虚拟语气用法归纳

精品文档 1欢迎下载 虚拟语气用法归纳虚拟语气用法归纳 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气 陈述语气 祈使语气和虚拟语气 不同的语英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气 陈述语气 祈使语气和虚拟语气 不同的语 气用动词的不同形式 有的还借助句法形式 来表示 气用动词的不同形式 有的还借助句法形式 来表示 一 一 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 条件句有两类 一类是真实条件句 一类是虚拟条件句条件句有两类 一类是真实条件句 一类是虚拟条件句 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的 就是真实条件句 谓语用陈述语气 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的 就是真实条件句 谓语用陈述语气 IfIf youyou dondon t t workwork hard hard youyou willwill fail fail IfIf itit isis finefine tomorrow tomorrow wewe willwill gogo forfor a a picnic picnic 如果假设的情况过去 现在 将来都不存在 则为虚拟语气如果假设的情况过去 现在 将来都不存在 则为虚拟语气 虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表 虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表 条件从句的谓语动词形式条件从句的谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式 与过去事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设 hadhad donedonewould could might shouldwould could might should havehave donedone 与现在事实相反的假设与现在事实相反的假设过去时过去时 was were was were would could might shouldwould could might should dodo 与将来事实相反的假设与将来事实相反的假设过去时过去时 was were was were shouldshould do do werewere toto dodo would could might shouldwould could might should dodo 1 1 与现在事实相反的虚拟与现在事实相反的虚拟 WhatWhat wouldwould youyou dodo ifif youyou wonwon thethe lottery lottery IfIf I I werewere you you I I wouldwould seizeseize thethe chancechance toto gogo abroad abroad IfIf I I hadhad a a lotlot ofof moneymoney now now I I wouldwould traveltravel aroundaround thethe world world 2 2 与过去事实相反的虚拟与过去事实相反的虚拟 IfIf youyou hadhad beenbeen herehere yesterday yesterday youyou wouldwould havehave seenseen her her IfIf hehe hadhad drivendriven moremore carefully carefully hehe wouldwould notnot havehave hadhad thethe carcar accidentaccident yesterday yesterday 3 3 与将来事实相反的虚拟与将来事实相反的虚拟 IfIf itit werewere toto rain shouldrain should rain rainedrain rained tomorrow tomorrow ourour planplan wouldwould bebe putput off off IfIf wewe werewere toto picnic picnic wewe wouldwould notnot bebe ableable toto help help 二 错综 混合虚拟语气二 错综 混合虚拟语气 通常 在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式 从句和主句的谓语动词通常 在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式 从句和主句的谓语动词 时间是一致的 如果两者时间不一致 此时就是混合型虚拟语气 混合型虚拟语气的使用时间是一致的 如果两者时间不一致 此时就是混合型虚拟语气 混合型虚拟语气的使用 要求要求 各自为政各自为政 即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同 采用上面表格中对应的的谓语 即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同 采用上面表格中对应的的谓语 动词形式 动词形式 1 1 IfIf I I hadhad seenseen you you I I wouldwould notnot bebe soso worriedworried now now 从句是对过去的假设 主句从句是对过去的假设 主句 是对现在的假设是对现在的假设 2 2 IfIf youyou hadhad notnot watchedwatched televisiontelevision soso latelate lastlast night night youyou wouldwould notnot bebe soso sleepysleepy now now 从句是对过去的假设 主句是对现在的假设从句是对过去的假设 主句是对现在的假设 3 3 HadHad youyou followedfollowed thethe doctordoctor s s suggestion suggestion youyou wouldwould bebe finefine now now 从句是对过从句是对过 去的假设 主句是对现在的假设去的假设 主句是对现在的假设 4 4 IfIf I I hadhad mademade somesome moneymoney lastlast summer summer I I wouldwould gogo onon holidayholiday nextnext month month 从从 句是对过去的假设 主句是对将来的假设句是对过去的假设 主句是对将来的假设 5 5 YouYou