外研版八年级下英语单元总结大全.docx

M1 Feelings and expressions1. It tastes good. / It looks lovely. / It smells too strong and it tastes a bit sour. 感官动词（look, smell, taste, sound, feel）+ adj.2. What a delicious smell! / How delicious the smell is!11 感叹句：What a beautiful girl (she is)! 形容词+名词 (主谓)省略 How beautiful the girl is ! 形容词 主谓捷径：去掉主谓后，如果还剩一个单词则选how，剩多个单词选what，至于加不加a/an，看名词是否可数。3. 表建议： Shall we /I do sth? (只能用于第一人称） Lets do sth. Why not do sth.?= Why dont we do sth.? Would you like to do sth. We should do sth. How about/ What about doing sth. ?4. .are you sure thats sugar? 你确定那是糖吗？ be sure to do sth. 确定做某事 Im sure to come here tomorrow. be sure of sth. / doing sth 确定某事、某物 Im sure of the time. be sure that + 从句 确定，相信 Im sure that I will come here tomorrow.5. Im afraid I dont like cheese. 恐怕我不喜欢奶酪。 be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 Im afraid to see snakes. be afraid of sth./ doing sth. 害怕某物、做某事 Im afraid of snakes. be afraid that + 从句 恐怕. Im afraid I cant help you.6. .it tastes a bit sour. 它尝起来有一点儿酸。a bit = a little (后跟形容词） This book is a little/ a bit interesting.a bit of = a little（后跟不可数名词） There is a little / a bit of water in the bottle.7.Well, my chocolate cookies are done now. Is the kite done now?8. thanks for sth./ doing sth. = thank you for sth./ doing sth. 因.而感谢你 Thanks for sending me the photos.= Thank you for sending me the photos. 9. cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待想做某事 I cant wait to open the gift. cant help doing sth 情不自禁想做某事 I cant help to think of my life in the countryside.10. It tastes sweet too./ I enjoy sports as well. as well, 用于肯定句，放在句末，前面不加逗号。 He is a student as well. too, 用于肯定句或疑问句，放在句末，有时前加逗号。 He is a student, too. also, 用于肯定句，放在助动词，情态动词，系动词之后，实义动词之前。 He is also a student./ He can also help you./ He also likes playing basketball. either, 用于否定句，且放在句末，前面通常加逗号。 He isnt a student, either. 11.My brother is in the school tennis team, Im very proud of him. be proud of = take pride in We are proud of her telling the truth.= We take pride in her for telling the truth.12. It was great to hear from you. hear from 收到的来信 hear of / about 听说 13. be excited about sth./ doing sth. 某人对做某事、某物感到兴奋、刺激 exciting （形容物） He is very excited about this exciting news.补充知识清单： 在上面on top 试试看have a try 对甜食的爱好 have a sweet to 金黄色的短发short fair hair 正确的方式 in the right way have a try 尝一尝；试试看 a lot of/pretty of 大量的 in the middle 在中部 whats the matter with you？= whats wrong with you？= whats the trouble with you？ worry about 担心 be worried of sb/sth 害怕某人或某物 for a few days 持续今天in a few days 在几天后 be like 人怎么样（问品格） look like = do（es）like长的怎么样 get good marks 取得好成绩 Module 2 Experiences1. What kind of competition？ 什么种类的比赛？ I am entering a speaking competition 参加演讲比赛。2. afford 支付得起，常与can, could连用. cant afford, couldnt afford 支付不起 This wallet is too expensive, I cant afford it. 这个钱包太贵，我买不起。 afford to do sth 支付得起 Can you afford to buy a house in Beijing? 你在北京买得起房子吗？3.I have stopped trying now. 我已经放弃停止尝试了。 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情 He stopped speaking and listened to the teacher. 他停止说话来听老师说。 stop to do sth 停下来去做其他事情 He has worked for 4 hours and stopped to have a rest.他已经工作了四小时，现在停下来去休息。4.write a short story about 写一个关于.的短故事 make it/them up 编造/虚构 I dont know how to write a short story about a cartoon hero, but I can make it up. 我不知道如何写关于卡通英雄的短故事，但我可以编造一个。