新目标初中英语总复习资料精品讲义

湖北英语教学网 湖北最好的英语教学资源网站 海量英语教学资源 天天更新 新目标初中英语总复习资料精品讲义 八种动词时态 有的只要求达到理解层次 有的则要求达到熟练运用层次 至少其中 五种时态包括过去进行时是要求达到熟练运用层次的 而且其考查方式肯定不会以某一时 态的独立形式出现 而是时态的综合运用 尤其要重视各种时态之间的区别 找出它们之间的不同冠词的用法 现以冠词为例 1 John was given orange bag for his birthday but bag was lost just now A an a B a the C the a D an the 2 There s old tree near house A a an B an the C a the D the a 3 There is 800 metre long road behind hospital A an an B a a C an the D a the 4 good kind girl she is A How B What a C What D How a 5 bad weather I hope it won t last long A How B What C What a D How a 6 they are listening to the teacher A How careful B What careful C How carefully D What carefully 由上例题我们可以发现冠词和感叹句是必考内容 同样 象宾语从句的语序 代词的 格 主谓语一致 动词和介词的搭配 近义词的比较以及习惯表达法和情态动词的使用等 无一不在考查之列 所有这一切语言基础知识 我都将通过对典型试题的解题分析 展 开讨论 分层展示难易对比 系统归纳 对于语言基础知识是这样处理 那么对以能力测 试为主要目的的中考其他试题形式又该怎么办呢 这里我们以一篇完形填空题为例 A poor farmer had never left his small village After he 1 a lot of money he decided to spend a holiday in an expensive hotel 旅馆 in a bigtown 2 lunch time came on his first day there he went to eat in the restaurant 餐馆 of the hotel 3 his new clothes The head waiter 服务员 4 him to the table took his order and went away When he turned and 5 the farmer again he had a 6 The farmer had tied 系 his table cloth round his 7 The head waiter told another waiter to go to the farmer and 8 him that people 9 do such a thing in his restaurant So the waiter went tothe farmer and said in a 10 voice 声音 Good 湖北英语教学网 湖北最好的英语教学资源网站 海量英语教学资源 天天更新 morning sir Would you like a haircut 1 A lent B made C paid D gave 2 A During B Though C When D Because 3 A for B with C on D in 4 A wanted B put C showed D brought 5 A looked at B watched C saw D found 6 A look B rest C table cloth D surprise 7 A arm B neck C hand D head 8 A ask B tell C taught D told 9 A can t B don t C won t D mustn t 10 A friendly B tired C sad D ter 要求考生从所给的选项中选出正确答案 使补足后的短文意思通顺 结构完整 对此 考生必须通篇考虑 不能拿来就做 那样必然顾此失彼 前后意思不得连贯 目前的中考 完型还侧重于语法 这将在逐年试题的变革中转向按上下文的要求来推断理解 在解这类题时 必须掌握 词感现象 注意学会区分 干扰项 所谓词感 the sense of word 是指一种对词或词群的感受能力 对词的感受力强 在解题时会较为容易地 找到它与情景的关系 词感并不仅仅指词与词之间的细微差异 也并不注重词的搭配与组 合 它较多地强调选用恰当的词 以利于对情景作出合乎逻辑的判断 同时也就把其它三 个作为干扰项的选择项排除掉了 最后复读一篇全文 就会语感流畅 句意明确 这儿举例的目的是想说明 我从一个较高的立意来对中考题型 特别是完形 阅读等 进行分析 探讨 借以使同学们获得较为完整的解题思路和解题方法 词汇 一 这一讲里 主要帮助同学们掌握名词 冠词 数词的用法 特别是针对同学不易掌握的方 面 一 名词 关于名词 我们必须掌握名词的数 名词的格 单数可用 a an 来修饰可数名词单数 在元音发音开头的单词前用 an 而不是 a 湖北英语教学网 湖北最好的英语教学资源网站 海量英语教学资源 天天更新 1 复数的构成方法 1 一般在复数名词后加 s 如 dog dogs 2 以 s x ch sh 结尾的名词加 es 如 watch watches 3 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词 变 y 为 i 加 es 如 country countries 请区别 如果是元音字母加 y 结尾的名词 则只须加 s 如 monkey monkeys 4 以 o 结尾的名词 只有 potato 土豆 tomato 西红柿 加 es 构成复数 5 以 f fe 结尾的名词 变 f fe 为 v 再加 es 如 knife knives 2 单复数形式相同的词 sheep sheep fish fish Chinese Chinese Japanese Japanese 3 特殊变化的单词有 1 tooth teeth foot feeth 2 man men woman women policeman policemen Frenchman Frenchmen 请区别 German 德国人 Germans 3 child children 4 常以复数形式出现的名词 people 人 clothes 衣服 trousers 裤子 glasses 眼镜 这些 名词作主语时 同学们应特别注意它们的谓语 用复数 如 My clothes are be newer than yours 5 有些名词看似复数形式 实际上是单数 这一点是同学不易掌握的 应特别加以记忆 如 news 消息 maths 数学 physics 物理 No news