酒水基础知识-SpiritsBasics

SPIRITS BASICS 烈酒基础 A REVIEW OF FERMENTATION AND DISTILLATION 对发酵和蒸馏的回顾 THE DIFFERENCES AND THE PRODUCTION 区别和生产 TECHNIQUES OF ALL THE MAJOR SPIRIT TYPES 所有主要烈酒类型的方法 SPIRITS BASICS Seminar Outline 烈酒基础知识 研究纲要 1 History历史 2 Fermentation f men tei n 发酵 3 Distillation disti lei n 蒸馏 4 American Whiskey美国威士忌 5 Canadian Whisky加拿大威士忌 6 Irish Whiskey爱尔兰威士忌 7 Scotch Whisky苏格兰威士忌 8 Vodka伏特加 9 Gin金酒 杜松子酒 10 Tequila t ki l 龙舌兰酒 11 Rum朗姆酒 12 Brandy白兰地酒 13 Cognac k nj k 其他方法是通过蒸馏调味剂或浸渍粮 食中性酒精中的调味料 It may also be labeled as the type such as Ketel One Citroen The term flavored vodka must appear on the bottle and it must be a minimum of 70 proof 它也可能被贴上如Ketel One Citroen的标签 瓶子上必须标有 调味伏特加 酒 的术语 而且至少应有70 Some vodka drinkers believe that gin was the first flavored vodka 一些喝伏特加酒的人认为杜松子酒是第一个调味伏特加酒 Gin金酒 杜松子酒 Originated in the Netherlands and made popular by the English 最先由荷兰生产 在英国大量生产后闻名于世 One of many beverages that were supposed to cure a variety of tropical diseases 最初制造这种酒是为了帮助在东印度地域活动的荷兰商人 海员和 移民预防热带疟疾病 Infused Juniper berries in neutral alcohol This made the taste of alcohol palatable without the expense and wait of oak barrels 在中性酒精中浸入杜松子 这使酒的味道可口且节省了橡木桶的花费和等待 的时间 High proof distillation that is cut with water and then redistilled with various flavoring agents 用水高度蒸馏 再用大量调味剂回流复蒸 Tequila龙舌兰酒 The Aztecs made a fermented beverage from the Agave called Pulque The Spanish found the flavor unpleasant so they distilled it and called it Mezcal 阿兹特克人从龙舌兰中发酵制成了一种称为Pulque的饮料 西班牙人觉得这 种饮料味道不好 所以他们蒸馏 称为Mezcal About 130 years ago the distillers around the town of Tequila began making a superior form of Mezcal 大约130年前 龙舌兰镇开始制作更高档的龙舌兰酒Mezcal They used the heart of the Blue Agave grown in the region of Jalisco It was cooked and then crushed to release the sweet juice used in the fermentation process In order to be called Tequila 51 of the fermentable juice must be from the Blue Agave 49 other juices containing fermentable sugars may be added Pure cane juice is often used 他们用生长在Jalisco的蓝龙舌兰的心 在发酵过程中 它被煮熟 压碎后释放 甜甜的果汁 为了被称为龙舌兰酒 发酵果汁的51 必须来自蓝龙舌兰 49 含有可发酵的糖分的其他果汁也可以使用 经常使用的是纯甘蔗汁 Only product made to these standards from the Blue Agave grown in Jalisco and selected areas in a few other states can be called Tequila The product from other areas must be called Mezcal 只有在某些特定地区 使用一种称为蓝色龙舌兰草 Blue Agave 的植物做 为原料所制造的此类产品 才有资格冠上Tequila之名 其它地区所制造的龙舌 兰酒则称为Mezcal Tequila Types龙舌兰酒 分类 White or Silver distilled and bottled 白或银 蒸馏的和瓶装的 Gold picks up color from oak or caramel 金 从橡木或焦糖中获取颜色 Reposado Means rested 2 12 months in wooden barrels 意味着已在木桶 中储存了2 12个月 A ejo Aged for a minimum of 1 year in oak barrels Blue Agave Hearts or Pi as 在橡木桶中熟化至少1年 蓝龙舌兰心或 Pi as Rum朗姆酒 In 1776 the per capita consumption in the 13 colonies was 4 gallons 1776年在13个殖民地的人均消费是4加仑 The sugar source for fermentation is derived from sugar cane juice or molasses 发酵糖源来源于甘蔗汁或糖浆 Must be distilled at less than 190 proof Can be made anywhere but 80 of the rum is produced in Puerto Rico 蒸馏必须少于190 可以在任何地方 但80 的朗姆酒产自波多黎各 Rum Types朗姆酒 类型 Light Dry and subtle If it is aged in wood for three years and caramel is added it is referred to as gold or amber 淡型 金朗姆又称琥珀朗姆 是指蒸馏后的酒需存入内侧灼焦的旧橡木桶中至 少陈酿三年 酒色较深 酒味略甜 香味较浓 Full bodied Aromatic and full bodied is attained when the skimmings from the previous distillation are added to the fermentation This creates a very flavorful aromatic spirit 浓型 在生产过程中 先让糖蜜放2 3天发酵 加入上次蒸馏留下残渣或甘蔗 渣 使其发酵 甚至要加入其他香料汁液 放在单式蒸馏器中 蒸馏出来后 注入内侧烤过的橡木桶陈化数年 Flavored Spices and or fruits are added Sugarcane Harvest 风味型 生产过程中 加水在糖蜜上使其发酵 然后仅取出浮在上面澄 清的 汁液蒸馏 陈化 出售前用淡朗姆或浓朗姆兑和至合适程度 Brandy白兰地 The distilled spirit of fermented grape juice or mash of fruit 发酵葡萄汁或水果浆的蒸馏酒 Made in every wine producing region in the world 在世界上所有葡萄酒生产地区都有生产 France Cognac Armagnac Calvados Marc and Brandy Italy Grappa and Brandy Greece Brandy Peru Pisco USA Brandy Applejack and Flavored Brandy Mexico Brandy the best selling in the world Others Germany Portugal and Spain Cognac Brandy produced in accordance to certain regulations from the region of Cognac France In the late 1600 s wine was distilled to stabilize it for transport and save taxes It also sanitized the water for sailors During the war with Spain in 1701 the product sat in barrels until the end of the war The spirit lost its fire and mellowed taking on a golden hue The production and appellations became highly regulated The predominant grape is St Emilion also called Ugni Blanc which would you prefer or something spontaneous Celebrating We have champagne by the glass or by the bottle which would you prefer These questions can result in orders a higher check and more tips for you Offering assistance with a selection often results in a sale Some customers just can t make up their minds Offering assistance with a selection often results in a sale A few brief questions Do you like a sweeter cocktail or do you prefer drier or What do you enjoy drinking at home can always help Of course it s important for the wait staff to be familiar with the bar offerings in order to make these kinds of suggestions Trade your customers up from well to call brands Never let a customer get away with ordering a well drink If a vodka and tonic is ordered make a suggestion Would you like that with Premium Brand Vodka or Super Premium Brand Vodka They are both very popular here The Bottom Line A little extra work with the cocktail order adds up Selling cocktails with well liquor at 4 00 per drink compared to selling call brands at 6 00 per drink several times a shift can add up to a difference of 1 200 per year even at 15 gratuity