如 的意思 故 D 是正确答案 真题2 is often the case we have worked out the production plan A Which B When C What D As 2004江苏卷 33 简析 考查关系代词 as 引导的定语从句 which 与 as 引导定语从句均可代表整个一句话或 整个主句 但 which 不能放在句首 另外 as 有 正如 的意思 而 which 却没有 故 D 正确 五 关系代词 who which 与 that 的区别 一 关系代词 who 与 that 的区别 1 当关系代词用作主语时 多用主格 who 例如 He who loses hope loses all 失去希望的人就失去一切 先行词为代词 he they any all one 等时 多用 who I met Alice who told me that she was learning Chinese 我遇见艾丽斯 她告诉我她在学汉语 在非限制性定语从句中 用 who 2 当关系代词用作介词后的宾语时 用宾格 whom 不用 that 例如 The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher 我们校长刚才与他谈话的那个人是我们的英语老师 介词与关系代词紧密相连时 只能用 宾格 whom 不可用主格 who 注意 介词与关系代词不是紧密相连时 或者说介词放在句子后面时 这时可以用主格 who 也可用 that 还可以省略关系代词 因此 上面的这句话还可以有如下四种说法 1 The man whom our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher 2 The man who our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher 3 The man that our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher 4 The man our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher 第4句简洁 自然 所以口语中用得最多 3 当关系代词泛指人时 多用 that 例如 He is a man that is never afraid of failure 他是个从不怕失败的人 that 用来泛指人 4 当关系代词出现在 who 开头的疑问句时 应用 that 例如 Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English 用英语同汤姆交谈的那个女孩是谁 避免重复使用 who 以免造成误解或语义含混不清 二 关系代词 which 与 that 的区别 1 当先行词为 all much little 以及不定代词 anything something everything 等时 关系代词 多用 that 例如 All that glitters is not gold 闪闪发光物 未必尽黄金 She told me everything that she knew 她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我 2 当先行词的前面有形容词最高级 序数词或限定词 the only the very all every any no 等 时 关系代词一般都用 that 例如 5 This is the best novel that I have ever read 这是我读过的最好的一部小说 He is the only person that has been invited to the ball 他是惟一应邀参加舞会的人 3 当关系代词出现在 which 开头的疑问句时 应用 that 例如 Which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest 哪一个是推荐给外宾的宾馆 这里使用 that 很明显是为了避免重复 which 4 在非限制性定语从句中 关系代词一般只用 which 例如 Beijing which is the capital of the People s Republic of China will host the 2008 Olympic Games 北京是中华人民共和国的首都 将主办2008年奥运会 5 介词后的关系代词用 which 而不用 that 例如 She has collected 600 stamps 60 of which are German stamps 她收集了600张邮票 其中 60 是德国邮票 透视高考题 真题1 I saw a women running towards me in the dark Before I could recognize who she was she had run back in the direction she had come A of which B by which C in which D from which 2006重庆卷 34 简析 考查介词 关系代词 which 引导的定语从句 先行词为事物时 关系代词既可用 which 也可用 that 但介词后的关系代词却只能用 which 由于词组为 come from 故此句 应选 from which 真题2 He was educated at a local grammar school he went on to Cambridge A from which B after that C after which D from this 2005山东卷 30 简析 考查介词 关系代词 which 引导的定语从句 句意是上完中学后到剑桥大学深造 所以应选 after which 如果在空格前加上 and 那么就要选 B 真题3 The English play my students acted at the New Year s party was a great success A for which B at which C in which D on which 2005广东卷 34 简析 考查 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句 表达 在英语剧中 介词用 in 故选择 C in which 六 限制性定语从句和非制性定语从句 限制性定语从句中 从句与其所修饰的先行词之间关系很密切 若缺少 句意则不完整 故从句前不用逗号隔开 非限制性定语从句中 从句与其所修饰的先行词之间关系不太密 切 若缺少 句意则仍完整 故从句前一般都用逗号隔开 试比较以下两组句子 The water which has been polluted by the factory is not fit to drink 被工厂污染的水不宜饮用 如果缺少定语从句 句子的主要意思会受到影响 Water which is a clear liquid is widely used in our everyday life 水是一种清澈的液体 在我们的日常生活中应用非常广泛 如果缺少定语从句 句子的主 要意思不会受到影响 His brother who is nineteen years old is serving in the army now 他的一个十九岁的哥哥现在部队服役 表明他不只一个哥哥 His brother who