didndidn t t letlet meme drive drive IfIf wewe hadhad drivendriven inin turns turns youyou wouldnwouldn t t bebe soso tiredtired 精品文档 2欢迎下载 now now 从句是对过去的假设 主句是对现在的假设从句是对过去的假设 主句是对现在的假设 6 6 IfIf I I werewere youryour mother mother I I wouldwould letlet youyou gogo outout thisthis weekend weekend 从句是对现在的从句是对现在的 假设 主句是对将来的假设假设 主句是对将来的假设 三 含蓄虚拟语气三 含蓄虚拟语气 虚拟语气中的虚拟语气中的 含蓄之美含蓄之美 指的是含蓄虚拟语气 因为有时假设的情况并不是以指的是含蓄虚拟语气 因为有时假设的情况并不是以 ifif 引引 导的条件从句形式出现 而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在 常用的词语有导的条件从句形式出现 而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在 常用的词语有 with with without without butbut for for otherwise otherwise oror even even inin casecase of of whatwhat if if 如果如果 将如何将如何 等等 这种句子往往有主句而无从句等等 这种句子往往有主句而无从句 考试时多数情况是对过去的假设考试时多数情况是对过去的假设 ButBut forfor youryour encouragement encouragement I I wouldwould notnot havehave beenbeen admittedadmitted toto thisthis university university 过去 过去 WithoutWithout water water allall liveslives wouldwould die die 现在 现在 HeHe feltfelt tootoo tiredtired yesterday yesterday oror hehe wouldwould havehave attendedattended mymy party party 过去 过去 I I waswas havinghaving a a meeting meeting otherwiseotherwise I I wouldwould havehave comecome toto seesee youyou off off 过去 过去 四 虚名词性从句的虚拟语气虚名词性从句的虚拟语气 含有含有 shouldshould V V 的用法 这一部分主要是有关建议和命令的相关从句 包括主语从句 宾的用法 这一部分主要是有关建议和命令的相关从句 包括主语从句 宾 语从句 表语从句 同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语之类的从句 记忆口诀 一语从句 表语从句 同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语之类的从句 记忆口诀 一 个坚持个坚持 insist insist 两个命令 两个命令 order order command command 三个建议 三个建议 suggest suggest advise advise recommend recommend 四个要求四个要求 ask ask require require demand demand request request 1 1 宾语从句的虚拟语气宾语从句的虚拟语气 HeHe insistedinsisted thatthat thethe meetingmeeting bebe putput off off TheThe generalgeneral orderedordered that that allall thethe soldierssoldiers should should leave leave HeHe givesgives ordersorders thatthat thethe soldierssoldiers should should leave leave 2 2 表语从句的虚拟语气表语从句的虚拟语气 MyMy suggestionsuggestion isis thatthat wewe should should staystay herehere forfor a a rest rest 3 3 同位语从句的虚拟语气同位语从句的虚拟语气 ThereThere isis nono suggestionsuggestion thatthat sheshe should should resign resign 4 4 主语从句的虚拟语气主要体现在主语从句的虚拟语气主要体现在 ItIt 做形式主语的三种情况 做形式主语的三种情况 ItIt s s p p p p that that ItIt s s adj adj that that It sIt s n n that that 常用的动词常用的动词 recommand recommand demand demand desire desire order order request request require require suggest commandsuggest command 常用的形容词常用的形容词 important important necessary necessary right right advisable advisable natural natural strange strange surprising surprising regretful urgent regretful urgent vital vital insistent insistent essentialessential 常用的名词常用的名词 duty duty pity pity nono surpise surpise nono wonder wonder shame shame regretregret 其实这些词在句子中其实也有建议命令类似的的意思其实这些词在句子中其实也有建议命令类似的的意思 It sIt s importantimportant thatthat youyou shouldshould taketake thethe medicine medicine It sIt s a a pitypity thatthat youyou shouldshould refuserefuse thethe invitation invitation It sIt s essentialessential thatthat wewe shouldshould learnlearn somesome knowledgeknowledge aboutabout fistfist aid aid It sIt s demandeddemanded