5.So far 到目前为止,常与现在完成时连用。 We have learned english for 8 years so far. 到目前为止，我们学英语学习8年了。6. invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 I will invite you to come with me. 我将邀请你和我一起来。 7.A book called /named Jane Eyne一本叫做简爱的书 A girl called/named Lily 一个叫做Lily的女孩8.He is a fifteen-year-old American boy 他是一个15岁的美国男孩。（做定语） The American boy is fifteen years old. 这个美国男孩15岁。（做表语）9.One of+名词复数 +谓语动词单数 .之一 One of the students is my daughter. 这些学生之一是我的女儿。10.Germany 德国 German 德国的，德国人 France 法国 French 法国的，法国人 China 中国 Chinese 中国的，中国人11.have been to 去过某地已经回来了 have gone to 去了某地还没回来 I have been to Beijing twice. 我去过北京两次。 He have gone to Beijing and will be back in two days. 他去了北京，将于2天后回来。12.Sb find it + adj +（for sb）to do sth 某人发现做某事怎么样 They find it hard to spell and pronounce the words. 他们发现拼写和拼读单词很难。 补充知识清单 at the moment 在此刻 travel on a boat 坐船旅游 in many ways 在不同的方面 count down 倒数 win a prize/ win some prizes 获奖 go on a holiday 去度假 all over the world= around the world 全世界 be different from 与.不同 think about 考虑 think of 想到 sound wonderful 听起来很美好 like doing sth/ love doing sth 喜爱做某事 enjoy doing sth 喜爱做某事 ask sb （not） to do sth 要求某人（不）做某事 need to do sth 需要做某事 help sb（not）（to）do sth 帮助某人（不）做某事 send sb to do sth 送某人去做某事M3 Journey to space1. What are you up to? 你在忙什么？ Be up to 忙于做某事，口语用法。2. I havent started yet because Im not sure how to make it.我还没开始因为我不确定如何做。It has already arrived . 它已经到达了。already 已经，用于现在完成时肯定句的句中。 yet 还没，尚未。用于现在完成时疑问句或否定句的句末。疑问词（what/ when/ where/which/why/ how）+不定式 to do3. Thats why its on the news. 这就是为什么它在新闻上播出。 thats why+结果 那是为什么 thats because+原因 那是因为 On the news 在新闻上4. discover 发现已经存在但未知的事物 5. No one has been to Mars yet. 没人去过火星。None of them has an environment like that of the earth. 没有一个有像地球一样的环境。no one 没有一个人， 后加谓语动词单数。No one likes me.none 没有，常与of连用，后加谓语动词单数或复数。None of them like me.6. Lots of scientists are working hard in order to send astronauts to Mars one day.in order to do sth 为了做某事 in order not to do sth 为了不做某事We study hard in order to get good marks. We study hard in order not to get bad marks.7. How can I get information on space travel?get information on 获得关于的信息 8. hundreds of millions of hundred（百）、thousand（千）、million（百万）、billion（十亿），当它们前有数字，后面不加s，当前面没有数字，后面则加s和of.two hundred/thousand/million/billion hundreds / thousands/millions/ billions of9. reach arrive at/in get to 到达当后面遇到here/there/home时，介词去掉。We have reached/arrived/get here for one year.10. How large is the universe? 多大 How long 问时间 how much 问价格 how far 问多远 How often 问频率，回答用once/twice/three times. How many 问数量，回答用数字。How many students? 36.11. It is impossible to imagine. It is/was + adj+ for sb+ to do sth 做事情怎么样。常见形容词：impossible（不可能） difficult/hard（困难的） necessary（必要的） important（重要的） awful（极其讨厌的）humourous（幽默的）12. No spaceship has traveled far enough to reach other stars in our Galaxy.没有宇宙飞船已经飞得足够远去到达我们银河系的其他恒星上。adj+enough+to do sth 足够去做某事I am old enough to travel by myself.13. Why has no one communicated with us? 为什么没人和我们交流？communicate with sb 与某人交流补充知识清单make sth for sb 为某人制作某物 no problem 没问题 the latest news最新消息several months 几个月 in the space在太空中 on the earth在地球上 far away 遥远 go online上网 search for information 寻找消息any other planets 其他任何行星 go around 围绕.