新广州版八年级上册英语Unit5-Educational-exchanges-语法专项--现在完成时

精品文档 1欢迎下载 UnitUnit 5 5 EducationalEducational exchangesexchanges 语法专项语法专项 现在完成时现在完成时 如果你想说 我已经看过某部电影 所以不想看了 某人曾经做过什么事情 等 等 该如果表达呢 首先请看下面的句子 1 I have seen the film I don t want to see it again 这部电影我已经看过 不想再看了 2 Have you answered all the questions 所有的问题你都回答了吗 3 Have you ever looked at a travel brochure 你看过旅游宣传册吗 4 She has never visited the USA 她从没有过去美国 观察 以上句子的谓语动词的一个共同特点是 用于表示在以前的某个时间曾经做过的 发生的事情 这种行为对目前有某种 影响 我们把这种时态称为 现在完成时 一 一 现在完成时的概念 现在完成时的概念 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 She has been ill for three days 她病了三天了 表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态 We ve known each other since we were children 我们从小就认识 I have been a member of the Party for 10 years 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有 justjust 刚刚刚刚 yetyet 仍然 还仍然 还 nownow 现在现在 latelylately 最后最后 everever 曾经曾经 todaytoday 今天今天 nevernever 从未从未 beforebefore 从前从前 recentlyrecently 最近最近 alreadyalready 已经已经 thisthis weekweek 本周本周 sincesince 自从自从 forfor a a longlong tinetine 很长时间了很长时间了 sincesince thenthen 自那以来自那以来 soso farfar 到目前为止到目前为止 inin thethe past lastpast last fewfew yearsyears 在过去在过去 最近最近 的几年的几年 二 构成 二 构成 助动词助动词 have have hashas 过去分词过去分词 现在完成时态的肯定句 否定句和疑问句形式 以 work 为例 人 称 肯定否定疑问回答 精品文档 2欢迎下载 第 一 人 称 I have seen the UFO We have travelled around the world I haven t seen the UFO We haven t travelled around the world Have you seen the UFO Have you travelled around the world Yes I have No I haven t Yes we have No we haven t 第 二 人 称 You have been to England You haven t been to England Have you been to England Yes I we have No I we haven t 第 三 人 称 He She has been to Beijing They have given concerts all over the world He She hasn t been to Beijing They haven t given concerts all over the world Has he she been to Beijing Have they given concerts all over the world Yes he she has No he she hasn t Yes they have No they haven t 注注 规则动词的过去分词的构成与过去是相同 不规则动词的过去分词见附表 随堂练习 把下面变否定句 一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答 1 I have done my homework 否定句 一般疑问句 回答 2 The plane has arrived 否定句 一般疑问句 回答 三 动词的过去分词构成规则三 动词的过去分词构成规则 1 规则变化 大部分动词在词尾直接加 ed clean cleaned help helped 以不发音的 e 结尾的 直接加 d like liked live lived 精品文档 3欢迎下载 以辅音字母 y 结尾的单词 变 y 为 i 再加 ed try tried study studied 重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母的 需要双写最后这个辅音字母再加 ed plan planned stop stopped 2 不规则变化 see seen find found 需根据不规则变化表进行专门记忆 随堂练习 写出下列单词的过去分词形式 work finish arrive change see have marry visit miss prefer do hear live clean study meet be climb plan take stop keep buy spend learn forget bring 四 四 现在完成时用法归纳现在完成时用法归纳 1 1 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现已完成 对现在造成的现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现已完成 对现在造成的影响和结果影响和结果 此此 种用法谓语动词用种用法谓语动词用结束性动词结束性动词 如 The plane has arrived 常用的时间状语和副词 already yet ever never already 已经 yet 尚未 仍未 还 强调前不久完成的动作对现在造成的 影响 谓语动词使用非延续性动词 already 用于肯定句中 yet 用于否定句 和疑问句的句末 例如 I have already finished my homework 我已经完成我的家庭作业了 He hasn t come yet 他还没有回来 精品文档 4欢迎下载 Has she finished cooking yet 他做完饭了吗 练 I have already done my homework 变为否定句 ever 曾经 句中 never 从不 表示否定 强调到目前为止的生活经 历 谓语动词用延续性动词 例如 Have you ever climb that mountain 你曾经爬过那座山吗 Have you ever been to Shanghai 你曾经去过上海吗 I have never late for school 我从来没有迟到过 already ever 与 never 应位于助动词 have has 之后 主要动词之前 拓展 before 以前 句尾 独立用 I haven t met him before 我以前从来没有见过他 just 刚刚 用于肯定句中 常用在助动词和过去分词之间 如 I have just heard the news 我刚刚听到消息 跟踪训练 1 Have you heard of Disneyland A alwaysB everC neverD sometimes 2 I have finished my homework So I can have a rest now A ever B already C never D yet 3 She is a good student she has been late for school A ever B already C never D yet 4 I am very hungry I haven t had my breakfast A ever B already C never D yet 精品文档 5欢迎下载 2 2 完成时可用于表示某时间段里完成的动作 常与完成时可用于表示某时间段里完成的动作 常与 today today thesethese days days recentlyrecently 等时间状语连用 等时间状语连用 如 Have you seen her these days 译 Have you been to the library today 译 Have you read the book recently 译 3 3 现在完成时表示过去已经开始 持续到现在 可能延续到将来的动作和状态 现在完成时表示过去已经开始 持续到现在 可能延续到将来的动作和状态 常与表示过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语连用常与表示过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语连用 如 a a forfor 一段时间 一段时间 forfor twotwo hourshours b b sincesince 时间点 时间点 sincesince 1999 1999 sincesince lastlast yearyear c c sincesince 一段时间一段时间 ago ago sincesince twotwo daysdays agoago d d sincesince 从句 用过去时 从句 用过去时 e up to now till now until now so far f in the past two years in the last few days g recently lately 如 Miss Zhao has taught math for five years His mother has worked in the shop