is good news 6 可用 how many many a few few a lot of lots of some any 等来修饰可数名词复数 How many are there in your pencil box knife 不可数名词 1 常见的不可数名词有 water rice fish meat 等 应特别记 medicine news work homework housework money chalk weather cotton wood 2 不可数名词无复数 作主语时常看成单数 如 Some bread over there be 3 常用 how much much a little little a lot of some any 等来修饰不可数名词 4 常用 a piece of a cup of 等来表示不可数名词的量 如要表达 两片面包 这样的意义 bread 仍为不可数名词 不加 s 而 piece 则可加 s 即 twopiecesof bread 请区别 可数名词也可用量来表示 如 三箱苹果 three boxes of apples 例 1 These two pieces of bread over there be 2 Could I have three please A piece of bread B piece of breads C pieces of bread D pieces of breads 湖北英语教学网 湖北最好的英语教学资源网站 海量英语教学资源 天天更新 名词的格 名词所有格的构成方法 在名词后加 s 如 Tom Tom s 译为 的 若遇上以 s 结尾的复数名词 则在 s 后加 即可 如 Teachers Day twoweeks holiday 而不以 s 结尾的复数名词的所有格 仍按惯例加 s 如 Children s Day 关于名词所有格 应掌握以下几点 1 可用名词所有格表示地点 如 my aunt s 我姑姑家 go to the doctor s 去医生家 2 表示两人共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加 s 如 Lucy and Lily s 露西和莉莉的 3 掌握词组 a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 eg The white shirt is and blue one is A Kate my B Kate s mine C Kate mine D Kate s my 二 冠词 冠词是词汇中的基础的 也是简单的部分 所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法 归纳起 来 同学们应该掌握以下几点 1 冠词指不定冠词 a an 和定冠词 the 2 不定冠词 an 常用于元音发音开头的词前 如 an hour an English car 请区别 a useful machine 3 指上文提到过的人或物 用定冠词 the 4 在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词 the 如 the sun the moon the earth 5 定冠词 the 用于序数词前 表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前 如 the first the best in the south 6 在复数姓氏前加 the 表示 一家人 常看成复数 如 The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer 7 在介词短语中常用定冠词 the 如 in the box behind the chair 8 特别注意不能用定冠词 the 的几个方面 1 在节日 星期 月份 季节 年等词前不用冠词 如 in summer in August 请区别 in the spring of 1945 这里表示特指 故加 the 2 一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词 如 have breakfast play football 3 一些固定词组中 如 go to bed go to school by bus at night 湖北英语教学网 湖北最好的英语教学资源网站 海量英语教学资源 天天更新 9 在有些词组中 有冠词和无冠词意思不同 请注意区别 in front of 在 前面 in the hospital 在医院里 in the front of 在 范围内的前部 in hospital 生病 住院 练习 There s 800 metre long road behind hospital A an an B a a C an the D a the 三 数词 同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词 以及与数词有关的钟点表达法 对数词 的考查 中考常采用单选题及听力题 这些题型归纳起来 应掌握以下几点特别容易出错 的地方 1 基数词变序数词 其规律为 1 2 3 特殊记 加 th 从 4 起 first second third fourth 8 少 t 9 去 e 千万别忘记 eighth ninth 逢 5 逢 12 ve 变 f fifth twelfth 20 到 90 y 要变 ie twentieth ninetieth 若是几十几 前基后序别倒位 ninety first 2 hundred thousand million 在构成具体的数字时用单数形式 如 five hundred people 只有在表达笼统的多数时才加 s 构成复数形式 hundreds of 数以百计的 成百上千的 thousands of 数以千计的 成千上万的 millions of 数百万的 这些词组前不能用具体数字 3 序数词常与定冠词 the 连用 练习 Henry has learned eight French words this year A hundred B hundreds C hundred of D hundreds of The lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two twenty 另外 同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法 顺读法 钟点 分钟 如 4 30 four thirty 4 45 four forty five 4 15 four fifteen 倒读法 分钟 to past 钟点 如 4 30 half past four 4 15 fifteen past four a quarter past four 4 45 fifteen to five a quarter to five 练习题 1 At the beginning of the twenty century the