[精品]材料专业外语

精品精品 材料专业外语材料专业外语 原子质量单位Atomic massunit amu 原子数Atomic number原子量Atomic weight波尔原子模型Bohr atomicmodel键能Bonding energy库仑力Coulombic force共价键Covalent bond分子的构型molecular configuration电子构型electronic configuration负电的Electronegative正电的Electropositive基态 Ground state摩尔Mole氢键Hydrogen bond离子键Ionic bond同位素Isotope金属键Metallic bond分子Molecule原子atom泡利不相容原理Pauli exclusionprinciple元素周期表Periodic table分子molecule分子量molecule weight极性分子Polar molecule量子数quantum number价电子valence electron范德华键van derwaals bond电子轨道electron orbitals点群point group对称要素symmetry elements各向异性anisotropy原子堆积因数atomic packingfactor APF 体心立方结构body centered cubic BCC 面心立方face centered cubic FCC 布拉格定律bragg s law配位数coordination number晶体结构crystal structure晶系crystal system晶体的crystalline衍射diffraction中子衍射neutron diffraction电子衍射electron diffraction晶界grain boundary六方密堆积hexagonal close packed HCP 鲍林规则Pauling s rulesNaCl型结构NaCl type structure硅酸盐结构Structure ofsilicates岛状结构Island structure链状结构Chain structure层状结构Layer structure架状结构Framework structure滑石talc叶蜡石pyrophyllite高岭石kaolinite石英quart z长石feldspar美橄榄石forsterite各向同性的isotropic各向异性 的anisotropy晶格lattice晶格参数lattice parameters密勒指数miller indices非结晶的noncrystalline多晶的polycrystalline多晶形pol ymorphism单晶single crystal晶胞unit cell电位electron states 化合 价valence电子electrons共价键covalent bonding金属键metallic bonding离子键Ionic bonding极性分子polar molecules原子面密度atomic planardensity衍射角diffraction angle合金alloy粒度 晶粒大小grain size显微结构microstructure显微照相photomicrograph扫描电子显 微镜scanning electronmicroscope SEM 透射电子显微镜transmission electronmicroscope TEM 重量百分数weight percent四方的tetragonal单斜的monoclinic配位数coordination number固溶体solid solution固溶度solid solubility化合物pound间隙固溶体interstitial solid solution置换固溶体substitutional solidsolution金属间化合物intermetallics不混溶固溶体immiscib le solidsolution转熔型固溶体peritectic solidsolution有序固溶体ordered solidsolution无序固溶体disordered solidsolution固溶强化solidsolutionstrengthening取代型固溶体 Substitutional solidsolutions过饱和固溶体supersaturated solidsolution非化学计量化合物Nonstoichiometric pound缺陷efect imperfection点缺陷point defect线缺陷ine defect dislocation面缺陷interface defect体缺陷volume defect位错排列dislocation arrangement位错线dislocation line刃位错edge dislocation螺位错screw dislocation混合位错mixed dislocation晶界grain boundaries大角度晶界high angle grainboundaries小角度晶界tilt boundary 孪晶界twin boundaries位错阵列dislocation array位错气团dislocation atmosphere位错轴dislocation axis位错胞dislocation cell位错爬移dislocation climb位错聚结dislocation coalescence位错滑移dislocation slip位错裂纹dislocation crack位错核心能量dislocation coreenergy位错阻尼dislocation damping位错密度dislocation density原子错位substitution ofa wrongatom间隙原子interstitial atom晶格空位vacant latticesites间隙位置interstitial sites杂质impurities弗伦克尔缺陷Frenkel disorder肖脱基缺陷Schottky disorder主晶相the hostlattice错位原子misplaced atoms缔合中心Associated Centers 自由电子Free Electrons电子空穴Electron Holes伯格斯矢量Burgers克罗各 明克符号Kroger Vinknotation中性原子neutral atom体结构structure ofmelt过冷液体supercooling melt玻璃态vitreous state软化温度softening temperature粘度viscosity表面张力Surface tension介稳态过渡相metastable phase组织constitution淬火quenching退火的softened玻璃分相pha se separationin glasses体积收缩volume shrinkage相图phase diagrams相phase组分ponent组元poonent相律Phase rule投影图Projection drawing浓度三角形Concentration triangle冷却曲线Cooling curve成分position自由度freedom相平衡phase equilibrium化学势chemical potential热力学thermodynamics相律phase rule吉布斯相律Gibbs phaserule自由能free energy吉布斯自由能Gibbs freeenergy吉布斯混合能Gibbs energyof