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被动语态一、语态概述英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如:Many people speak English. 谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。所谓“被动语态”,相当于中文中常说的“被”、“由”的句式,如:“他的自行车被偷了。”,再如:English is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。判断:看下面的两个例句,你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动?He opened the door.他开了门。 (_)The door was opened.门被开了。 (_)二、被动语态的构成: be动词+Vp.p被动特点强调宾,用be加上过去分。行为对象作主语,逻辑主语by来引。1. English is _(speak)in Canada.2. The blouse is _(make)of silk.3. English is _(speak)by many people.谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者需强调,用被动语态莫忘了。1. Some stamps were _(steal)last week.2. The PRC was _(found)on October 1, 1949.3. Football is _(play)in most middle schools.被动语态须留意,P.P前面助动be. be + P.Pam(is,are)现在时,am(is,are)+P.Pwas和were表过去。was(were)+P.P完成have(has)been。have(has)been+P.P将来,情态,be原形。will(can,may,must)be+P.P进行时态两个be,前表时态后加ing。am(is,are)+being+P.P被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。凡是汉语中带“被”的句子,都能转换成英语的被动语态。三几种常用时态的被动语态1.一般现在时: am/is/are+过去分词肯定句:Bikes are _(sell)in that shop.否定句:Bikes are not sold in that shop.疑问句:Are bikes sold in that shop? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.2.一般过去时: was/were+过去分词肯定句:He was _(save)in 1999.否定句:He was not saved in 1999.疑问句:Was he saved in 1999? Yes, he was. / No,he wasnt.3.一般将来时: shall/will/be going to + be+过去分词肯定句:An English class will be _(give)by Jack tomorrow.否定句:An English class will not be given by Jack tomorrow.疑问句:Will an English class be given by Jack tomorrow? 4.现在进行时:am/is/are + being+过去分词肯定句:A car is being _(drive)now.否定句:A car is not being driven now.疑问句:Is a car being driven now? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt.5.现在完成时:have / has+ been+过去分词肯定句:A road has been _(build)by the government.否定句:A road hasnt been built by the government.疑问句:Has a road been built by the government? Yes, it has. / No, it hasnt.6.情态动词:情态动词+be + P.P1)This clock can be _(repair)here.2)The trees may be _(plant)at other times of the year.3)The composition must be _(hand)in after class.4)The young trees should be _(plant)in spring. 四、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如:Some new computers were _(steal)last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)This book was _(publish)in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。例如:The window was _(break)by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。This book was _(write)by him. 这本书是他写的。Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 五、主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:1.All the people _(laugh)at him. He was _(laugh)at by all people.2.They _(make)the bikes in the factory. The bikes are _(make)by them in the factory.六、补充一些宾补动词如make, see, hear等在主动语态中可以接动词原形(实为省略to的动词不定式)作为宾语补足语的动词在变被动语态是一定要注意恢复to。如:He made me stand outside. I was made to stand outside(by him).I saw him play football. He was seen to play football(by him). 专项练习一、选择题( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build( )2. An accident _ on this road last week.A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened( )3.Cotton(棉花) _ in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow( )4.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives( )5.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted( )6.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done( )7.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known( )8. The children _ by the nurse.A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D. looked ( )9. He _ some pieces of advice, but he _ to them.A. gave, didnt listen B. was given, wasnt listenedC. give, wasnt listened D. was given, didnt listen ( ) 10. The question _ by us soon.A. is going to discuss B. will discussC. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed ( )11. The lab _ about five years ago.A. was built B. was built C. builds D. has been built ( )12. A lot of tall buildings _ in his hometown in the last three years.A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up ( )13. They _ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished D. have been finished ( )14. Rice _ also _ in their hometown.A. isgrown B. isgrew C. wasgrew D. wasgrown ( )15. He _ by the teachers.A. is always praised B. praisesC. have been praised D. always is praised ( )16. The picture_ in October, 1996.A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken ( )17. We cant use the bridge now, because it_ .A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired ( )18. I _the way to the railway station by a policeman.A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing ( )19. The war_ in 1941.A. broke out B. had been broken outC. was broken out D. had broken out ( )20. When water_ , it will be changed into vapour.A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats ( )21. We cant enter the room because its door_ .A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking ( )22. They _day and night.A. are made work B. are made to work C. made to be worked D. are making to work ( )23. Man-made satellites _into space by many countries.A. was sent up B. is sent upC. have been sent up D. has been sent up ( )24. This English song _ often _ by the children.A.is, singing B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung ( )25.The windows of our house _once a week.A. must clean B. have cleaned C. is cleaned D. are cleaned ( )26. When _ the Peoples Republic of China_ ? A. was, found B. was, founded C. did, found D. does, found ( )27. Marys radio _ by my brother just now. A. will be mended B. has mended C. was mended D. mended ( )28. Some trees may _ at other times of the year. A. be planted B. plant C. are planted D. will be planted ( )29. A new English play _ there next week. A. will put on B. will be put on C. is going to put on D. will be putted on ( )30. A strange thing _ in our school yesterday. A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going to happen ( )31. The glass _ . It _ by little Tom this morning. A. broke, is broken B. is broken, was broken C. was broken, broke D. has been broken, broken 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.Its said(据说) that the long bridge_(build)in two months2.Where to have the meeting _ (discuss)now3.Which language _the most widely_(speak)in the world?4.The lost boy_(not find)so far5.Last year a large number of trees_(cut)down6. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop.7 What _ knives _ (make) of ?8. They_(make) of metal(金属) and wood.9. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library?10. The room _ (clean) by me every day.11. The stars cant _ (see) in the daytime.12. How long _ your uncle _(be) in the city?13. The food _ (smell) delicious.14. Look! Someone _(dance).三、按要求改写下列句子,一空一词。 1.Tea grows in South China.(改为被动语态)_.2. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态) An Englis

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