被动语态专项(最终版).ppt

被动语态 一 语态语态是动词的一种形式 表示句子主语与谓语的关系 当谓语动词表示一个动作时 它和主语有两种关系 主动语态和被动语态 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时 谓语的形式是主动语态 当句子的主语是动作的承受者时 谓语要用被动语态 e g 1 ManypeoplespeakEnglish 主动语态 句子的主语manypeople是动作speak的执行者 2 Englishisspokenbymanypeople 被动语态 句子的主语English是动作speak的承受者 被动语态由 be done 构成 与主动语态一样 被动语态也有时态 人称和数的变化 二 被动语态的构成 S 主语 am is are done 三 一般现在时的被动语态的构成 Hisbrotherwashesbowlseveryday 主 谓 宾 承受者 Bowls arewashed by hisbrother everyday 四 主动语态变被动语态 eg Theymakeshoesinthatfactory 主语 谓 宾语 Shoesaremadebytheminthatfactory 一般现在时 S 主语 am is are 过去分词 1 Weusecomputerstosearchinformation 2 Theteacheroftenrepeatsthestory Computersareusedtosearchinformationbyus Thestoryisoftenrepeatedbytheteacher 3 Billlooksafterhiscatscarefully 4 Wedon toftenspeakEnglishathome ThecatsarelookedaftercarefullybyBill Englishisn toftenspokenbyusathome TheyplayfootballonSunday Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening Theyoftenusecomputersinclass WemakethesemachinesinBeijing FootballisplayedbythemonSunday ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing Exercise 1 Whydoestheearthlookblueinspace Becausemostoftheearth ssurface bywater A coversB iscoveredC coverD arecovered2 AsChinagrowsstrongerandstronger Chinese inmoreandmoreschoolsoutofourcountry A teachesB taughtC istaughtD wastaught 3 Don tsmokehere Dad Smoking inpublicplaces isn tallowedB aren tallowedC doesn tallow4 Everyday toomuchwaterinourschool Weshouldsaveit iswastedB wastesC waswastedD wasted5 HaveyouheardofthesongLittleApple Yes It everymorningwhenagedpeopledosquaredancingdownstairs A isplayedB playsC wasplayedD played 一般现在时的被动语态的句式变化 被动语态的肯定句 否定句 Englishisn tspokenbyus 主动语态的肯定句 WespeakEnglish 一般疑问句 IsEnglishspokenbyus 肯定回答 Yes itis 否定回答 No itisn t Englishisspokenbyus 1 Jimusesthiscomputereveryday 2 Lucy smotheroftenwaterstheseflowers ThiscomputerisusedbyJimeveryday TheseflowersareoftenwateredbyLucy smother 变为否定和一般疑问句 Thiscomputerisn tusedbyJimeveryday IsthiscomputerusedbyJimeveryday 变为否定和一般疑问句 Theseflowersaren toftenwateredbyLucy smother AretheseflowersoftenwateredbyLucy smother Helookedafterthelittlebabyyesterday 主 谓 宾 承受者 Thelittlebaby waslookedafter by him yesterday 六 一般过去时的被动语态 构成 S was were 过去分词 2 Theyboughttencomputerslastterm Tencomputerswereboughtbythemlastterm Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow Theyusedthisroomforresting Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow 主 谓 宾 Theroom willbecleaned by Tom tomorrow 七 一般将来时的被动语态 构成 S will be 过去分词 eg Theywillfinishtheworkintendays Theworkwillbefinishedbythemintendays Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon 八 现在进行时的被动语态 构成 S am is are being 过去分词Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow eg Lucyiswateringthetrees ThetreesisbeingwateredbyLucy 九 现在完成时的被动语态 构成 S have has been 过去分词 Wehavemadetwentymorekeys Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus eg Wehavefinishedourcompositions Ourcompositionshavebeenfinishedbyus AmycantakegoodcareofGina GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy 构成 S can may must should be 过去分词 十 情态动词的被动语态 1 Hecantakecareofthebaby 2 Lucymaydrawthepictures 3 Youmustturnoffthelights 4 TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem Exercises 1 ManypeoplespeakEnglish 2 Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings 3 Wecanusetheboxasatable 4 Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday 5 Shewillrepairthebiketomorrow Englishisspokenbymanypeople