澳大利亚历史人物

ProminentProminent peoplepeople ofof AustralianAustralian HistoryHistory A selection of people and iconic legends of Australian history Many thousands could be listed here however here are a selected few TheThe BarcaldineBarcaldine strikestrike leadersleaders The 1891 Shearers Strike centred around Barcaldine in Queensland during the depression of the 1890s was in response to the pastoralists reaction to falling wool prices of intending to reduce the shearers wages During the unrest the colonial administration ordered the arrest of the shearers leaders on charges of sedition and conspiracy The eventual failure of the strike broke worker militancy 战斗性 and led to the formation of a labour political movement to represent the interests of working people ArthurArthur CalwellCalwell Born 28 August 1896 West Melbourne Victoria Died 8 July 1973 Arthur Calwell was Australia s first Minister for Immigration 1945 to 1949 and later became the leader of the Australian Labor Party 1960 to 1967 He was the chief architect of Australia s post war immigration scheme and popularised the slogan populate or perish Also well known for his much misquoted comment Two Wongs don t make a White His immigration program co incided with a period when Australian industry was growing rapidly and suffering from shortages of skilled and semi skilled labour Although he was an advocate for the White Australia Policy it is interesting to note that Calwell spoke Chinese and had a great respect for Asian cultures See Arthur Calwell calwell html See Arthur Calwell http www fact CarolineCaroline ChisholmChisholm Born 1808 England Died 1877 Caroline Chisholm arrived in Australia in 1838 and set up a home for other women who had come to live here She worked to improve life on the ships bringing people to Australia to start a new life and started a loans plan to bring poor children and families to Australia She arranged free trips so that the families of convicts who were transported to Australia could come to join them CaptainCaptain CookCook Born 27 October 1728 Marton Yorkshire England Died 14 February 1779 clubbed and stabbed to death by the not so friendly natives in Hawaii James Cook was appointed in 1768 to command HM Bark Endeavour to carry scientists to the South Seas on observe the transit of Venus across the sun due to occur in 1769 and to explore the South Pacific for the Great South Land that was believed to exist referred to as New Holland as Dutch explorers had claimed to have sighted the west and north coasts After the scientists Venus observations were completed Cook charted the New Zealand coastline and then sailed westward to find the east coast of New Holland Australia Land was sighted on 20 April 1770 at what was named Point Hicks then he sailed north landing at Botany Bay set sail again and then landed on Possession Island on 22 August 1770 where he formally claimed the whole east coast for Britain naming it New South Wales JohnJohn CurtinCurtin Born 1885 Creswick Victoria Died 5 July 1945 Canberra ACT Australia s wartime Prime Minister Was elected secretary of the Timber Worker s Union in Victoria in 1911 In 1916 when Billy Hughes was trying to introduce conscription Curtin became secretary of the Victorian Anti Conscription Campaign Committee and was sentenced to three months jail for his speeches in opposition to conscription although after an appeal he was released having served only three days of his sentence Curtin entered Federal Parliament as the Member for Fremantle in 1928 and formed a Labor Government in 1941 that governed Australia through the rest of the Second World War Curtin argued with Churchill for the sending of Australia s forces back to New Guinea to fight off successfully the Japanese thrust until the United States could mobilise for the drive back to Japan and he battled unsuccessfully with both Churchill and Roosevelt to have the Pacific war against the Japanese given the same priority as the European war against the Germans While his Government reorganised the war effort and provided Australia with its own aircraft guns tanks munitions and soldiers they also arranged widows pensions unemployment benefits as well as planning an Australian Government airline and a system of free hospitals Curtin did not live to see the end of the war or to see his post war reconstruction policies come to fulfilment as he died in July 1945 Curtin is regarded as one of the greatest Australian Prime Ministers DanielDaniel DeniehyDeniehy Born 16th August 1828 Sydney NSW Died 22nd October 1865 Bathurst NSW Daniel Henry Deniehy was elected to the NSW Legislative Assembly in 1857 and 1860 with his main aim to open up public lands to the working class He helped form the New South Wales Electoral Reform League in order to push for greater democracy He also