转 a small part of 一小部分the Milky Way 银河系 take photos照相M4 Seeing the doctor1. have(have got) a stomach ache/toothache/fever/cold/cough 2. catch a cold 感冒 take some medicine 吃药3. take sbs temperature 量某人的体温 sbs=my/ his/ her/ your/ its/ their/ our4. You spend too much time in front of the computer.你花太多的时间在电脑前面。 花费： Sb spend time/ money (in) doing sth sb spend time/ money on sth Sb pay money for sth. Sth cost sb money It takes/took sb time to do sth.5. It can be very harmful to your health. 它可能对你的健康有害。 can be 可能是 cant be 不可能是be harmful to/ be bad for 对. 有害 be good for 对. 有益6. Get some exercise, such as running. 做一些锻炼，比如说跑步。 such as 例如，后加名词或者动词ing 形式。I have many hobbies, such as playing piano. for example 例如，后加句子。 He is a good man, for example, he often helps me.7. Now I get exercise by taking him for a walk every day. 现在我每天通过遛狗来锻炼。 by doing sth 通过.做某事 I get good marks by studying hard. take sb for a walk 带某人去散步8. I have had him for three months now and I feel really healthy. 我买了它三个月了，现在我感觉真的很健康。 与for/since连用时，have bought要变成have had; have borrowed 要变成 have kept. have left要变成have been away等；feel healthy 觉得健康。 in good health身体好9. Our teacher decided to start a girls football team.我们老师决定开始组建女子足球队。 decide to do sth 决定做某事 I decide to leave here.10. She also takes part in the training with us. 她也参与了对我们的训练。 take part in 参加活动，后加discussion/ meeting等； join in 参与活动，后加games/ match等； join 加入组织，后加sb/ club/ party等。11. A friend suggested, “Why dont we go for a run before school?”一个朋友建议到：“为什么我们不上学前跑跑步呢？” suggest 建议 suggest doing sth 建议做某事 He suggests playing volleyball. advise sb to do sth: He advises us to play volleyball.名词：advice(不可数）/ suggestion（可数） a piece of advice/ a suggestion/ two suggestions 12. I am too weak to do any exercise. too+adj+to do sth 太.而不能 He is too late to catch the train. so. that. 如此.以至于 He is so late that he cant catch the train. Adj+enough +to do sth He is not early enough to catch the train.补充知识清单 do some exercise 做运动 three times a day 一天三次 feel well感觉舒服（指身体时能用well）check my heart 检查心脏 take sb for a walk 去散步 feel fit 感觉健康 feel sleepy 感觉困in excellent condition身体状况好 go to work 去工作 on the underground 坐地铁since then自从那时（用现在完成时） part of 一部分 daily exercise 日常锻炼 ride to work=go to work by bike 骑车去工作 A smile on my face 脸上的笑容a long illness 久病 go for a run/walk 去跑步/散步 start doing 开始做某事feel awful感觉不舒服 all over 浑身到处M5 Cartoons1. Its time to do sth. 是时候做.了 Its time to watch a cartoon. 是时候看卡通片了。2. 表建议句型： let sb do sth. 让某人做某事 Lets watch Superman! Why dont we do sth？为什么我们不做某事=Why not do sth 为什么不做某事？ Why dont we watch Spiderman? = Why not watch Spiderman?3. Keep doing sth 保持继续做某事 He keeps fighting bad people. 他一直与坏人斗争。4. He climbs up buildings with his hands and feet.他用他的手脚来爬上建筑物。 climb up buildings 爬上建筑物 with利用，使用 I come to the classroom with a book in my hand. 我走近教室，手上有一本书。 With 有，介词5. I dont think we agree. 我不认为我们同意。 当I/We 遇到think/ believe/suppose等词时，否定前移。6. I cant help laughing when I watch them. 当我看他们时忍不住发笑。 cant help doing sth 忍不住做某事 cant wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事7. They protect each other and work together. 他们互相保护并在一起工作。 protect . from. 保护.免受. The sunglasses protects us from the sunshine. 眼镜保护我们免受阳光的照射。8. They look very different, but both of them have won the heart of young people all over the world. 他们看起来不同，但是他们两个都赢得了全世界的心。 look different 看起来不同 win the heart of sb 赢得某人的心 all over the world 全世界9. He has been popular for over eighty years,ever since the artist invented hin in 1929. 自从艺术家1929年创造了它，它已经流行超过80年了。 