mixing吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy吉布斯函数Gibbs function热力学函数thermodynamics function热分析thermal analysis过冷supercooling过冷度degree ofsupercooling杠杆定律lever rule相界phase boundary相界线phase boundaryline相界交联phase boundarycrosslinking共轭线conjugate lines相界有限交联phase boundarycrosslinking相界反应phase boundaryreaction相变phase change相组成phase position共格相phase coherent金相相组织phase constentuent相衬phase contrast相衬显微镜phase contrastmicroscope相衬显微术phase contrastmicroscopy相分布phase distribution相平衡常数phase equilibriumconstant相平衡图phase equilibriumdiagram相变滞后phase transitionlag相分离phase segregation相序phase order相稳定性phase stability相态phase state相稳定区phase stabilerange相变温度phase transitiontemperature相变压力phase transitionpressure同质多晶转变polymorphic transformation同素异晶转变llotropic transformation相平衡条件phase equilibriumconditions显微结构microstructures低共熔体eutecto id不混溶性immiscibility材料科学基础专业词汇 第六章扩散活化 能activation energy扩散通量diffusion flux浓度梯度concentration gradient菲克第一定律Fick s firstlaw菲克第二定律Fick s secondlaw相关因子correlation factor稳态扩散steady state diffusion非稳态扩散nonsteady statediffusion扩散系数diffusion coefficient跳动几率ump frequency填隙机制interstitalcy mechanism晶界扩散grain boundarydiffusion短路扩散short circuit diffusion上坡扩散uphill diffusion下坡扩散Downhill diffusion互扩散系数Mutual diffusion渗碳剂carburizing浓度梯度concentration gradient浓度分布曲线concentration profile扩散流量diffusion flux驱动力driving force间隙扩散interstitial diffusion自扩散self diffusion表面扩散surface diffusion空位扩散vacancy diffusion扩散偶diffusion couple扩散方程diffusion equation扩散机理diffusion mechanism扩散特性diffusion property无规行走Random walk达肯方程Dark equation柯肯达尔效应Kirkendall equation空位机制Vacancy concentration本征热缺陷Intrinsic thermaldefect本征扩散系数Intrinsic diffusioncoefficient离子电导率Ion conductivity过冷supercooling过冷度degree ofsupercooling晶核nucleus形核nucleation形核功nucleation energy晶体长大crystal growth均匀形核homogeneous nucleation非均匀形核heterogeneous nucleation形核率nucleation rate长大速率growth rate热力学函数thermodynamics function临界晶核critical nucleus临界晶核半径critical nucleusradius枝晶偏析dendritic segregation局部平衡localized equilibrium平衡分配系数equilibrium distributioncoefficient有效分配系数effective distributioncoefficient引领相leading phase成分过冷constitutional supercooling共晶组织eutectic structure层状共晶lamellar eutectic伪共晶pseudoeutectic离异共晶divorsed eutectic表面等轴晶区chill zone柱状晶区columnar zone中心等轴晶区equiaxed crystalzone定向凝固unidirectional solidification急冷技术splatcooling区域提纯zone refining单晶提拉法Czochralski method晶界形核boundary nucleation位错形核dislocation nucleation晶核长大nuclei growth马氏体martensite斯宾那多分解spinodal deposition有序无序转变disordered order transition马氏体相变martensite phasetransformation固相反应solid statereaction烧结sintering烧成fire合金alloy再结晶Recrystall ization二次再结晶Secondary recrystallization成核nucleation结晶crystallization子晶 雏 晶matted crystal耔晶取向seed orientation异质核化heterogeneous nucleation均匀化热处理homogenization heattreatment铁碳合金iron carbon alloy渗碳体cementite铁素体ferrite奥氏体austenite共晶反应eut ectic reaction固溶处理solution heattreatment austenite奥氏体cementite碳化铁ponent组元congruent transformation全等变换eutectic phase共晶相eutectoid reaction共析转变ferrite铁酸盐hypereutectoid过共析pypoeutect oid亚共析intermediate solidsolution次生固溶intermetallic pound金属互化物invariant point不变点isomorphous同行的metastable亚稳microconstituent 显微组织成分pearlite珠层体peritectc reaction转熔反应proeutectoid cementite玻璃渗碳体proeutectoid ferrite先共析铁素体solubility limit溶解度solvus line溶线terminal solidsolution终端固溶体tie line两平衡相成分点间连线aeptor state受主态capacitance电容conduction band导带conductivity电导率dielectric电介体dielectric constant电容率fer