英语词汇学复习试题

英语词汇学复习题英语词汇学复习题 Introduction and Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary 练习 1 I Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement 1 Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words primarily through the use of construct A word B form C morpheme D root 2 is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words A Semantics B Linguistics C Etymology D Stylistics 3 Modern English is derived from the language of early tribes A Greek B Roman C Italian D Germanic 4 Semantics is the study of meaning of different levels lexis syntax utterance discourse etc A linguistic B grammatical C arbitrary D semantic 5 Stylistics is the study of style It is concerned with the user s choices of linguistic elements in a particular for special effects A situation B context C time D place 6 Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems the form meaning origins and usages of words but they have a difference A spelling B semantic C pronunciation D pragmatic 7 Terminology consists of terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas A technical B artistic C different D academic 8 refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts sciences trades and professions communicate among themselves A Slang B Jargon C Dialectal words D Argot 9 belongs to the sub standard language a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in group words A Jargon B Argot C Dialectal words D Slang 10 Argot generally refers to the jargon of Its use is confined to the sub cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it A workers B criminals C any person D policeman 11 are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question A Argot B Slang C Jargon D Dialectal words 12 Archaisms are words or forms that were once in use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use A common B little C slight D great 13 Neologisms are newly created words or expressions or words that have taken on meanings A new B old C bad D good 14 Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as words They include nouns verbs adjectives adverbs and numerals A functional B notional C empty D formal 15 Functional words do not have notions of their own Therefore they are also called words Prepositions conjunctions auxiliaries and articles belong to this category A content B notional C empty D new II Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book 16 meanings17 morphological historical usages 18 semantics lexicography19 diachronic20 vocabulary 16 Lexicology is a branch of linguistics inquiring into the origins and of words 17 English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the structures of English words and word equivalents their semantics relations development formation and 18 English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines such as morphology etymology stylistics 19 There are generally two approaches to the study of words namely synchronic and 20 Language study involves the study of speech sounds grammar and III Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1 basic word stock and non basic vocabulary 2 content words and functional words 3 native words and borrowed words 4 characteristics of the basic word stock A B 21 Stability A E mail 22 Collocability B aught 23 Jargon C por 24 Argot D upon 25 Notional words E hypo 26 Neologisms F at heart 27 Aliens G man 28 Semantic loans H dip 29 Archaisms I fresh 30 Empty words J emir IV Study the following words or expressions and identify 1 characteristics of the basic word stock 2 types of non basic vocabulary 31 dog cheap 32 a change of heart 33 can opener 34 Roger 35 bottom line 36 penicillin 37 auld 38 futurology 39 brethren 40 take V Define the following terms 41 word 42 Denizens 43 Aliens 44 Translation loans 45 Semantic loans VI Answer the following Questions 46 Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning sound and form with examples 47 What are the main characteristics of the basic word stock Illustrate your points with examples 48 Give the types of non basic vocabulary with examples VII Analyze and comment on the following 49 Classify the following words and point out the types of words according to notion earth cloud run walk on of upon be frequently the five but a never 50 Group the following borrowed words into Denizens Aliens Translation loans Semantic loans Dream pioneer kowtow bazaar lama master piece port shirt Key to Exercises I 1 A2 C3 D4 A5 B6 D7 A8 B9 D10 B11 D12 A13 A14 B15 C II 16 meanings17 morphological historical usages 18 semantics lexicography19 diachronic20 vocabulary III 21 G 22 F23 E24 H25 C26 A27 J28 I29 B30 D IV 31 the basic word stock productivity 32 the basic word stock collocability 33 the basic word stock argot 34 nonbasic word stock slang 35 nonbasic word stock jargon 36 nonbasic word stock terminology 37 nonbasic word stock dialectal words 38 nonbasic word stock neologisms 39 nonbasic word stock archaisms 40 the basic word stock polysemy V VI see the course book VII 49 Content words earth clould run walk frequently never five Functional words on of upon be the but a 50 Denizens port shirt Aliens bazaar kowtow Translation loans lama masterpiece Semantic loans dream pioneer Chapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 3 Word Formation I 练习练习 2 I Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement 1 It is assumed that the world has approximately some put it 5 000 languages which can be grouped into the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar A 5000 B 4000 C 3000 D 2000 2 The prehistoric Indo European parent language is thought to be a highly language A inflected B derived C developed D analyzed 3 After the the Germanic tribes called Angles Saxons and Jutes came in great