world s population was about 1700 million 湖北英语教学网 湖北最好的英语教学资源网站 海量英语教学资源 天天更新 2 Are these watch yours Yes 3 You don t look well You d better go to the doctor at once 4 Would you give me please A two papers B two piece of paper C two pieces of paper D two pieces of papers 5 There are three and seven in the picture A monkeys sheeps B monkeys sheep C monkies sheep D monkies sheeps 6 A lot of are talking with two A Germans Frenchmans B Germen Frenchmans C German Frenchmen D Germans Frenchmen 7 June 1 is A the Children s Day B the Childrens Day C Children s Day D Childrens Day 8 people went out to see what had happened A Thousands of B Three thousand ofC Thousand of D Three thousands 9 We have been in the school for A three and a half month B three and a half months C three month and a half D three months and half 10 English is useful language A A an B a C The an D A 11 John was given orange bag for his birthday but bag was lost just now A an a B a the C the a D an the 12 There s old tree near house A a an B an the C a the D the a 13 There is 800 metre long road behind hospital A an an B a a C an the D a the 四 代词 人称代词 主格 单数 I you he she it 复数 we you they 宾格 单数 me you him her it 复数 us you them 物主代词 形容词性 my your his her its our your their 湖北英语教学网 湖北最好的英语教学资源网站 海量英语教学资源 天天更新 名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 1 形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语 相当于一个形容词 名词性物主代词在句中可作表 语 主语和宾语 相当于一个名词 2 注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系 是单数还是复数 如 These books aren t ours Ours are new 这里 ours our books This is not our room Ours is over there 这里 ours our room 3 of 名词性物主代词 表示所属 如 a sister of his 他的一个妹妹 a friend of mine 我的一 个朋友 4 人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 如 You she and I all enjoy the music 5 关于反身代词 同学们须掌握其固定结构 enjoy oneself have a good time 过得很愉快 by oneself alone 单独 独自 help oneself to 随便吃 喝 些 learn sth by oneself teach oneself sth 自学 练习题 1 Whose trousers are these I think A They B Their C Theirs D Them 2 Nobody taught English He taught A him himself B his himself C him by himself D his his 二 修饰可数名词 many few 表否定意义 a few 表肯定意义 修饰不数名词 much little 表否定意义 a little 表肯定意义 few 和 little 与 quite 或 only 连用时 常加不定冠词 a 如 There are quite a few new books in the library 用 little a little few a few 填空 1 I often stay at home because I have friends here 2 Jim don t go and get some water There is water in the glass 湖北英语教学网 湖北最好的英语教学资源网站 海量英语教学资源 天天更新 3 Though he learned French only weeks He can speak very well 4 Lily had bread because she was hungry yesterday 三 不定代词 something anything nothing 当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时 常后置 如 something new There s in today s newspaper 中考题 A important anything B important something C anything important D something important 四 另外 还要注意代词 some every all both either another 1 some 一些 某 一般用于肯定句中 注 some 有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中 any 任何 多用于疑问句和否定句 Will you give me some water Would you like some meat May I ask some questions Could I have some apples 2 every 单数名词 每一个 强调共性 作定语 形式上为单数 each 每一个 强调个性 作定语 主语 宾语和同位语 常与 of 连用 如 Each student