ever since 自从（常与现在完成时连用） I have kept running ever since my weight was over 55 kilograms.自从我体重超过55公斤后我坚持跑步了。 invent 发明（世界不存在的东西） Edison invented the light. 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。 discover 发现（世界上存在但没人知道的东西） Emperor Shennong discovered tea. 神农帝发现了茶叶。10. They always expect to see more Monkey King cartoons. 他们总是期待看美猴王的卡通。 expect to do sth 期待做某事 I always expect to have one day off. 我总是想要放假。 expect sb to do sth 期待某人做某事11. Snoopy celebrated his sixtieth birthday. Snoopy庆祝了他60岁生日。 Sixtieth 第60 twentieth 第20 ninth 第9 twelfth 第12 first 第1 second 第2 third 第312. He drew cartoons to satisfy older people as well as children. 他画卡通去满足老人和孩子。 as well as 就远原则，谓语动词与离as well as远的人称决定。The teacher as well as the students is happy to meet you. 老师和学生见到你很高兴。I as well as my brother am a student. 我和我弟弟都是学生。补充知识清单fly through the sky 飞过天空 want to do sth 想要做某事 a real hero 一个真英雄each other 互相 there is a lesson 这是一个教训 orange-and-white 橙白相间make a terrible mess 弄得一团糟 lead.against 带领。反对。 200 million copies 2亿复印本 his own private world 他自己的个人世界M6 Hobbies1. Which hobby do you think takes up the most space? 你认为哪个爱好占据最大空间？ take up 占据空间 2. tidy it/ them up 清理/整理 代词it/them 放在中间， 类似结构还有 make it/ them up3. Its a bit of a mess.a bit of/ a little+ 不可数名词 有点儿 a bit of/ a little water/ milka bit / a little + adj 有一点儿 a bit/ a little happy/ angry4. People often give me fans as present. 人们经常给我扇子作为礼物。 give sb sth as .给某人.作为. 5. They must be really valuable. 它们一定很有价值。 must be 一定是 can/must/ may/后面加动词原形。6. Ill show you my stamps. 我会给你展示我的邮票。 show/give sb（间宾） sth（直宾）= show/give sth to sb 给某人展示某物 make sb sth= make sth for sb 为某人制作某物7. My hobby doesnt cost as much as yours. 我的爱好没有你的花费得多。 as + adj/ adv 原形+ as 和.一样 as much as 和.一样多8. People also collect things just to remember something important in their lives.人们也收集东西仅仅为了记住他们生命中一些重要的事情。Something/ anything/ nothing+ adj (impossible/ important) 不定代词+形容词9. Many students have hobbies, such as reading, painting, growing vegetables and looking after animals. 许多学生有爱好，比如说阅读、画画、种蔬菜和照顾动物。such as doing sth例如做某事 look after 照顾 look up 查找字典 look for 寻找 look over 检查10. Hobbies can make you grow as a person, develop your interests and help you learn new skills. 爱好能让你成为一个人，发展你的兴趣，帮助你学习新技能。 make sb do sth 使某人做某事 My mom make me do my homework.develop 发展 developing 发展中 developed country 发达国家11. One of his hobbies is writing. 他的爱好之一是写作 One of + 名词复数+ 谓语单数 。之一12. She encouraged us to write about our experiences at the camp. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 Teacher encourages us to study hard.13. He is also interested in many other things. 他也对许多其他事情感兴趣。 be interested in doing 对. 感兴趣14. His hobby has brought him pleasure and success 爱好带给他喜悦和成功。 success 名词 成功 successful 成功的 形容词补充知识清单on the shelf 在架子上 most of them 他们大多数人 at a summer camp 在夏令营 as well as 和.一起 ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事 come out 出版as a result 结果是 a successful young writer 一个成功的年轻作家enjoy doing sth 喜爱做某事 M7 Summer in Los Angeles1. Lingling is preparing for her trip to LA. prepare for sth 准备做某事 I prepare for my final exam.2. I am leaving at the end of July.at the end of +时间/ 地点 在.的末尾 by the end of +时间 到.为止in the end 在最后3. Is 200 dollars enough? 钱、距离、长度等通常作为整体出现，谓语动词用单数。4. You mustnt weigh too much. Youd better ask the travel company about the total weight for all you bags. 