(五)高考情态动词虚拟语气及练习

精品文档 1欢迎下载 本资料来源于本资料来源于 七彩教育网七彩教育网 第五章第五章 情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气 一 情态动词的语法特征 1 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情 只表示期待或估计某事的发生 2 情态动词 除 ought 和 have 外 后面只能接不带 to 的不定式 3 情态动词没有人称 数的变化 即情态动词第三人称单数不加 s 4 情态动词没有非谓语形式 即没有不定式 分词 动名词等形式 二 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想 所说的是一个条件 多半不是事实 或 与事实相反 高考重点要求 1 情态动词的基本用法 2 情态动词表示推测的语义差别 3 情态动词后接不定式完成体的不同意义 4 虚拟语气中情态动词的用法 第一节 知识点概述 一一 情情态态动动词词 一 情态动词种类 一 情态动词种类 1 can 表示体力或脑力方面的 能力 技能 或根据客观条件能做某种动作的 可能性 但表示人的体力或智力的具体动作时须用 be able to He was able to do that without any help 他不需要任何帮助就能完成这项工作 2 may 表示 允许 可以 相当于 be allowed to may 或 might 可和 as well 连用 表示 建议 译为 还是 的为好 You may as well keep a certain distance from that mad man 你们还是离那疯子 远点为好 You might as well go home now 你还是现在回家为好 3 must 表示 必须 或 应当 一定 4 have to 加动词原形 表示 不得不 必须 它比 must 更强调客观 Tom had to work into the deep night every day to earn a living 汤姆为了生 计每天都得工作到深夜 5 should 表示 劝告 建议 或 义务 时 译作 应当 或表示 预测 和 可能 He should take care of his parents as they are old enough not to live on themselves 由于父母亲老了 不能自理 他应当照顾他们 He should be there now 他应该在那儿 should have done 在虚拟语气中表示 责备或后悔 6 ought 只有一种形式 且 ought 后必须加 to 然后跟接动词原形表示 有义务 或 必要 做某事 译为 应当 应该 精品文档 2欢迎下载 7 dare 可以用作情态动词 后面跟不带 to 的动词不定式 这主要用于否定句中 它 本身可有现在时第三人称单数 词尾加 s 它还可以有 ing 分词形式 daring 和过去式及 ed 分词形式 dared 二 情态动词在一般时否定句中的用法 二 情态动词在一般时否定句中的用法 can t cannot 表示 不可能 may not 表示 不可以 mustn t must not 表示 一定不要 不许可 needn t need not 表示 不必 dare not 动词 原形表示 不敢 He can t finish his essay by this time 现在他不可能写完论文 He may not sleep now 他或许现在没在睡觉 You mustn t criticize her in that way 你不应那样批评她 You needn t come tomorrow 你明天没必要来了 He dared not meet his fianc e 他不敢见女朋友 三 三 cancan maymay mustmust 三者用法比较三者用法比较 can may must 是三个最重要的情态动词 其基本句型如下 肯定句 主语 can may must 动词原形 否定句 主语 can may must not 动词原形 疑问句 Can May Must 主语 动词原形 1 can may must 的肯定句 You may eat lunch but you must wash your hands 你可以吃饭 但是你必须洗手 1 can a 表示能力 能 会 She can run fast but I can t 她很会跑 但是我不会 b 表示可能 能够 I can get there in ten minutes 我十分钟之后就可以到那儿 表示一种可能性 c 表示允许 许可 You can use this dictionary 你可以用这本字典 d can 和 be able to 比较 can 只有现在式和过去式 而 be able to 可以用于各种时态 can could 表示能力时 可用 be able to 代替 I can am able to pay for the book 我买得起那本书 He will be able to tell you the news soon 他很快就能告诉你消息了 She has been able to come to school 她已经能去学校了 2 may a 表示请求 许可 精品文档 3欢迎下载 May I borrow your pen 我可以借你的钢笔用一用吗 b 可能 或许 Tomorrow I may go shopping 明天 我可能 或许 去商店买东西 He might be our new teacher 他或许是我们的新老师 3 must a 必须 应该 表示有做某一动作的必要或义务 You must buy a ticket 你必须买一张票 b 一定 准是 表示有把握的判断或推测 一般只用于肯定句中 在 You must 这一句型中 它的意思与祈使句相同 You must get up early Get up early 你必须早起 You must study hard Study hard 你必须用功读书 He must be our new teacher 他肯定是我们的新老师 2 表示推测的用法 can could may might must 皆可用来表示推测 其用法如下 a could might 表示推测时不表示时态 其推测的程度不如 can may b can could 用于否定句和疑问句中 句型 主语 can t couldn t be 动词 ing 否定句 Can Could 主语 be 动词 ing 疑问句 They can t be cleaning the room now 他们现在不可能在打扫房间 c may might must 用在肯定句中 句型 主语 may might must be 动词 ing 表示对现在发生动作的推测 He must be sleeping 他现在肯定在睡觉 d 但如果上述这些词 must can t have 过去分词则指对过去已发生的事进 行推测 The road is wet It must have rained last night 地是湿的 昨天晚上肯定下雨了 There isn t any water on the road It can t couldn t have rained last night 地面上一个水滴都没有 昨天不可能下雨了 四 四 havehave toto 的用法的用法 1 have has to 动词原形 have has to 后面要用动词原形 当主语为第三人称单数时用 has to 当句子是过 去时用 had to We have to leave now 精品文档 4欢迎下载 我们不得不现在就离开 He has to work on Sunday 他不得不在周日工作 I had to do my homework last Sunday 上周日 我不得不做作业 2 have to 的否定句 句型 主语 