since 1990 The Greens have lived in London since three years ago 注 其中在 a b c d 这四种结构中 谓语动词必须为延续性动词谓语动词必须为延续性动词 如 I have had this book for one and a half years 这本书我已买了一 年半了 跟踪训练 用 since 或者 for 填空 1 I have studied English 5 years 不能用 buy 精品文档 6欢迎下载 2 I have studied English 5 years ago 3 I have studied English 2008 4 She has taught math 3 years 5 She has taught math 3 years ago 6 She has taught math 2010 4 4 短暂性动词怎样和表示一段时间的状语连用 短暂性动词怎样和表示一段时间的状语连用 英语中的短暂性动词 也叫做终止性动词 瞬间动词或非延续性动词 只表示 一时的动作 在肯定句式中不能与表示延续的时间状语连用 常见的短暂性动 词有 go come leave find buy arrive give stop join marry die begin start borrow close open lend 等 eg I have bought this book for three months 非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法 非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法 1 将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词 leave have has been away from close be closed join have has been in begin start be on buy have has hadgo be there die have has deadfinish be over come arrive have has been here borrow have has kept begin to work have has worked open have has been open 精品文档 7欢迎下载 get up have has been up put on have has on come back have has been back gone left been away joined been got to know known 2 时间状语的变化 把表时间的状语 for 变为 数词 时间名词 ago 的短语形式 即 将时间状语改为过去时间 并用一般过去时代替现在完成时 如 他参军五年了 判断正误 He has joined the Army for five years He has been in the Army for five years He joined the Army five years ago 他离开济南三年了 He has left Ji nan for three years He has been away from Ji nan for three years He left Ji nan three years ago 3 句子模式的变化 用句型 It is 一段时间 since 从句 从句中的谓 语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去式表示 如 The old man died two years ago The old man has been dead for two years It is two years since the old man died 跟踪训练 句型转换 1 I have borrowed a new book from the school library I a new book from the school library for two days 2 She has gone there 精品文档 8欢迎下载 She there yesterday 3 The film has begun The film five minutes 4 The boy has come back The boy for an hour 5 The man in a hat has left The man in a hat half an hour ago 6 He has already died He for twenty years 7 The young man has joined the League The young man member two years The young man League two years ago 5 5 havehave beenbeen to to havehave gonegone to to havehave beenbeen inin 三种结构的区别三种结构的区别 1 have been to 去过某地 现已离开 可以与 ever never once twice 等连用 2 has gone to 去某地了 说话时某人已离开此地 在去某地的路上或已在 某地 总之现在还未回来 此句型一般用于第三人称 3 have been in 表示已在某地呆了多久 若该地为小地方则用 at 翻译 精品文档 9欢迎下载 你以前去过北京吗 吉姆已经去了伦敦 格林一家在中国已经两年了 单项选择 1 I have Beijing three times A been to B gone to C been in D been at 2 Where is Mike He has London A been to B gone to C been in D been at 3 Tony has never China He looks forward to coming to China A been to B gone to C been in D been at 4 Lucy has China for 5 years A been to B gone to C been in D been at 5 The teacher has the village to teach the poor students for 10 years A been to B gone to C been in D been at 6 6 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1 侧重点不同 现在完成时是与现在有关的时态 属现在时态范畴 它侧重 于过去的动作对现在造成的影响 而一般过去时是一种过去时态 侧重于表示 过去的动作 与现在无关 如 Yesterday I went to the zoo 仅说明昨天去了动物园 与现在无关 精品文档 10欢迎下载 Li Lei has read the book 说明李磊了解那本书的内容 2 连用的时间状语不同 一般过去时常与 ago yesterday last in 2000 just now 等连用 而现在完成时与 already yet still just so far in the last past before ever never since for 等时间状 语连用 注 现在完成时不可与 yesterday last week two days ago 等过去时间状 语连用 综合训练综合训练 一 单项选择 1 Miss Gao isn t here She to the bus station to meet Mr Brown A goB has goneC has beenD would go 2 How clean the bedroom is Yes I am sure that someone it A cleansB cleanedC has cleanedD had cleaned 3 Drison Break is the best American TV player that I these years A watchB will watchC have watchedD was watching 4 I m not hungry because I lunch already A haveB hadC am havingD have had 5 How long have Mr and Mrs Smith 精品文档 11欢迎下载 For more than twenty years A married B had marriedC got marriedD been married 6 In the past few years there great changes in my hometown A have beenB wereC had beenD are 7 you the film Harry Potter Not yet I ll see it this Sunday A Did seeB Are seeingC Have seenD Do see 8 The Smiths moved to China ten years ago and here since then A has livedB was livingC liveD have lived 9 Will you watch the World Cup match this year No but I several World Cup matches since I was a small child A had seenB seeC was seeingD have seen 精品文档 12欢迎下载 10 I won t return the book to the library because I reading it A wasn t finish B don t finishC won t finishD haven t finished 11 How many times you the Great Wall Only once I there three years ago A did go to have goneB had gon