founded his own newspaper in 1859 the Southern Cross to review public affairs foster national sentiment and work towards the federation of the colonies See Daniel Deniehy Republican Patriot au natinfo 1denieh y htm C J C J DennisDennis Born 7 September 1876 Auburn South Australia Died 22 June 1938 Melbourne C J Dennis poet and journalist was popular in Australia for his down to earth works written in the vernacular of the times In 1913 Dennis published a volume titled Backblock ballads and other verses but it was not a financial success Immediate success was achieved with The Songs of a sentimental bloke a love story written in slang which was published in October 1915 three editions were required in 1915 nine in 1916 and by 1976 fifty seven editions had been published in Australia England Canada and the USA See Perry Middlemiss site re C J Dennis http www middlemiss org lit authors denniscj MaryMary GilmoreGilmore Born 1864 Mary Cameron Cotta Walla near Goulburn New South Wales Died 1962 Mary Gilmore was a teacher and writer She was the editor of the women s pages of the Australian Workernewspaper for 23 years She joined William Lane s New Australia utopian experiment settlement in Paraguay and married William Gilmore there in 1897 they both returned to Australia in 1902 A well known Australian poet her most popular piece is No Foe Shall Gather Our Harvest NedNed KellyKelly Birth date unknown commonly believed to be between November 1854 and January 1855 at Beveridge 25 miles north of Melbourne Victoria Died on the 11th November 1880 hung at Melbourne Gaol Victoria Ned Kelly is Australia s most famous bushranger Said to have been forced into bushranging by the police who were looking to shoot him he and his gang robbed banks rather than robbing common folk The Kelly gang had many active supporters and a wide following and he made plans for the establishing a Republic of North Eastern Ned was captured at Glenrowan and was tried at Melbourne where he was sentenced to death by hanging See Ned Kelly Australian Iron Outlaw incl a history of the Kelly Gang TheThe menmen ofof KokodaKokoda thethe saviourssaviours ofof AustraliaAustralia 1942 The New Guinea campaign which included Milne Bay and was typified by the Kododa Track is seen as a defining moment in Australia s history This was where the preceived invincibility of the Japanese Army was first seen to be broken The courage and heroism of our troops on the Kokoda Track is one of the proudest and and most memorable episodes in Australia s wartime history See The Kokoda Track Memorial Walkway au incl an impressive map while there he found employment painting houses and then during a brutal drought humped his bluey there and back to Hungerford This revelation of the harshness of the outback was pivotal in Lawson s understanding of the country leaving a deep mark on Lawson s psyche and validating his belief in the horrors of bush life and supplied the impetus for The Union Buries Its Dead and Hungerford Lawson was well known for his bush ballads The Teams The Roaring Days and Andy s Gone with the Cattle as well as his social and political works such as Watch on the Kerb Faces in the Street Freedom on the Wallaby and The Army of the Rear In 1986 Lawson married Bertha Bredt stepdaughter of the radical Sydney bookseller W H McNamara and sister in law of Jack Lang He tried his hand in New Zealand 1897 then in England 1900 and returned to Sydney in 1902 His alcoholism dating from 1898 then became a major problem leading to separation from his wife in 1903 From 1907 to 1918 Lawson was often destitute although he was later awarded a weekly pension from the Commonwealth Literary Fund in 1920 When he died in 1922 Lawson was given a state funeral at St Andrew s Church See Old Poetry See The Poetry of Henry Lawson au natinfo lawson TedTed MackMack Ted Mack is the only Australian to ever have been elected and re elected as an independent to local state and federal government He was elected to the North Sydney City Council as an Alderman in 1974 where he served until 1988 he was Mayor of North Sydney 1980 1988 while serving as mayor he was elected to the New South Wales state parliament as the Member of the Legislative Assembly for North Shore 1981 1988 and was elected as the federal Member of Parliament for North Sydney from 1990 to 1996 He instituted democratic reforms in his local area and is well respected as a man of democracy Mack has been a staunch defender of electors rights and a passionate supporter of peoples right to a greater say in government He was also elected as an independent Republican delegate to the 1998 Constitutional Convention where he opposed the model favoured by the Australian Republican Movement and argued that Australian voters should have a direct say in the process to decide their Head