was asked to try again Each of them has a nice skirt Every child likes playing games 3 all 全部 都 表示三者或三者以上 作同位语时 一般放在连系 助动词之后 行为 动词之前 none 没有 表示三者或三者以上都不 后常跟介词 of 如 We are all from Canada All of us are from Canada None of us is are afraid of dogs 单 复数均可 4 both 两者 都 作主语时 看作复数 作定语时 后跟名词复数 either 两者中任何一个 作主语时 谓语用第三人称单数 作定语时 后跟名词单数 neither 两者 都不 含有否定意义 用法同 either 如 They both swim well Both of them swim well There are trees on both sides of the street There are trees on either side of the street 湖北英语教学网 湖北最好的英语教学资源网站 海量英语教学资源 天天更新 Neither of us is going to Beijing next week Neither answer is right 5 another 单数名词 另一个 one the other 一个 另一个 the other 复数名词 the others 其他的人或物 指确定范围内剩下的全部 others 别人 五 疑问代词 5 个 wh 即 who whose whom what which 这里 which 是同学们不易掌握的内容 其实 同学们只须记住 对作定语的内容提问 常用 which 例如 I like the red shirt do you like 练习 一 根据所给单词的适当形式填空 使句意通顺 语法完整 6 Can you come with us we 7 These skirts are hers Yours are over there she 8 Please take care of yourselves boys and girls you 9 I don t think this is my frisby though it looks like mine I 10 Look at those books Are they yours that 二 根据首字母填空 11 Is there anything interesting in the newspaper 12 She asked us to help each other 13 The old man can neither read nor write 14 Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it 15 Please help yourself to some fish Lucy 三 同义句转换 16 A The children played happily in the zoo yesterday B The children enjoyed themselves in the zoo yesterday 17 A He doesn t like mutton and she doesn t either 湖北英语教学网 湖北最好的英语教学资源网站 海量英语教学资源 天天更新 B Neither he nor she likes mutton 18 A All the American people don t like sandwiches B Not all the American people like sandwiches 19 A They don t often hear the twins sing the song in the school B Neither of the twins is often heard to sing the song in the school ZK 四 单项选择 C 20 Can you speak Chinese Peter Yes but only A little B few C a little D a few A 21 Do you like Jane s new skirt Yes very much I ll ask mum to buy for me A one B it C the other D a B 22 The color of her skirt is different from of mine A one B that C it D this B 23 Students are usually interested in sports Some like running some like swimming like ball games A the others B others C the other D other A 24 I ll give the boys to eat Oh I know fish and chips A something English B English something C anything English D English anything D 25 Shall I help you with the heavy box No thanks I can do it A me B my C mine D myself D 26 What time shall we meet this afternoon 3 00 or 4 00 I don t mind time is OK A Neither B Each C Any D Either 湖北英语教学网 湖北最好的英语教学资源网站 海量英语教学资源 天天更新 C 27 My bag is full what about is full too A you Yours B his He C yours Mine D hers She D 28 I ve had enough bread Would you like No thanks A a few more B one more C another more D some more A 29 There are many trees on sides of the river A both B either C neither D each A 1 He has two bikes one is new is old A the other B other C the others D others C 2 Without the sun could grow in the world A anything B something C nothing D everything B 3 of them is going to play basketball with you this afternoon A All B Neither C Some D