don t doesn t didn t will not have to 动词原形 You don t have to walk so fast 你不必走那么快 He will not have to buy a new coat next year 明年 他没必要买新外衣了 3 have to 的疑问句 句型 Do Does Did Will 主语 have to 动词原形 Do you have to study maths now 你现在必须学数字吗 Yes I do 是的 必须学 No I don t have to 不 不必学 Did he have to ask the question 他非要问那个问题吗 Yes he did 是的 No he didn t have to 不 4 must 与 have to 比较 must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要 have to 侧重于客观上的必要 如果用于过去 时态或将来时态时 则要用 have to 的相应时态来代替 must 但 must 可用于间接引语中 表示过去的必要或义务 My brother was very ill so I had to call for the doctor in the middle of the night 我弟弟病得很厉害 我只得半夜里把医生请来 一般过去时 I haven t got any money with me so I ll have to borrow some from my friend 我身上没有钱 只好向朋友借点了 一般将来时 He said that they must work hard 他说他们必须努力工作 二二 虚虚拟拟语语气气 虚拟语气表示说话人的意愿 假设 猜测或建议 虚拟语气不表示客观存在的事实 谓语动词用特殊的形式表示虚拟语气 1 表示与现在事实相反时的谓语形式 从句主句 过去式 be 和 were would should could 动词原形 例如 If Tom were hungry he would eat the bread In fact Tom isn t hungry 2 表示与过去事实相反的谓语形式 从句主句 精品文档 5欢迎下载 had 过去分词would should could have 过去分词 例如 If I had left a little earlier I would have caught the early bus In fact I didn t catch the bus 3 表示与将来事实相反的谓语形式 从句主句 动词过去式 should 动词原形 were to 动词原形 would should could 动词原形 例如 If they came tomorrow we would told them about it In fact they won t come tomorrow 4 动词 wish 后的宾语从句中 谓语动词可用过去式 过去完成式或 would might 加原 形 例如 I wish I were as strong as you He wished I would stay with us She wished I had attended the meeting yesterday 5 在有些动词如 suggest insist order 等动词后 从句谓语动词用 should 动词 原形 should 可以省略 例如 He suggested that we should discuss the problem right now 6 在有些句型中如 It is important necessary natural strange 等 that 从句 中的谓语动词用 should 动词原形 should 可以省略 例如 It is necessary that the doctor should be sent there at once 7 在 It is time that I would rather that 句式中从句谓语动词用过去式 例如 It is time we went to bed I would rather he came next week 第二节 实战演练 一一 复复习习时时需需注注意意的的要要点点 一 情态动词 1 情态动词在句中没有人称和数的变化 2 含有情态动词的句子改为否定句或疑问句不必加助动词 只需要将情态动词置于主语前 或在情态动词后加上 not 例如 Must I write a letter to cheer him up You needn t wait for me 3 情态动词的过去式 例如 can could may might 但是少数情态动词只有过去式 例如 used to 表示过去常常 must 的过去式往往用 had to 代替 4 情态动词后还可接不定式的进行式 完成式和被动式 例如 He can t be doing his homework now 他现在不可能在做功课 He must have attended the meeting last night 昨晚他一定参加了会议 二 虚拟语气 1 在 if 条件句中 如果含有 were should 或 had 等助动词 if 可以省去 句子用倒装 精品文档 6欢迎下载 例如 Were I you I would buy this reference book 2 should 与 would 都可以用于 if 条件句的主句中 但 should 一般只用于第一人称 would 用于所有人称 例如 If you were here I would tell you the news 3 某些条件可以用介词短语 without but for 等来表示 例如 Without your help I could not have succeeded in passing the exam 4 有时句子通过 but 或 otherwise 等词来表示真实与虚拟的转换 在这种情况下 只有 不真实的部分用虚拟式 例如 I was ill yesterday otherwise I would have played football with you But for the heavy rain we would have gone to the concert 5 有 suggest 等词的相应的名词组成的同位语从句及表语从句用虚拟式 例如 I accepted my mother s suggestion that I should eat an apple every day 二二 历历届届高高考考试试题题分分析析 例 1 There be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school A mustn t B shan t C shouldn t D needn t 答案 C 解析 根据经验或惯例对某一情况进行推测 用 should 或 ought to 常译成 按 理应该 或 可能会 shouldn t 是其否定形式 例 2 Is John coming by train He should but he not He likes driving his car A must B can C need D may 答案为 D 解析 come go leave start 等趋向动词的进行时表示将来时 所以答语是对这 一将来动作做出的推断 may not 可能不 不一定 根据 he likes driving his car 可以看出 John 可能乘火车来 也可能自己开车来 may not 正好符合这一语境 must not 不准 cannot 不可能 need not 不必 例 3 It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I in love at the age of seven