你不能超重。你最好问旅游公司你所有包裹的总重量。 Youd better do sth = You had better do sth 最好做某事 Weigh 动词 称重 weight 名词，重量 total weight 总重量5. Dont forget to take your passport. 不要忘记带你的护照。 forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事 remember to do sth 记得去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事6. It depends on your personal choice. 它取决于你的个人选择。depend on sth 取决于某事 It depends on your time.personal choice 个人选择7. We provide books, and we set tests every week to check your progress. 我们提供书本，我们也每周设置考试去检查你的进步。 provide sb with sth= provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物 set tests 设置考试 make great progress 取得巨大进步8. Many families form close friendships with the students and stay in touch with them. 许多家庭和这些学生形成了亲密的友谊，并且和他们保持联系。 form close friendships 形成亲密友谊 stay in touch with sb 和.保持联系9. We plan activities every day after class. plan to do sth 计划去做某事 We plan to have a picnic on Sunday.10. You are certain to get the best possible experience of English learning and life in the US.你确定可以在美国获得最好的学习和生活经历。be certain to do sth=be sure to do sth 确定做某事 We are certain to win the game.补充知识清单make a list of sth 列清单 get things ready 准备好东西 sound crazy 听起来很疯狂what to take 去带什么 pay for支付 by the way 顺便说一下have a great/wonderful/good time 玩的开心 write to sb 写信给某人offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 提供某人某物 learn about 学会at the same time 同时 last for 持续 well trained 很好地被训练have a lot of experience. 有很多经验 as well as 和.一起 want sb to do sth 想要做某事take part in 参加 do some activities 做一些活动 at least 至少 fill out the form 填表Module 8 Time off1. so.that 如此.以至于 hear sb doing sth 听见某人正在做某事 hear sb do sth 听见某人做某事 Its so quite here that I can even hear the birds singing. 这里如此安静以至于我甚至能听见鸟叫。2. hardly 几乎不 hard adj.难的 adv.困难地；努力地 I can hardly believe were in the city centre. 我几乎不能相信我们在市中心。 He works so hard that he can hardly hear my words. 他工作如此努力以至于他几乎听不到我的话。3. I am sure it will be fantastic to see the city from the top. 我确定从山顶看城市会很棒。 Be sure that 确定 It is + adj+to do sth 做.事很.4. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 I dont think they allow people to swim in the lake. 我不认为他们允许人们在湖里游泳。5. promise to do sth 许诺做某事 I promise to write. 我承诺写信。6. wake sb. up 叫醒某人（ wake - woke- woken） It woke everybody up. 它叫醒了每个人。7. We thought somebody was moving about. 我们认为有人在走动。 somebody 某些人 everybody 每个人 anybody 任何人 somewhere 某些地方 everywhere 每一处 anywhere 任何地方 something 某些事 everything 每件事 anything 任何事情 不定代词后面加adj： somewhere interesting8. come out 出来 without doing sth 没有做某事 make noise 制造噪音 We came out without making any noise. 我们没有制造任何噪音就出来了。9. hope to do sth 希望做某事 hope that 希望。 From the top we hope to see the lakes and forests. 从顶部我们希望看到湖和森林。 I hope it will be cooler up there.我希望上面会变得更凉快。10. It was a pity that it was cloudy. 很遗憾是阴天。 What a pity! 多遗憾！11. the second-largest freshwater lake. 第二大淡水湖 序数词+最高级 12. Wish you were here. 希望你在这里。 Wish+过去时，虚拟语气（与现在事实相反）I wish I didnt come here. 我希望我没来过这里。 Wish to do sth 想要做某事 I wish to be an astronaut. 我想成为一个宇航员。补充知识清单： be famous for 因为.而出名 take up 占据 point out 指出 look nice and cool 看起来很美好和酷 go for a swim 去游泳 why dont we do sth 为什么我们不做.? have a picnic 野炊 at the top of 在.的顶端 come on 快点 lets not do sth 让我们不做某事 stay with 和.待在一起 look like 看起来像have a good/wonderful time 玩得开心 by a small lake 在小湖边 move about 四处移动 look for 寻找 pull a leaf off 拔出一片叶子 protect 保护M9 Friendshi