Both B 4 Can you tell me what a panda looks like Look This is a picture of A it B one C two D some B 5 There are not many pears here but you can take if you want to A few B a few C a little D little 二 形容词 副词 大多数的形容词 副词都有三个等级 原级 比较级 比较 更 一些 最高级 最 A 1 构成 规则情况 情况 变 化 方 法 例 词 单音节词和少数双音节词 一般情况 加 er est clever cleverer cleverest 以字母 e 结尾 加 r st nice nicer nicest 重读闭音节 末尾只有一个辅音字母时 双写加 er est big bigger biggest 以辅音字母加 y 结尾 变 y 为 i 加 er est early earlier earliest 湖北英语教学网 湖北最好的英语教学资源网站 海量英语教学资源 天天更新 部分双音节和多音节词 在词前加 more most slowly more slowly most slowly 2 不规则变化 须熟记 good well better best many much more most far farther farthest bad badly ill worse worst little less least B 常见的使用情况 1 as as 和 一样 中间用原级 2 not as so as 和 不一样 中间用原级 3 than 比 用比较级 4 有范围修饰的用最高级 如 in of among 或用从句修饰的 eg Winter is the coldest season of the year This is the best film that I have ever seen 5 比较级 and 比较级 意为 越来越 eg wetter and wetter more and more beautiful 6 The 比较级 the 比较级 越 就越 eg The more the better 越多越好 C 注意点 1 形容词最高级前一定要用 the 副词最高级前可省略 2 可用 much a little even still 等修饰比较级 3 在比较级中为了避免重复 在 than 后常用 one that those 等词来替代前面提 到过的名词 eg The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai D 掌握三种同义句转换 1 He is taller than any other student in his class He is the tallest student in his class 2 This film is less interesting than that one This film isn t as interesting as that one That film is more interesting than this one 3 I prefer maths to English I like maths better than English Which do you like fish meat eggs A best or B better or C best and D better and 此外 关于形容词 副词的内容同学们还须掌握 1 形容词修饰名词作定语 跟在连系动词之后作表语 2 副词修饰动词 形容词或其它副词 enough 属例外词 形 副 enough to do enough 名词 湖北英语教学网 湖北最好的英语教学资源网站 海量英语教学资源 天天更新 例如 She is old enough to go to school 她够上学的年龄了 3 区别几组易混淆的副词 也 too 用于肯定 疑问句 also 较为正式书面语 either 用于 否定句 已经 already 常用于肯定句 疑问句 yet 常用于否定句 疑问句 不再 no not any longer 从时间上讲 no not any more 从动作上讲 如此这样 such 修饰名词 eg such a big box so 修饰形容词 副词 eg so big 单独 独自 alone 作表语 by oneself 孤独的 lonely 可作表语 定语 eg A group of girls are singing and dancing over there happy 练习题 1 The students are having a good time in the park Some are drawing by the lake are climbing the hill A Others B Other C Another D The other 2 There isn t in today s newspaper A important something B important anything C anything important D nothing important 3 Whose watch is this Mary Is it your sister s No Mum It s not It s A hers my B her my C Mine hers D hers mine 4 The Changjiang River is the third river in the world A long B longer C longest D the longest 5 An elephant is than a horse A more strong B much stronger C the most strong D much more strong 6 Which do you like tea orange or water A good B Well C Better D Best 一 介词 1 与形容词搭配的词组有 be afraid of 怕 be angry with 生某人的气 be away from 不在某地 be different from 与 不同 be good at 善于 be good bad for 对 有益 有害 be interested in 对 感兴趣 be late for 迟到 be get ready for 为作好准备 be sure of 对 有把握 be worried about 为 感到担忧 2 介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词 ing 形式 湖北英语教学网 湖北最好的英语教学资源网站 海量英语教学资源 天天更新 1 You must take good care of her 2 Thank you for teaching us so well 3 几组易混淆的介词 A 在 之后 in 一段时间 用于一般将来时 after 