with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown A wouldn t have fallen B had not fallen C should fall D were to fall 答案为 B 解析 根据句意和 I would be doing 可以判断这是虚拟语气 at the age of seven 是表示过去的时间状语 if 从句中的谓语要用 had not fallen 表示对过去情况 的假设 由于主句中的谓语表示对现在的虚拟 条件句中的谓语表示对过去情况的虚拟 增加了试题的难题 但是 使用排除法可以容易地做出该题 should fall 和 were to fall 都可以用于条件句中表示对将来的虚拟 wouldn t have fallen 不用于条件句中 所以都不能作为答案 译文 如果我不在七岁时就迷恋上了我们家乡的 Melinda Cox 图 书馆 我真不能想象我今天会做什么 精品文档 7欢迎下载 例 4 You can t imagine that a well behaved gentleman be so rude to a lady A might B need C should D would 答案为 C 解析 should 用于表示感情 意向等句中的 that 从句 表示 竟然 居 然 的惊讶 出乎意料 译文 你难以想象一位行为体面的绅士会对一位女士那么 粗鲁 例 5 What would have happened as far as up to the river bank A Bob had walked farther B if Bob should walk farther C had Bob walked farther D if Bob walked farther 答案为 C 解析 因为主句的谓语动词用了 would have happened 所以从句的谓语动词要用过 去完成时 在虚拟语气中 如果条件状语从句中的 if 省略 该句要倒装 译文 如果鲍勃 走得远一点 走到岸边 会发生什么事呢 例 6 Mr Bush is on time for everything How it be that he was late for the opening ceremony A can B should C may D must 答案为 A 解析 can 表示可能性的推测 常用于疑问句或否定句中 may 表 可能性 常用于肯 定句或否定句中 must 常用于肯定句中表推测 一定 的意思 注意 can not 表示 不可能 而 may not 表示 或许不 可能不 两者语气上有区别 译文 布什 先生按时做好一切事 他来参加开幕式迟到了可能会是什么样的情景呢 例 7 My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon so he your lecture A couldn t have attended B needn t have attended C mustn t have attended D shouldn t have attended 答案为 A 解析 情态动词 不定式完成式 有各自的含义 must have done 表示对过去事 情的肯定推测 多用于肯定句中 needn t have done 表示过去本不必做的事情 shouldn t have done 表示过去做了不该做的事情 can t couldn t have done 表示 对过去的否定性推测 意为 不可能 所提供的情境 My sister met him at the Grand 表示他不可能参加讲座 例 8 He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball otherwise he a goal A had scored B scored C would score D would have scored 答案为 D 解析 根据 otherwise 可以判断出要用虚拟语气 表示过去发生的事要用 would have scored 译文 在踢球前他犹豫了一会儿 否则他就会射中球门 例 9 Oh I m not feeling well in the stomach I so much fried 精品文档 8欢迎下载 chicken just now A shouldn t eat B mustn t have eaten C shouldn t have eaten D mustn t eaten 答案为 C 解析 just now 是表示过去的时间状语 情态动词在表示过去发生的事时 必须用 情态动词 have 过去分词的形式 所以只能在选项 B 或 C 中确定答案 mustn t have eaten 是一个错误选项 因为 mustn t 动词 表示 禁止 不表示判断或推测 译文 噢 我觉得胃不舒服 我刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡 例 10 I was really anxious about you You home without a word A mustn t leave B shouldn t have left C couldn t have left D needn t leave 答案为 B 解析 should t have done 表示本来不应该做而做了 含责备意味 译文 我真 为你着急 你不应该不说一句话就离开了家 另外注意 mustn t 动词表示 禁止 第三节 巩固练习 Direction Direction Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A B C and D Choose the best answer that completes the sentence 1 Isn t that Ann s husband over there No it be him I m sure he doesn t wear glasses A can t B must not C won t D may not 2 You to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do A needn t to come B don t need come C don t need coming D needn t come 3 He you more help even though he was very busy A might have given B might give C may have given D may give 4 I help you with some shoes madam Yes I would like to try on those brown ones A Will B Should C May D Must 5 The reason why they leave wasn t explained to us A had B had to C must D might 6 I searched for my wallet and it wasn t there I thought I it at home A left B have left C might have left D could have left 7 I asleep because it took me a long time to realize that the telephone was ringing A could have fallen B should have fallen C must have fallen D mustn t have fallen 精品文档 9欢迎下载 8 The only thing that really matters to the