Knifveswereusedbypeopleforcuttingthings Theboxcanbeusedbyusasatable Theclassroomshouldbecleaneddbyuseveryday Thebikewillberepairedbyhertomorrow 各种时态的被动语态构成 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 情态动词 S am is are done S can may must should be done S will be done S am is are being done S have has been done S was were done 各种时态的被动语态构成 S was were being done 被动语态的几种类型 1 使役动词的被动语态 makesbdoletsb dohavesb do bemadetodobelettodobehadtodo Eg Imadehimstayoutside Hewasmadetostayoutsidebyme seesb dohearsb dowatchsb do beseentodobeheardtodobewatchedtodo eg Isawhergoout Shewasseentogooutbyme 注意 seesb doinghearsb doingwatchsb doing beseendoingbehearddoingbewatcheddoing Eg IhearherreadingEnglish SheisheardreadingEnglish 2 感官动词的被动语态 即feel hear listen look watch see notice have make let这些词在主动句中 其后的动词不定式不加to 但变被动句时必须加to 1 IsawhimplaybasketballlastSunday He wasseen toplaybasketballlastSundaybyme 2 Weheardthemsingintheclassroom They wereheard tosingintheclassroombyus Trythefollowing 1 Theymadeusdoallthework 2 Ioftenseehimwalktoschool 3 Didyouseethemgetoffthebus 4 WasLilyheardtosingupstairslastnight you 5 Thegirlwasseen withhermotherat8 00yesterday A quarrelB quarrelingC toquarrelD quarreled Weretheyseentogetoffthebusbyyou DidyouhearLilysingupstairslastnight B Weweremadetodoalltheworkbythem Heisoftenseentowalktoschoolbyme helpsb to do behelpedtodo Hehelpedtheoldman to cleantheroom Theoldmanwashelpedtocleantheroom 3 helpsb to do 4 带双宾语句子的被动语态 指物的宾语叫直接宾语 指人的宾语叫间接宾语 常见的接双宾语的动词有 to pass give tell lend teach show bring handfor make buy draw sing get 以 人 当主语时 变法和一般的变法一样 以 物 当主语时 在保留的间接宾语前必须加to或for 如 1 Hegavemeabook Iwasgivenabookbyhim AbookwasgiventomebyTom givemeabook 间 直 giveabooktome 直 间 2 Iboughthimabook Hewasboughtabookbyme Abookwasbuoghtforhimbyme buyhimabook buyabookforme 间 直 直 间 如 1 Heshowedmeabookyesterday Iwasshownabookbyhimyesterday 以I做主语 Abookwasshowntomebyhimyesterday 以物abook作主语 2 HeteachesusEnglish WearetaughtEnglishbyhim 以人当主语 Englishistaughttousbyhim 以物作主语 Trythefollowing 1 TheteachergaveJimsomebooks 2 Hisparentsboughthimanewbike Jimwasgivensomebooksbytheteacher SomebooksweregiventoJimbytheteacher Hewasboughtanewbikebyhisparents Anewbikewasboughtforhimbyhisparents WeknowthattheWestLakeisverybeautiful ItisknownthattheWestLakeisverybeautiful TheysaythatFatherChristmasisbasedonarealperson ItissaidthatFatherChristmasisbasedonarealperson 5 当主动语态的宾语是句子时 即是宾语从句 变为被动语态时通常用it作形式主语 而把真正的主语放在后面 agirlcalledCuihua一个叫翠花的女孩abookboughtyesterday一本昨天买的书 get make havesthdone使某物被 makemeunderstood使我被理解 使人理解我havemyhaircut使我头发被剪 请人给我剪头 6 过去分词做后置定语 表示被动 7 过去分词做宾补 表示被动 1 主语是物 谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词 常见的这类动词有write wash sell run well等 例如 Themachinerunswell Thispenwriteswell Thebooksellswell 主动形式表示被动意义 2 系表结构look feel smell taste sound prove appear seem等 例如 Doyoulikethematerial Yes it verysoft A isfeelingB feltC feelsD isfelt C Yourideasoundsreasonable 3 sth need requiredoing sth need requiretobedone You vecomejustintimetohelpus Fine whatrequiresdoing Fine whatrequirestobedone Thissentenceneeds A animprovementB improveC improvingD improved C 4 comeout runout cometrue 1 有的be done形式是系表结构Thecupisbroken Thestoreisusuallyclosedat6 00a m 注意 eg Thedoctorlookedafterthepatientcarefully 2 动词短语变被动语态时 后面的介词不能省 Thepatientwaslookedaftercarefullybythedoctor 1 therebe句式没有被动语态 2 不及物动词没有被动语态 happen cometrue come go 3 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时 Weoftenhelpeachother Hetaughthimself 