一段时间 用于一般过去时 after 一点时间 常用于一般将来时 如 The baby stopped crying after half an hour The baby will stop crying in half an hour They will visit their teacher after Friday B for 一段时间 since 过去的一点时间 这两者均用于现在完成时 具体在时态部分 我会继续向同学们讲解 C be made of 用 制成 be made in 由某地制造 be made by somebody 由某人 制成 D in on at 表时间 in 在某月 季节 年 等 eg in 1996 in January in summer 固定词组 in the morning in a week in a minute in time in the end on 用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午 下午或晚上等 eg on Christmas Day on the night of February 16 at 用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中 固定词组 at seven at the moment at night at last at first at noon at times at once at this time of the year at the beginning of at the end of this month at the same time 注意 在表时间里 下列情况下一般不用介词 词组里有 next last this that tomorrow yesterday one every all 以及 the day before yesterday 和 the day after tomorrow 前不用介词 如 不能说 in tomorrow 只能说 tomorrow 在明天 E except 宾格 doing something 除 之外 不包括本身 Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao 同义句转换 Only Lin Tao isn t at school today F 用 通过交通工具 by plane 用语言 in English 通过媒介 on over the telephone on over the radio on TV 用工具手段 with a pen with one s hands G between 在 和 两者 之间 between and between the two among 在 之间 三者或三者以上 湖北英语教学网 湖北最好的英语教学资源网站 海量英语教学资源 天天更新 eg Sue spent over two hours her homework yesterday evening A on B with C at D over 二 连词 1 并列连词 both and 既 又 谓语用复数动词 neither nor 既不 也不 含否定意义 就近原则 谓语动词由靠近它的那个主语来决定 单复数 either or 或者 或者 不是 就是 and 和 连接两个并列成分 连接谓语时 两个动词时态应一致 but 但是 表转折 不能与 though 同时出现在句中 or 或者 在否定句中 并列句中的列举常用 or 而不用 and Eg I have brothers and sisters 否 I don t have brothers or sisters I have no brothers and no sisters 2 引导宾语从句的连词 陈述句 that 可省略 一般疑问句 if whether 是否 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 3 引导原因状从的有 because 不能与 so 同时出现在句中 4 引导时间状语从句的连词 A when 当 时候 as soon as 一 就 not until 直到 才 after 在 之后 引导的主从复合句 主句为一般将来时 从句则用一般现在时来代替一般将来时 Eg I won t leave until he comes back B since 自从 以来 引导的主从复合句 主句为现在完成时 从句用一般过去时 Eg We haven t met each other since she left here last year C while 当 时候 一边 一边 它引导的时间状语从句常用进行时态 Eg My father came in while I was doing my homework 5 引导条件状语从句的连词 if 如果 引导条件状从 主句用一般将来时 从句 则用一般现在时 请区别于 if 是否 相当于 whether 引导宾语从句 时态根据语境确定 eg 1 I don t know if it rain tomorrow 2 If it rain tomorrow I not climb the hills 3 Joan and Mary haven t seen each other they left school five years ago A as B before C after D since 湖北英语教学网 湖北最好的英语教学资源网站 海量英语教学资源 天天更新 三 构词法 构词有法记无定法 一 利用构词法记忆 1 合成法 note book notebook school yard schoolyard book mark bookmark 2 派生法 即在词根上加前 后缀记忆 en 使 有 courage encourage inter one with another face to face view interview foreign er 人 foreigner play er 执行动作的人 player sharpen er 执行动作的物 sharpener library y i an 人 li brarian miss v ing missing adj probable adj l y probably adv sad adj ly sadly adv compose v e i tion composition n inform v a tion information n 3 转化法 know v knowledge n 二 意义关联帮你记忆 dictionary words umbrella rain library book shelf kitchen cook 三 英英解释 温故知新 abroad in or to another country overseas interview meeting with sb 说说记忆单词的方法 词是构成句子的重要元素 词汇量的多少在英语学习中占有重要地位 今天我们讲讲怎样 记忆单词 一 把单词放入句子中 在一定的语言环境中记忆单词 如果一