numbers A Greeks B Indians C Romans D French 4 The introduction of had a great impact on the English vocabulary A Hinduism B Christianity C Buddhism D Islamism 5 In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings With the invaders many words came into the English language A Greek B Roman C Celtic D Scandinavian 6 It is estimated that at least words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English A 500 B 800 C 1000 D 900 7 The Normans invaded England from France in 1066 The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of words into English A French B Greek C Roman D Latin 8 By the end of the century English gradually came back into the schools the law courts and government and regained social status A 12th B 13th C 14th D 15th 9 As a result Celtic made only a contribution to the English vocabulary A small B big C great D smaller 10 The Balto Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian Lithuanian Polish Czech Bulgarian Slovenian and A Greek B Roman C Indian D Russian 11 In the Indo Iranian we have Persian Bengali Hindi Romany the last three of which are derived from the dead language A Sanskrit B Latin C Roman D Greek 12 Greek is the modern language derived from A Latin B Hellenic C Indian D Germanic 13 The five Romance languages namely Portuguese Spanish French Italian Romanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called A Sanskrit B Latin C Celtic D Anglo Saxon 14 The family consists of the four Northern European Languages Norwegian Icelandic Danish and Swedish which are generally known as Scandinavian languages A Germanic B Indo European C Albanian D Hellenic 15 By the end of the century virtually all of the people who held political or social power and many of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin A 10th B 11th C 12th D 13th II Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book 16 Old English 17 Leveled endings 18 analytic 19 Germanic 20 Late 1700 up to the present 16 Now people generally refer to Anglo Saxon as 17 If we say that Old English was a language of full endings Middle English was one of 18 It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language Old English to the present language 19 The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups which can be grouped into an Eastern set Balto Slavic Indo Iranian Armenian and Albanian a Western set Celtic Italic Hellenic 20 It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early 1500 1700 and Modern English 21 III Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1 origin of the words 2 history of English development 3 language family A B 21 Celtic A politics 22 religious B moon 23 Scandinavian C Persian 24 French D London 25 Old English E abbot 26 Dutch F skirt 27 Middle English G sunu 28 Modern English H lernen 29 Germanic family I freight 30 Sanskrit J Norwegian IV Study the following words or expressions and identify types of morphemes underlined 31 free morpheme free root 32 bound root 33 suffix 34 inflectional affix 35 prefix 36 Inflectional affix 37 prefix 38 suffix 39 free morpheme free root 40 bound root 31 earth 32 contradict 33 predictor 34 radios 35 prewar 36 happiest 37 antecedent 38 northward 38 sun 40 diction V Define the following terms 41 free morphemes 42 bound morphemes 43 root 44 stem 45 affixes VI Answer the following questions Your answers should be clear and short 46 Describe the characteristics of Old English 47 Describe the characteristics of Middle English 48 Describe the characteristics of Modern English VII Answer the following questions with examples 49 What are the three main sources of new words 50 How does the modern English vocabulary develop Key to exercises I 1 C 2 A 3 C 4 B 5 D 6 D 7 A 8 B 9 A 10 D 11 A 12 B 13 B 14 A 15 B II 16 Old English 17 Leveled endings 18 analytic 19 Germanic 20 Late 1700 up to the present III 21 D 22 E 23 F 24 A 25 G 26 I 27 H 28 B 29 J 30 C IV 31 free morpheme free root 32 bound root 33 suffix 34 inflectional affix 35 prefix 36 Inflectional affix 37 prefix 38 suffix 39 free morpheme free root 40 bound root V VI See the course book VII 49 The three main sources of new words are 1 The rapid development of modern science and technology e g astrobiology green revolution 2 Social economic and political changes e g Watergate soy milk 3 The influence of other cultures and language e g felafel Nehru Jackets 50 Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels 1 creation e g consideration carefulness 2 semantic change e g Polysemy homonymy 3 borrowing e g tofu gongful Chapter 3 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 4 Word Formation II 练习 练习 3 I Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement 1 The prefixes in the words of irresistible non classical and apolitical are called A reversative prefixes B negative prefixes C pejorative prefixes D locative prefixes 2 The prefixes contained in the following words are called pseudo friend malpractice mistrust A reversative prefixed B negative prefixes C pejorative prefixes D locative prefixes 3 The prefixed contained in unwrap de compose and disallow are A reversative prefixed B negative prefixes C pejorative prefixes D locative prefixes 4 The prefixes in words extra strong over weight and archbishop are A negative prefixes B prefixes of degree or size C pejorative prefixes D locative prefixes 5 The prefixes in words bilingual uniform and hemisphere are A number prefixes B prefixes of degree or size C pejorative prefixes D locative prefixes 6 are contained in words trans world intra party and forehead A Prefixes of orientation and attitude B Prefixes of time and order C Locative prefixes D Prefixes of degree or size 7 Rugby afghan and champagne are words coming from A names of books B names of