thatthat allall thethe studentsstudents shouldshould gogo toto thethe playground playground ItIt waswas suggestedsuggested thatthat hehe shouldshould joinjoin thethe clubclub activities activities 5 5 ItIt 为形式宾语的情况实际上是上面形式主语的一种变形 是以为形式宾语的情况实际上是上面形式主语的一种变形 是以 itit 为形式宾语的复为形式宾语的复 合宾语从句 合宾语从句 itit 后面的宾语补足语多为形容词或名词 常见词就是上面形式主语后面的那后面的宾语补足语多为形容词或名词 常见词就是上面形式主语后面的那 些词 些词 I I considerconsider itit vitalvital thatthat hehe should should thinkthink deeplydeeply beforebefore acting acting WeWe thinkthink itit necessarynecessary thatthat thethe meetingmeeting should should bebe putput off off 6 6 某些词语如某些词语如 suggest suggest insistinsist 等有双重含义 所以在使用的时候要注意什么时候等有双重含义 所以在使用的时候要注意什么时候 精品文档 3欢迎下载 用虚拟语气 什么时候不用虚拟语气 用虚拟语气 什么时候不用虚拟语气 HerHer smilesmile suggestedsuggested thatthat sheshe waswas inin favorfavor ofof thethe plan plan WeWe insistedinsisted thatthat whatwhat thethe boyboy diddid waswas wrong wrong 五 虚拟语气在特殊句式中的运用 主要有两种情况 五 虚拟语气在特殊句式中的运用 主要有两种情况 I I wouldwould rather rather It sIt s timetime forfor fearfear thatthat wouldwould ratherrather 在使用时要注意它的不同用法 因为本身在使用时要注意它的不同用法 因为本身 wouldwould ratherrather 可以直接接动可以直接接动 词原形 构成词原形 构成 wouldwould ratherrather dodo sth sth than than dodo sth else sth else 或者或者 wouldwould dodo sth sth ratherrather thanthan dodo sth else sth else 而虚拟语气的而虚拟语气的 wouldwould ratherrather 是这样使用的是这样使用的 wouldwould ratherrather sb sb did did 对对 现在或将来的假设现在或将来的假设 hadhad done done 对过去的假设对过去的假设 I I wouldwould ratherrather hehe didn tdidn t gogo now now TheyThey wouldwould ratherrather theythey hadn thadn t attendedattended thethe party party It sIt s about about high high timetime that that 从句中常用过去式从句中常用过去式 有时也用有时也用 shouldshould do do 含含 建议的意思 汉语的意思为建议的意思 汉语的意思为 是该做是该做 的时候了的时候了 也等于 也等于 It sIt s timetime forfor sb sb toto dodo sth sth It sIt s highhigh timetime that that wewe wentwent home home It sIt s highhigh timetime thatthat wewe should should gogo home home It sIt s highhigh timetime forfor usus toto gogo home home forfor fearfear thatthat 后面可以接虚拟语气后面可以接虚拟语气 shouldshould dodo 也可以接其他语气 但依然会有一 也可以接其他语气 但依然会有一 个情态动词 个情态动词 I I willwill notnot makemake a a noisenoise forfor fearfear thatthat I I shouldshould mightmight disturddisturd you you IIII wish clause wish clause asas if if though though clause clause IfIf onlyonly 这三种情况的虚拟语气有点相似 这三种情况的虚拟语气有点相似 wishwish 后的宾语从句 谓语动词要用虚拟语气 其形式主要有三种后的宾语从句 谓语动词要用虚拟语气 其形式主要有三种 wishwish sb sb did did 对现对现 在的虚拟在的虚拟 wishwish sb sb hadhad done done 对过去的虚拟对过去的虚拟 wishwish sb sb wouldwould dodo 对将来的虚拟对将来的虚拟 偶偶 尔在对过去的虚拟时 也会出现尔在对过去的虚拟时 也会出现 wishwish sb sb wouldwould havehave donedone 的情况 的情况 I I wishwish I I knewknew whatwhat waswas goinggoing toto happen happen SheShe wishedwished sheshe hadhad stayedstayed atat home home I I wishwish I I wouldwould havehave seenseen herher lastlast night night 此时要注意表示语气很强时用此时要注意表示语气很强时用 HowHow sb sb Wish Wish clause clause 其用法同上 如果要用其用法同上 如果要用 waswas 依然换成依然换成 were were HowHow I I wishwish I I werewere a a bird bird asas if if thoughthough 出现的虚拟语气主要有两种情况 主句出现的虚拟语气主要有两种情况 主句 as as if if thoughthough 引导的状语从引导的状语从 句 句 seem seem look look smellsmell as as if if thoughthough 引导的表语从句 引导的表语从句 主句主句 as as if if thoughthough 引导的状语从句 主句引导的状语从句 主句 as as if