不能用于被动语态的几种情况 4 当谓语是表状态的及物动词时 如have like takeplace belongto Iliketheseflowers 我喜欢这些花 Iwillhaveameeting 不说Ameetingwillbehad 应说Ameetingwillbeheld 5 系表结构的句子没有被动 look sound feel taste smell eg Helookssad Itfeelssoft Ittastedelicious 八 初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有 1 becoveredwith被 覆盖2 bemadeof由 制作 发生物理变化 bemadefrom由 制作 发生化学变化 bemadein由 某地 制造bemadeby被 某人 制造3 beusedfor被用来 beusedas被当作 作为 来使用beusedtodosth 被用来做某事4 Itissaid reported believedthat 据说 据报道 人们相信 Itishopedthat 希望 Itiswell knownthat 众所周知 把下列句子变成被动语态 Acarknockedhimdownyesterday 2 Twodoctorsandtennursesmakeupthemedicalteam 3 WhenIgotthere theywerecuttingupafallentree Afallentreewasbeingcutup whenIgotthere Hewasknockeddownbyacaryesterday Themedicalteamismadeupofbytwo Practice 把下列句子变成被动语态 Acarknockedhimdownyesterday 2 Twodoctorsandtennursesmakeupthemedicalteam 3 WhenIgotthere theywerecuttingupafallentree Afallentreewasbeingcutup whenIgotthere Hewasknockeddownbyacaryesterday Themedicalteamismadeupofbytwo Practice 4 We llputontheplaynextSunday 5 Workersarebuildinganewteachingbuildinginourschool 6 Theyhadcompletedtherailwaybytheendoflastyear TheplaywillbeputonnextSunday Anewteachingbuildingisbeingbuiltbyworkersinourschool Therailwayhadbeencompletedbytheendoflastyear 填空 完成被动语态填空 1 Theyoftencleantheirclassroomafterschool 改为被动语态 Theirclassroom often bythemafterschool 2 LiLeigaveTomanewpenlastweek 同上 Anewpen Tomlastweek is cleaned wasgivenby Practice 3 AlotofpeopleinChinacanspeakEnglishnow 同上 English byalotofpeopleinChinanow 4 IhavelearnedEnglishforabouttwoyears 同上 English forabouttwoyears 5 Theywillpublishthesestory booksnextmonth 同上 Thesestory books nextmonth canbespoken hasbeenlearned willbepublished 中考挑战 1 Anotherman madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek 济南市中考题 anotherman madesatelliteintospacelastweek 变主动语态2 Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear Trees bypeopletherelastyear 青岛市中考题 3 Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm Thevegetables onthefarm 上海市中考题 Theysentup wereplanted aregrown 中考题 1 Insomecountries tea withmilkandsugar A isservingB isservedC servesD served2 Greatchanges inmyhometownsince1980 A havebeentakenplaceB tookplaceC havetakenplaceD weretakenplace 3 Thenewtypeofcarisgoingto inthreeyears A turnoutB beturnedoutC hasturnedoutD havebeenturnedout4 Thewomanmurderedherfriendand to A wassentenced deathB sentencing dieC sentenced deathD sentenced die 被动语态专项练习 选择填空 5 Doyouliketheskirt It soft A isfeelingB feltC feelsD isfelt6 Areyoustillhere Youwerehereanhourago Who for A areyouwaitingB didyouwaitC wereyouwaitingD doyouwait 7 toknowProfessorZhang A HesaidB IsaidC HeissaidD Itsays8 Iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow Sorry already A ittookB ittakesC itistakingD ithasbeentaken 9 Theletter threedaysagoandit yesterday A hadpost hadarrivedB wasposted arrivedC posted arrivedD hadbeenposted wasarrived10 Hetoldmethatthefinalexamination nextThursday A isgivenB willbegivenC wouldhavegivenD wouldbegiven 11 Water intoice A willchangedB mustbechangedC shouldchangeD canbechanged12 Plays twiceamonthinthattheatre A putonB areputonC wasputonD oftenputon 13 Thebirds flyawaylastSaturday A lettoB islettoC wasletD wereletto14 Astrangesound yesterdayevening A washeardB hearsC heardD isheard15 Abeautifulbike himbyhisclassmates A senttoB willsenttoC wassenttoD willbesentfor 16 MissChen just tospeakatthemeeting A has beenaskedB hasbeen askedC Havebeen askedD hav