is nineteen years old is serving in the army now 他的哥哥 今年十九岁 现在部队服役 表明他只有一个哥哥 透视高考题 真题1 The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running means spending tens of thousands of pounds A who B that C as D which 2006江苏卷 29 简析 考查非限制性定语从句 在非限制性定语从句一般不用 that which 可以替代前面整 6 个一句话 因此选 D 真题2 I have many friends some are businessmen A of them B from which C who of D of whom 2005全国卷 I II 24 简析 考查非限制性定语从句 这句话若用并列句表达就可写成 I have many friends and some of them are businessmen 因此 D 是正确答案 七 定语从句的位置 如前所述 定语从句一般总是直接置于所修饰的名词或代词之后 有时候 定语从句与先 行词之间插入了其他的短语 这样它们被分隔了 这种情况下的定语从句被称作隔离定语 从句 例如 There was a girl upstairs who was shouting and crying obviously mad 楼上有一个女孩 大喊大叫 很明显 她疯了 定语从句 who was shouting and crying 修 饰 the girl 被 upstairs 所隔开 A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German 明天要来一位新老师教你们德语了 定语从句置于句末以示强调 透视高考题 真题 The factory produced half a million of shoes every year 80 are sold abroad A of which B which of C of them D of that 2004辽宁卷 35 简析 考查隔离定语从句或非限定性定语从句 形式上看80 把关系代词与先行词分离了 另外 of 前后表示部分与整体的关系 其中80 的鞋子售往国外市场 故 A 是正确答案 八 定语从句与同位语从句的区别 同位语从句与定语从句从形式上看好像没什么区别 实际上从含义和功能上看 还是比较 易区分的 同位语从句的先行词一般为 fact idea news thought reply report problem 等抽象 名词 而且关联词大都为 that 在 idea problem 等词后根据句意可能用到 who when why how 等其他关联词 关联词 that 在同位语从句中仅仅起连接作用 不作任何成分 但又不 可省略 定语从句的关联词 关系代词和关系副词 在从句中是要充当句子成分的且有实 际含义 试比较以下两句 The suggestion that we should practise speaking English every day came from our monitor 我们每天都应练习说英语的建议是我们的班长提出来的 同位语从句 The suggestion that our monitor put forward at the meeting is very valuable 我们的班长在会上提出的建议很有价值 定语从句 透视高考题 真题1 A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother s birthday A if B when C that D which 2006安徽卷 29 简析 考查关联词 that 引导的同位语从句 先行词为 thought that 引导的同位语从句表达 thought 的内容 由于从句太长 故移至句末以保持句子平衡 C 正确 注意不能误选 which 真题2 We haven t settled the question of it is necessary for him to study abroad A if B where C whether D that 2006江苏卷 35 简析 考查 whether 引导的同位语从句 这个句子中的 of 可以省略 形式上看 of 后面的 从句为介词的宾语从句 但实际上 of 连接的 question 与 whether 引导的从句是同位关系 因此 C 正确 注意不能误选 if 在表示 是否 含义时 用在介词后或在同位语从句中不可 用 if 7 九 定语从句与强调句型的区别 强调句型一般总是使用 It is that 这个句式 将被强调的成分 主语 宾语或状语 放在 句式里 这个关联词 that 没有任何实际意义 仅仅起连接作用 但一般情况下不省略 当 代英语有一种趋势 如果强调的主语是人 则可用 who 如果强调的宾语是人 则可用宾 格 whom 如果强调时间状语 则可用 when 如果强调地点状语 则可用 where 定语从 句一般不用 It is 开头 而且定语从句的关联词 that 在从句中担当句子成分 试比较以下两 个句子 It is Professor Johnson who is to visit China Agricultural University next week 是约翰逊教授计划下周访问中国农业大学 强调句型 who 可以换成 that This is Professor Johnson who is to visit China Agricultural University next week 这是约翰逊教授 他计划下周访问中国农业大学 定语从句 who 不可以换成 that 透视高考题 真题 It was with great joy he received the news that his lost daughter had been found A because B which C since D that 2004福建卷 35 简析 考查强调句型 强调原因状语 但不能误选 because 强调句型不管强调什么成分 都可以用 that 故 D 是正确答案 十 定语从句专项训练 I 语法鉴赏 下列这句话的英语表达有8种 它们都正确 请观察 分析和体会它们在句 式 用词和文体上的区别 他出生的那天是元旦 The day on which he was born was New Year s Day The day which he was born on was New Year s Day The day that he was born on was New Year s Day The day he was born on was New Year s Day The day when he was born was New Year s Day The day that he was born was New Year s Day The day he was born was New Year s Day When he was born was New Year s Day II 选择填空 从 A B C D 四个选项中选出一个最佳选项填空 1 Anyway that evening I ll tell you more about later I ended up staying at Rachel s place A when B where C what D which 