if though though 主语主语 did did were were 对现在对现在 的假设的假设 主句 主句 as as if if though though 主语主语 could could wouldwould do do 对将来的假设对将来的假设 主句 主句 as as if if though though 主语主语 had had done done 对过去的假设对过去的假设 seem seem look look smellsmell 等的从句情况基本上和上面一致 等的从句情况基本上和上面一致 SheShe talkstalks asas ifif sheshe knewknew everything everything HeHe behavedbehaved asas ifif nothingnothing hadhad happened happened 注意不需要用虚拟语气的情况注意不需要用虚拟语气的情况 IfIf onlyonly 引起的感叹句要求用虚拟语气 表示愿望 形式为 用过去式或者引起的感叹句要求用虚拟语气 表示愿望 形式为 用过去式或者 would would couldcould do do 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望 用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的愿望 用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的愿望 IfIf onlyonly hehe werewere here here 精品文档 4欢迎下载 IfIf onlyonly youyou wouldwould listenlisten toto ourour advise advise IfIf onlyonly I I hadhad notnot beenbeen busybusy lastlast week week If If onlyonly 也可以用于虚拟条件从句中 如 也可以用于虚拟条件从句中 如 IfIf onlyonly I I hadhad moremore money money I I couldcould buybuy a a car car 六 虚拟语气测试题六 虚拟语气测试题 I I 用所给单词的适当形式填空 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1 If1 If youyou follow follow thethe doctor doctor you be you be allall rightright now now 2 2 IfIf wewe drive drive thethe carcar byby turns turns you notyou not be be soso tiredtired now now 3 3 IfIf I I be be you you I I notnot miss miss thatthat opportunity opportunity 4 4 IfIf theythey start start inin thethe earlyearly morning morning theythey arrive arrive soonsoon 5 If5 If youyou take take anan umbrella umbrella you notyou not be be wetwet now now 6 6 WithoutWithout water water therethere be be nono livingliving things things 7 7 ButBut forfor youryour help help wewe not not finish finish thethe work work 8 8 TheThe youngyoung manman insistedinsisted thatthat hehe do do nothingnothing wrongwrong andand set set free free 9 9 HadHad youyou listenedlistened toto thethe doctor doctor youyou be be allall rightright now now 10 10 looklook atat thethe terribleterrible situationsituation I I amam in in IfIf onlyonly I I follow follow youryour advice advice IIII 单项选择单项选择 1 1 IfIf I I hadhad enoughenough time time I I itit betterbetter nextnext timetime A A willwill dodoB B havehave donedoneC C diddidD D wouldwould dodo 2 2 IfIf mymy carcar moremore reliable reliable I I wouldwould havehave drivendriven toto LhasaLhasa insteadinstead ofof flyingflying lastlast summer summer A wasA wasB hadB had beenbeen C shouldC should bebe D wouldD would bebe 3 3 HowHow I I wishwish everyevery familyfamily a a largelarge househouse withwith a a beautifulbeautiful gardengarden A A hadhadB B havehave hadhadC C willwill havehaveD D hadhad hadhad 4 4 SorrySorry I I amam tootoo busybusy nownow IfIf I I timetime I I wouldwould certainlycertainly gogo forfor anan outingouting withwith youyou A A hadhadB B havehave hadhadC C hadhad hadhadD D havehave 5 5 I I throughthrough thatthat bitterbitter periodperiod withoutwithout youryour generousgenerous helphelp A A wouldnwouldn t t havehave gonegoneB B didndidn t t gogoC C wouldnwouldn t t gogo D D hadnhadn t t gonegone 6 6 HeHe willwill comecome tomorrowtomorrow ButBut I I d d ratherrather hehe thethe