of State See Ted Mack The Independent http www johnston See The truly honorable Mr Mack au www root pdf ti010402 pdf CaptainCaptain MoonlightMoonlight Born 1842 North Ireland Died 20 January 1880 hung in Darlinghurst Gaol Sydney NSW Andrew Scott better known as Captain Moonlight was a bushranger He robbed the Mt Egerton branch Victoria of the London Chartered Bank on 20 December 1870 he was brought before the Sydney Quarter Sessions for passing bad cheques and and he was sentenced to twelve months in Maitland Gaol On his release in March 1872 he was promptly arrested and extradited to Victoria to face a re opening of the Mt Egerton bank robbery case Judge Redmond Barry the same judge that tried Ned Kelly sentenced him to ten years imprisonment for the robbery and gave him an additional twelve months for escaping from Ballarat Gaol for a few days whilst awaiting trial He was released 18 March 1879 and was soon after strongly suspected of robbing the Lancefield bank went to NSW held up the Wantabadgery Station homestead ending up with over 30 hostages however when the police were alerted Scott and his partners in crime escaped although they were later recaptured when they holed up in another homestead He was tried in Sydney on 8 December 1879 and sentenced to death See Andrew George Scott alias Captain Moonlight au bushrangers scott a htm BreakerBreaker MorantMorant Born Christmas 1865 Bideford Devon England according to him Died 27 February 1902 Pretoria South Africa shot by a firing squad Harry Breaker Morant was a horse breaker of much repute as well as being a writer for The Bulletin His origins are shrouded in mystery and seems to have appeared in Australia from nowhere or at least no official trace of him arriving or of his origins has yet been found He signed up for the Boer War was alleged to have shot some Boer prisoners under orders from his superior officer Captain Hunt and was executed by the British Army The film Breaker Morant is worthwhile watching HenryHenry ParkesParkes Born in 1815 England Died in1896 Sir Henry Parkes was a famous journalist and politician He was an ex chartist and he migrated to Sydney in 1839 and worked as a toymaker a labourer and a journalist He established the Empire Newspaper in 1850 which failed financially He led public protests against re introduction of convict labour Elected to Legislative Council in 1854 he was a strong democrat and disagreed with William Wentworth s amended Constitution he considered it a squatter s constitution He organised local government bodies and initiated hospital reforms He also introduced compulsory free education withdrawing all state aid to church schools in 1880 He was appointed Colonial secretary 1866 and Premier of New South Wales in 1872 and remained a political giant until the final collapse of his government in 1891 which marked the end of his political career He was a great advocate of Federation In 1880 he called an Intercolonial Conference to discuss Chinese immigration following which all states except Western Australia agreed to impose restrictions He made a famous afterdinner speech at Tenterfield in 1889 which was a powerful emotional appeal on behalf of Federation Later similar speeches throughout N S W resulted in an unsuccessful Federal Conference in Melbourne 1890 Parkes was the president of 1891 National Convention but disapproved of the draft constitutions The Australian Natives Association at Corowa 1893 adopted his suggestion that a convention be elected to draw up a constitution BanjoBanjo PatersonPaterson Born 17 February 1864 near Orange New South Wales Died 5 February 1941 Sydney NSW Andrew Barton Paterson is possibly Australia s most popular poet with his compositions including Waltzing Matilda The Man from Snowy River Clancy of the Overflow and The Geebung Polo Club He used the pseudonym of The Banjo for his magazine writings an alias derived from the name of a racehorse the family owned and had a deep affection for horses being a natural horseman and not surprisingly many of his works have a horse theme Paterson was caught up in colonial Australia s commitment to the unfortunate Boer War becoming a war correspondent Before his death in 1941 he had provided a timeless literary legacy of Australia s unique cultural heritage and identity See Old Poetry W G W G SpenceSpence Born 1846 in a village in the Orkney Islands Scotland Died 13 December 1926 William Guthrie Spence is well known as a trade union leader He came to Australia with his father hoping to find gold on the Ballarat goldfields in 1853 As a miner Spence held several minor posts in the Amalgamated Miners Association of Victoria until eventually being elected Secretary in 1882 In 1886 Spence became foundation president of the Amalgamated Shearers Union of Australasia and guided the union