2006湖南卷 30 2 She was educated at Beijing University she went on to have her advanced study abroad A after that B from that C from which D after which 2006陕西卷 8 3 Last month part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods from effects the people are still suffering A that B whose C those D what 2005天津卷 13 4 Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003 he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union A during which time B for which time C during whose time D by that time 2005重庆卷 32 5 The schools themselves admit that not all students will be successful in the jobs they are being trained A in that B for that C in which D for which 2005江西卷 25 6 I walked in our garden Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees 8 A which B when C where D that 2005辽宁卷 28 7 Do you have any idea is actually going on in the classroom A that B what C as D which 2005辽宁卷 28 8 Is that the small town you often refer to Right just the one you know I used to work for years A that B which C where D what 2005福建卷 35 9 Some researchers believe that there is no debt a cure for AIDS will be found A which B that C what D whether 2005广东卷 34 10 is reported in the newspapers talks between the two countries are making progress A It B As C That D What 2004北京卷 34 III 句型转换 将下列的句子使用关系代词或关系副词合并成定语从句 1 A bus goes to the airport It runs every ten minutes 2 Our teacher is talking to an Englishwoman Do you know her 3 I ve got a brother called Tom He lives in the United States He s an engineer 4 Can you tell me the name of the school Your father once studied in that school 5 We met a couple on the highway Their car had broken down IV 句子改错 下列的定语从句使用有误 请改正 1 The valley in that the town lies is heavily polluted 2 Is this the shop where sells children s shoes 3 This is the place where we first met in 4 I do not know the reason which she came late 5 There are altogether eleven books on the shelf of that five are mine 附定语从句专项训练参考答案 I 语法鉴赏 第 句最为正式 第 句最为非正式 II 选择填空 1 答案 D 简析 考查关系代词 which 引导的非限制性定语从句 从动词句型 tell sb about sth 可以得知 定语从句中少了宾语 所以选择 which 不能误选 when 2 答案 D 简析 考查介词 关系代词 which 引导的定语从句 句意为北大毕业后出 国留学深造 故选 after which 3 答案 B 简析 考查关系代词 whose 引导的定语从句 whose 在这个句子里代替物 whose effects the effects of which 意指 洪水的影响 4 答案 A 简析 考查 介词 关系代词 引导的非限制性定语从句 which 替代词先 行词 from 1999 to 2003 在那一段时间里 故用 during which time 5 答案 D 简析 考查介词 关系代词 which 引导的定语从句 根据词组 train sb for sth 故选 for which 6 答案 C 简析 考查关系副词 where 引导的定语从句 在花园里 显然是表示地点 关系代词用 in which 或关系副词 where 7 答案 B 简析 考查同位语从句 句意是 你知道教室里真正发生了什么事吗 根 据句意 从句的关联词应使用 what 8 答案 C 简析 考查关系副词 where 引导的定语从句 这里替代词 the one 实际上指 的就是 the small town 我过去多年在那里工作过的 故选表示地点的关系副词 9 答案 B 简析 考查同位语从句 that 引导的从句表明 doubt 的内容 10 答案 B 简析 考查关系代词 as 引导的定语从句 句意是 正如报纸所报道的 9 两国会谈正取得进展 as 在从句中作主语 又代替后面整个主句 III 句型转换 1 A bus which that goes to the airport runs every ten minutes 2 Do you know the Englishwoman our teacher is talking to 或 Do you know the Englishwoman who whom that our teacher is talking to 或 Do you know the Englishwoman to whom our teacher is talking 3 My brother Tom who lives in the United States is an engineer 4 Can you tell me the name of the school where your father once studied 5 We met a couple on the highway whose car had broken down IV 句子改错 1 The valley in which the town lies is heavily polluted 或 The valley where the town lies is heavily