LanguageProblem-Solving1.docx

阅读文本FIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the suns harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.Causes of burnsYou can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation(by being close the high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.Types of burnsThere are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.First degree burns These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burs are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and bums caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment.Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe Characteristics of burns injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.Characteristics of burnsFirst degree burnsdry, red and mildly swollenmildly painfulturn white when pressedSecond degree burnsrough, red and swollenblisterswatery surfaceextremely painfulThird degree burnsblack and white and charredswollen: often tissue under them can be seenlittle or no pain if nerves are damaged, may be pain around edge of injured areaFirst aid treatment1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling. ) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water squeezing the water out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6 If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible bums are on the face, the victim should sit up.7 If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.Reading：FIRST AID FOR BURNS导学案学习目标：1. 能运用寻读、略读等技能准确地找到关于烧伤的原因、程度、特征及急救措施等方面的信息。2. 阅读后可根据具体情形判断病人的烧伤程度，为其提供适当的急救措施建议。Learning steps：Step1 lead in1. What happened to the woman in the video?2. Brainstorm: What should we do to help them before we can find a doctor?Step2 While-readingTask1 Match the main idea of each part.Part1 the three types of burnsPart2 what to do if someone gets burnedPart3 the functions of skinPart4 the symptoms of burnsPart5 how we get burnsTask2 Scan for the detail information in the first part and fill the blanks. 1. Why is the skin so important for us?Because the skin is an _ part of our body and its _organ. It has many functions.2. What are the functions of our skin?1) Work as a _ against diseases, _and the suns harmful _.2) Keep us _ or _.3) _ us from losing water.4) Feel cold, heat or _.5) Give us _.Task 3 Read the second part carefully and write down the causes of burns. _ _ _ _ _ _Task 4 Find out the detail information of types of burns to fill the table.the affected layer of skindegreetimeto healprobable causesFirst degree burnsnotseriousSecond degree burnsboth the top and the second layertake a few weeks to healThird degree burnselectric shocks, burning clothes, severe petrol firesTask 5 Read part5 first aid treatment carefully and fill the blanks with some verbs._clothing using scissors if necessary._clothing and jewellery near the burns._burns with cool water._cool, clean wet cloths on the burns._the burned area gently._the burned area with a dry clean bandage._the victim _ the doctor, if possible.Task6 Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.1. Which is the characteristic that first degree burns and second degree burns share? A. Being rough. B. Being dry. C. Being red. D. Mild pains.2. According to first aid treatment, it seems that_.A. cold water is helpful to burns.B. cool water can reduce the pain caused by burns.C. ointment can protect burns from being infected.D. all the people suffering from burns should be sent to hospital immediately.3. When someone is burned, what should be done first?A. Remove clothing. B. Dry the burned area gently.C. Cool burns immediately. D. Get the victim to doctor or hospital.4. What does the underlined word “vital” in pa