高考语法专题：定语从句

1 / 13高考语法专题：定语从句高考语法专题：定语从句考纲新研读考查的重点是介词+关系代词 which，whom 引导的定语从句；非限制性定语从句也时有考查。1.限制性定语从句句子作定语，由关系代词和关系副词引导，被修饰部分叫先行词。(1)关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,在句子中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。that,指人或物：Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?Thefinger(that)Iputintomymouthwasnottheone(that)Ihaddippedintothecup.which,指物：Achemicalsshopisashopwhichsellsmedicine.(作主语)Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.(作宾语)who,whom,whose,指人，分别做主语、宾语和定语：Themanwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisournewheadmaster.Whostheman(whom)youjusttalkedto?2 / 13Thisistheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.介词后指人用 whom,指物用 which。介词可提前，也可在后；在后时可用 who,that，也可省略：Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.=Thisistheroom(which/that)welivedinlastyear.Whosthemanwithwhomyoujustshookhands?=Whostheman(who/whom/that)youjustshookhandswith?但是固定搭配,介词不能提前：Isthisthebookwhichshewaslookingfor?(2)关系副词：when,where,why,在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。when,指时间：Istillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)IfirstcametoBeijing.比较：IstillrememberthedaythatIspentinBeijing.where,指地点：Thisisthehousewhere(inwhich)Ilivedtwoyearsago.比较：ThisisthehousethatIboughttwoyearsago.3 / 13why,指原因：在“reason”后：Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthatthecarbrokedownontheway.比较：Thereasonthathegaveusisnotreasonable.(3)thesame.as;such.as 引导的定语从句：ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.youshouldpaymoreattentiontosuchmistakesasyoumadelasttime.Thisissuchaninterestingbookaseveryonelikestoread.(4)定语从句典例：LiHuaisoneoftheboyswhoareneverlateforschool.(who 指 boys)李华是从不迟到的男孩之一。LiHuaistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoisneverlateforschool.(who 指 one)李华是男孩中唯一从不迟到的。Isthisnewteachingbuildingtheoneyouvisitedlastnight?(变为陈述句后，is 移到 building 之后。)Isthisthenewteachingbuildingyouvisitedlastnight?4 / 13(变为陈述句后，is 移到 this 之后。)Whoisthemanthatistalkingwithourteacher?(为避免重复，用 that 不用 who)(5)定语从句应注意的几点：引导的定语从句与 that 引导的同位语从句的区别：Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.(that 引导的是定语从句，that 作宾语，可省略。)Thefactthatthechineseinventedthecompassisknowntoall.(that 引导的是同位语从句，that 不作成分，不能省略，句子介绍的是 fact 的具体内容。)B.用 that 不用 which：两者都可表物，大部分情况可通用，但下列情况例外：先行词为all,few,much,little,nothing,everything,anything 等：Allthatmustbedonehasbeendone.ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.先行词被all,few,little,any,thevery,theonly,first，second,last 或形容词的最高级修饰时：5 / 13Thatstheonlythingthatwecandonow.ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.先行词既有人也有物时：myfatherandhisteachertalkedofthingsandpersons(that)theyrememberedintheschool.c.用 which 不用 that：指物，在介词后或引导非限制性定语从句：IllneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy.Thatwastheway(inwhich)shelookedafterus.Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.2.非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，而非限制性定语从句只是附加说明，如果去掉，主句意思仍然清楚。非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开，由which,who,whom,whose,where,when、等引导：6 / 13Hisbrother,whoisaPLAman,wrotetohim.(只有一个哥哥)HisbrotherwhoisaPLAmanwrotetohim.(不只一个哥哥)Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.Wellputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewontbesobusy.Hetookoutapieceofpaper,onwhichwerewrittensomewords.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.比较：“他有两个女儿,其中一个是护士。 ”Hehastwodaughters,oneofwhomworksasanurse.(非限制性定语从句)Hehastwodaughters,andoneofthemworksasanurse.(并列句)另外，as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句，可代替整个句子，as 指熟知的内容，引导的句子可在句首、句中和句尾；而 which 指没想到的事情或客观事实，且只能在句尾。比较：7 / 13Asisknowntoall,Taiwanbelongstochina.Theearth,asweknow,goesaroundthesun.Heisagainsttheidea,ascanbeexpected.HehastoworkonSundays,whichhedoesntlike.Sheremarried,aswehadexpected.3.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句(1)介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，修饰物时用 which不用 that,修饰人时用 whom 不用 who。例如：Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.Whosthecomradewithwhomyoujustshookhands?(2)注意:固定搭配,介词不能提前。例如：Isthisthebookwhichshewaslookingfor?(3)既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。例如：Behaviorisamirrorinwhicheveryoneshowshisimage.Lifeisapieceofwhitepaper,onwhicheveryonecanputoneortwooftheirownwordsdown.Theyarrivedatanoldchurch,infrontofwhichstoodabigcrowdofpeople.Alsopresentweretwoofhiscolleagues,oneofwhomwas8 / 13injured.高考新剖析_e-mailaccountisfullwontbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.XX 年高考天津卷,_wasverykindofhim.XX 年高考全国卷cA_communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.XX 年高考上海卷_hesaidit.,thatevening,_Illtellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachelsplace.,_wasEricArthur,wrotemany9 / 13politicalnovelsandessays.cADD7.Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?Thereisnooneelse_,isthere?,_shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.,_wasbeyondhiswildestdream.,_hewentontoBeijingUniversity.10 / 13BDAA精题新探究_isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywascompletelybetterbythetimethedoctorarrived._Ihaveeverseen.,_uptohalfwillbefromoverseas.,inmyopinion,_creativeabilityisunthinkablyrich,isseldomtakennoticeofbyus,_shouldbetrainedinthatarea.;which;thatcB11 / 13DB,thethiefhadtohandineverything_hehadstolentothepolice.6._isknowntotheworld,chinasLiuXiangbecamethefirstAsianinhistorytowinthemens110mhurdlesattheolympicGames.tknowthereason_youwereabsentfromthemeeting,butIamnotsurethatsomeonewilltellmethereason_youhaventtoldme.;why;that,Lucytoldusaboutthecitiesandthepeople_shehadvisited.12 / 13DcAA_Iwascaught,Iwaslateforthemeeting.,thereisamysteriousdarkhole,_depthhasneverbeenmeasur