polluted 或 The valley which that the town lies in is heavily polluted 或 The valley the town lies in is heavily polluted 2 Is this the shop which that sells children s shoes 3 This is the place where we first met 或 This is the place in which we first met 4 I do not know the reason why she came late 或 I do not know the reason that she came late 或 I do not know the reason she came late 5 There are altogether eleven books on the shelf of which five are mine 高考英语语法专项练习 定语从句精练300题 1 We should learn from those are always ready to help others A who B whom C they D that 2 Mr Herpin is one of the foreign experts who in China A works B is working C are working D has been working 3 Tom is the only one of the students who to Shanghai A have gone B have been C has been D had gone 4 I your good friend will try my best to help you out A who is B who am C that is D which am 5 The old man has two sons are lawyers A both of them B both of who C both of whom D both of they 6 He is a man of great knowledge much can be learned A in whom B about whom C from whom D of whom 7 Do you know the man just now A to who I nodded B I nodded to C whom I nodded D Whom I nodded to him 8 The man has gone to Japan A whom I told you B that I told you C whom I told you about him D I told you about 9 Please pass me the dictionary cover is black A which B its C whose D which of 10 The radio set last week has been out of order A I bought B I bought it C which I bought it D what I bought 10 11 All the apples fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs A which B C that D they 12 I can tell you he told me last week A all which B all what C that all D all that 13 This is the biggest lab we have ever built in our university A which B what C that D where 14 Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn A that B C which D what 15 Air we breathe every day is around us all the time A that B C which D it 16 This is the museum we saw an exhibition the other day A that B which C where D in that 17 This museum is you visited the other day A that B which C where D the one 18 This is the museum you saw the other day A that B where C in which D in that 19 It is the third time late this month A that you arrived B when you arrived C that you ve arrived D when you ve arrived 20 It was in 1969 the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon A that B which C in which D when 21 We often think of the days we spent together on the island A when B which C in which D during which 22 Have you ever been to Shanghai I left ten years ago A where B which C that D when 23 He has left Beijing a meeting is to be held A when B where C as D which 24 This is the very place I m wishing to live in A where B which C that D in which 25 Is it in that factory Red Flag cars are made A in which B where C that D which 26 I have bought the same dress she is wearing A as B that C which D than 27 Can you solve such problems raised by the audience A what were B as were C that were D which were 28 The reason he didn t come was he was injured A that because B why that C why because D that that 29 He must be from Africa can be seen from his skin A that B as C it D what 30 His father died last year made it impossible for him to go abroad A when B which C as D that 31 is natural he married Mary A It B W