dayday afterafter tomorrowtomorrow A A willwill comecome B B isis comingcoming C C camecame D D hadhad comecome 7 7 WhatWhat wouldwould havehave happenedhappened asas farfar asas thethe riverriver bankbank A A BobBob hadhad walkedwalked fartherfarther B B ifif BobBob shouldshould walkedwalked fartherfarther C C hadhad BobBob walkedwalked fartherfarther D D ifif BobBob walkedwalked fartherfarther 8 8 TheThe weatherweather turnedturned outout toto bebe finefine yesterdayyesterday I I thethe troubletrouble toto carrycarry mymy umbrellaumbrella withwith meme A A shouldshould havehave takentaken B B couldcould havehave takentaken 精品文档 5欢迎下载 C C mustnmustn t t havehave takentaken D D neednneedn t t havehave takentaken 9 9 YouYou muchmuch betterbetter nownow ifif youyou hadhad takentaken thethe doctordoctor s s adviceadvice A A wouldwould bebe B B wouldwould havehave beenbeen C C willwill bebe D D shouldshould bebe 10 10 myselfmyself toto mymy studystudy I I wouldwould bebe sittingsitting inin a a comfortablecomfortable tabletable officeoffice nownow A A IfIf I I devoteddevoted B B ShouldShould I I devotedevote C C WouldWould I I devotedevote D D HadHad I I devoteddevoted 11 11 itit rainrain tomorrowtomorrow wewe wouldwould havehave toto putput offoff thethe visitvisit toto ZhonshanZhonshan BridgeBridge A A WereWere B B ShouldShould C C WouldWould D D WillWill 12 12 IfIf hehe mymy adviceadvice hehe wouldnwouldn t t havehave lostlost hishis jobjob A A followedfollowed B B shouldshould followfollow C C hadhad followedfollowed D D wouldwould followfollow 13 13 nono airair oror waterwater therethere wouldwould bebe nono lifelife inin thethe worldworld A A WereWere therethere B B ThereThere areare C C ThereThere waswas D D IsIs therethere 14 14 ItIt s s highhigh timetime thatthat youryour daughterdaughter toto schoolschool A A wouldwould bebe sentsent B B mustmust bebe sentsentC C shouldshould bebe sentsentD D isis sentsent 15 15 ItIt isis necessarynecessary thatthat thesethese exerciseexercise booksbooks asas soonsoon asas possiblepossible A A areare handedhanded ininB B wouldwould bebe handedhanded inin C C willwill bebe handedhanded inin D D bebe handedhanded inin 16 16 Mr GreenMr Green requiresrequires thatthat thethe studentsstudents a a compositioncomposition everyevery otherother weekweek A A writewriteB B writtenwrittenC C wouldwould writewrite D D willwill writewrite 17 17 ButBut forfor thethe helphelp ofof mymy EnglishEnglish teacherteacher I I thethe firstfirst prizeprize inin thethe EnglishEnglish writingwriting compositioncomposition A A wouldwould notnot winwinB B wouldwould notnot havehave wonwon C C wouldwould winwinD D wouldwould havehave wonwon 18 18 BrownBrown hadhad intendedintended toto taketake a a jobjob inin businessbusiness butbut thatthat planplan afterafter thethe unpleasantunpleasant experienceexperience inin AmericaAmerica inin 2011 2011 A A hadhad abandonedabandonedB B hashas abandonedabandonedC C abandonedabandonedD D willwill abandonabandon IIIIII 根据汉语提示 根据汉语提示 用括号中的单词完成句子 用括号中的单词完成句子 1 1 要是他按照医生要求的那样静静地躺着 要是他按照医生要求的那样静静地躺着 他现在就不那样受罪了 他现在就不那样受罪了 IfIf hehe hadhad lainlain quietlyquietly asas