children is how soon they return to their school A can B must C have to D ought to 9 I want to go to the chemist s but you go with me A need not B must not C need D can t 10 I thought it over but come to no conclusion A can B could C should D would 11 What we get seems better than what we have A can B could C can t D couldn t 12 My goodness I ve just missed the train That s too bad I am sure you it if you had hurried A could have caught B had caught C would catch D could catch 13 Look What you ve done You more careful A may be B had toC should have been D would be 14 I repeat the question A Shall B Will C Do you want that D Do 15 Professor Li many students want to see you they wait here or outside A Do B Will C Shall D Are 16 You read that book if you don t want to A haven t B can t C mustn t D needn t 17 Johnny you play with the knife you hurt yourself A won t can t B can t shouldn t C shouldn t must D mustn t may 18 It s nearly seven o clock Jack be here at any moment A must B need C can D should 19 There were already 5 people in the car but they managed to take me as well It a comfortable journey A can t be B shouldn t beC couldn t have been D mustn t have been 20 Tom ought not to me your secret but he meant no harm A have told B tellC be telling C having told 21 Everyone is here we start the meeting A Can B Must C Should D Shall 22 I parked my car right here but now it s gone It A must be stolen B may be stolen C must have stolen D must have been stolen 23 He the work yesterday but he didn t A must have finished B need have finished C finished D should have finished 24 He did not pass the examination As a good student he 精品文档 10欢迎下载 A mustn t have failed B may not have failed C needn t have failed D shouldn t have failed 25 it be true that Albert passed the test in geography A May B Should C Could D Would 26 You lead a horse to the water but you not make it drink A will can B may canC may dare D dare can 27 Must we finish the composition in class No you A needn t B mustn tC won t D shouldn t 28 Her eyes were red She A must cry B must be cried C must have been crying D may cry 29 Mary his letter otherwise she would have replied before now A has received B must receive C couldn t have received D shouldn t have received 30 I told Sally how to get here but perhaps I for her A had to write it out B must have written it out C should have written it out D ought to write it out 31 As usual he put on a show as though his trip a great success A had been B has been C were D was 32 Looking round the town he felt as though he away for ages A has been B was C is D had been 33 John is so strongly built that he looks as if he an elephant A lifts B is lifting C lifted D could lift 34 He described the town as if he it himself A had seen B has seen C saw D sees 35 At that thought he shook himself as though he from an evil dream A woke B wakes C would wake D had woke 36 Most insurance agents would rather you anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation A do B don t C didn t D didn t do 37 Although most adopted persons want the right to know who their natural parents are some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting A hadn t B didn t have had C hadn t had D hadn t have 38 He insisted that the sky clear up the following day A would B should C D be 39 Without electronic computers much of today s advanced technology A will not have been achieved B have not been achieved C would not have been achieved D had