places C names of people D tradenames 8 Omega Xerox and Orlon are words from A names of books B names of places C names of people D tradenames 9 Ex student foretell and post election contain A negative prefixes B prefixes of degree or size C prefixes of time and order D locative prefixes 10 Mackintosh bloomers and cherub are from A names of books B names of places C names of people D tradenames 11 The prefixes in words new Nazi autobiography and pan European are A negative prefixes B prefixes of degree or size C prefixes of time and order D miscellaneous prefixes 12 The prefixes in words anti government prostudent and contraflow are A prefixes of degree or size B prefixes of orientation and attitude C prefixes of time and order D miscellaneous prefixes 13 Utopia odyssey and Babbit are words from A names of books B names of places C names of people D tradenames 14 The suffixes in words clockwise homewards are A noun suffixes B verb suffixes C adverb suffixes D adjective suffixes 15 The suffixes in words heighten symbolize are A noun suffixes B verb suffixes C adverb suffixes D adjective suffixes II Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book 16 derivation position compounds 18 Conversion 19 Blending 20 clipping 16 Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word forming or derivational affixes to stem This process is also known as 17 Compounding also called is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems Words formed in this way are called 18 is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class 19 is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word Words formed in this way are called blends or words 20 A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead This is called III Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to types of suffixation A B 21 Concrete denominal noun suffixes A priceless 22 Abstract denominal noun suffixes B downward 23 Deverbal noun suffixes denoting people C engineer 24 Deverbal nouns suffixes denoting action etc D darken 25 De adjective noun suffixes violinist 26 Noun and adjective suffixes F happiness 27 Denominal adjective suffixes G arguable 28 Deverbal adjective suffixes H dependent 29 Adverb suffixes I adulthood 30 Verb suffixes J survival IV Study the following words or expressions and identify 1 types of clipping 2 types of acronymy and write the full terms 31 quake 32 stereo 33 flu 34 pub 35 c o 36 V day 37 TB 38 disco 39 copter 40 perm IV Define the following terms 41 acronymy 42 back formation 43 initialisms 44 prefixation 45 suffixation VI Answer the following questions with examples 46 What are the characteristics of compounds 47 What are the main types of blendings 48 What are the main types of compounds VII Analyze and comment on the following 49 Use the following examples to explain the types of back formation 1 donate donation emote emotion 2 loaf loafer beg beggar 3 eavesdrop eavesdropping babysit babysitter 4 drowse drowsy laze lazy 50 Read the following sentence and identify the types of conversion of the italicized words 1 I m very grateful for your help 2 The rich must help the poor 3 His argument contains too many ifs and buts 4 They are better housed and clothed 5 The photograph yellowed with age 6 We downed a few beers Key to exercises I 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 A 6 C 7 B 8 D 9 C 10 C 11 D 12 B 13 A 14 C 15 B II 16 derivation position compounds 18 Conversion 19 Blending pormanteau 20 clipping III 21 C 22 I 23 H 24 J 25 F 26 E 27 A 28 G 29 B 30 D IV 31 Front clipping earthquake 32 Back clipping stereophonic 33 Front and back clipping influenza 34 Phrase clipping public house 35 Initialisms care of 36 Acronyms Victory Day 37 Initialisms tuberculosis 38 Back clipping discotheque 39 Front clipping helicopter 40 Phrase clipping permanent waves V VI See the course book VII 49 There are mainly four types of back formation 1 From abstract nouns 2 From human nouns 3 From compound nouns and others 4 From adjectives 50 1 Verb to noun 2 Adjective to noun 3 Miscellaneous conversion to noun 4 Noun to verb 5 Adjective 6 Miscellaneous conversion to verb Chapter 5 Word Meaning 练习练习 4 I Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement 1 A word is the combination of form and A spelling B writing C meaning D denoting 2 is the result of human cognition reflecting the objective world in the human mind A Reference B Concept C Sense D Context 3 Sense denotes the relationships the language A outside B with C beyond D inside 4 Most English words can be said to be A non motivated B motivated C connected D related 5 Trumpet is a n motivated word A morphologically B semantically C onomatopoeically D etymologically 6 Hopeless is a motivated word A morphologically B onomatopoeically C semantically D etymologically 7 In the sentence He is fond of pen pen is a motivated word A morphologically B onomatopoeically C semantically D etymologically 8 Walkman is a motivated word A onomatopoeically B morphologically C semantically D etymologically 9 Functional words possess strong whereas content words have both meanings and lexical meaning in particular A grammatical meaning B conceptual meaning C associative meaning D arbitrary meaning 10 is unstable varying considerably according to culture historical period and the experience of the individual A Stylistic meaning B Connotative meaning C Collocative meaning D Affective meaning 11 Affective meaning indicates the speaker s towards the person or thing in question A feeling B liking C attitude D understanding 12 are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such as oh dear me alas A Prepositions B Interjections C Exclamations D Explanations 13 It is noticeable that overlaps with stylistic and affective m