上海牛津英语初中八种时态详解(附试卷)

初中英语八种时态归纳复习初中英语八种时态归纳复习 一 一 一般现在时一般现在时 一 定义 表示经常性或习惯性的动作 或存在的状态 还表示主语具备的性格 和能力及客观真理 例 I get up at 6 30 in the morning She is at home 二 构成 主要用动词原形表示 当主语是第三人称单数时 在动词词尾加 s es 三 句型 1 肯定句 主语 谓语 其他 She reads English everyday 2 否定句 主语 don t doesn t 谓语 其他 He doesn t get up at 6 30 in the morning 3 一般疑问句 Do Does 主语 V 原 其他 Do you like English Yes I do No I don t 4 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 do does 主语 V 原 其他 What time do you get up every morning Where does your father work 三 用法 1 表示经常性或习惯性的动作 或存在的状态 带与表示频率的时间状语如 often sometimes usually always everyday year month once twice a week month year etc seldom on sundays 等连用 I leave home for school at seven every morning 2 表示客观真理 科学事实 格言警句 The sun rises in the east 日出东方 The earth goes around the sun 地球绕着太阳转 3 当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时 那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表 示将来要发生的动作 I ll tell him the news when he comes back 他回来时 我将告诉他这个消息 4 仅为了描述状态 性质 特征 能力等等 这里的目的是为了 描述现阶段的动作或状态 其重 点 不是强调动作发生的时间 或进行的状态 例如 He can speak five foreign languages 他能说五种外语 That is a beautiful city 那是座美丽的城市 Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world 长江是世界上最长的河流之一 四 动词第三人称单数形式变化规则 1 一般情况下 动词后直接加 s 如 help helps clean cleans give gives 等 2 以 s x ch sh 或 o 结尾的动词 在词尾加 es 如 dress dresses fix fixes watch watches finish finishes 等 3 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词 把 y 变为 i 再加 es 如 study studies fly flies carry carries 等 4 动词 have 遇在主语是第三人称单数时 have 改为 has 如 He has an interesting book 5 动词 be 遇有主语是第一人称单数时 be 改为 am 遇有主语是第二人称时 be 改为 are 遇有主语是 第三人称单数时 be 改为 is 一般现在时练习题 1 用动词的适当形式填空 1 I like swim 2 He read English every day 3 We go to school at seven in the morning 4 Mike go to school at seven in the morning 5 My mother like go shopping 6 I can draw many beautiful pictures 7 She make a model plane 8 Do you like run 9 Does he like jump 10 Does Nancy grow flowers on Saturday 2 用所给的人称改写句子 1 I take photos on Sunday Mike 2 We grow beautiful flowers she 3 They like collecting stamps Ben 4 I listen to music carefully my aunt 5 You like making a model ship Helen 二二 一般过去时一般过去时 一 结构 一般过去时用动词的过去式表示 基本结构否定句一般疑问句 Be 动词 was were notwas 或 were 提前 放于句首 行为动词didn t do 动词原形 Did 主语 do 动词原形 注 在一般过去时的句子中 谓语动词可分为两类一类是 be 动词 其形式为 was 与第一 三人称单数 连用 were 与第二人称和复数人称的主语连用 凡是由 be 动词做谓语的句子 变否定句时 直接在其后加 not 即 wasn t 或 weren t 变一般疑问句将 was were 放在句首 句末用问号 另一类谓语动词是由行为动词来充 当 如 stayed went visited 等 这一类动词做谓语时 可与任何人称连用 句子变否定时 要在主语后面 动词的 前面加 didn t 动词用原形 一般疑问句是把 did 提到句首 动词用原形 I was in Shanghai last year I wasn t in Shanghai last year Was you in Shanghai last year He went to the park yesterday He didn t go to the park yesterday Did he go to the park yesterday 二 句式 1 肯定句 主语 动词过去式 其他 I was in Beijing yesterday I went to the beach yesterday 2 否定句 主语 wasn t 或 weren t 其他 主语 didn t V 原 其他 I wasn t in Beijing yesterday I didn t go to the beach yesterday 3 一般疑问句 was were 主语 V 原 其他 Did 主语 V 原 其他 Were you in Beijing yesterday Did you go to the beach yesterday 4 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 was were 主语 其他 特殊疑问词 did 主语 V 原 其他 Where were you yesterday Where did yougo yesterday 三 用法 1 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况 常与明确的时间状语连用 如 yesterday last week month year ago the other day just now at the age of in 1980 等连用 如 At the age of ten she began to learn to play the piano 2 表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作 常与表示频度的时间状语连用 When I was a child I often play the football in the street 3 在时间 条件状语从句中 常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时 He said he wouldn t go if it rained 四 动词过去式的规则变化 1 一般情况下 在动词原形末尾加 ed 如 look looked 2 结尾是字母 e 的动词加 d 如 practice practiced 3 结尾是 辅音字母 y 的动词 变 y 为 i 再加 ed 如 study studied 4 重读闭音节结尾 双写动词尾的辅音字母 再加 ed 如 stop stopped 不规则动词表 Infinitive Past tense Infinitive Past tense catch caught come came do did draw drew drink drank drive drove eat ate fall fell am is was are were begin begun break broke bring brought build built buy bought can could 动词过去式的记忆口诀 动词一般过去时 表示过去发生事 be 用 was 或用 were have has 变 had 谓语动词过去式 过去时间坐标志 一般动词加 ed 若是特殊得硬记 否定句很简单 主语之后 didn t 添 疑问句也不难 did 放在主语前 如果谓语之前有 did 谓语动词需还原 动词若是 was were 否定就把 not 添 一般过去时练习题 一 写出下列动词的过去式 1 look 2 live 3 stop 4 carry 5 hope 6 trip 7 call 8 finish 9 want 10 are 11 go 12 have 13 do 14 get e 16 say 二 Fill in the blanks 1 she sing a song last night 2 Were there any people in the room 作否定回答 nobody 3 be they at work this morning Yes They have a meeting together 4 Joe do well in the long distance running Yes he 5 Where Tina s Family go last Summer They go to New York for their vacation 三 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1 I watch a cartoon on Saturday 2 Her father read a newspaper last night 3 We to zoo yesterday we to the park go 4 you visit your relatives last Spring Festival 5 he fly a kite on Sunday Yes he 6 Gao Shan pull up carrots last National Day holiday 7 I sweep the floor yesterday but my mother 8 What she find in the garden last morning She find a beautiful butterfly 9 It be Ben s birthday last Friday 10 10 We all have a good time last night 三 一般将来时三 一般将来时 一 概念 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 There will be an English party next Saturday We will come to see you tomorrow 二 结构 1 由 will 动词原形构成 其 will 适用于各种人称 与主语连在一起时 常常缩写为 ll 变否定句时 只需在 will 后加 not 可缩写为 won t 在疑问句中 will 需提前 构成 will 主语 动词原形的结构 He will arrive here this evening 他今晚抵达这里 2 shall 动词原形 常用于主语为第一人称 I shall will not be free tomorrow 我明天没空 3 be going to 动词原形 打算 准备做某事 He is going to spend his holidays in London 他打算在伦敦度假 三 用法 1 表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态 常与表示将来的时间状语 如 tomorrow next day week month year this evening weekend in the future in a few minutes the day after tomorrow by soon 等连用 I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week I hope you won t be late next time 2 当主句为一般现在时 在以 after when while as soon as if unless 等引导的时间或条件句中 要用 一般现在时表将来 I ll do it better if the teacher gives me another chance 一般将来时练习题 一 单项选择 1 There a meeting tomorrow afternoon A will be going to B will going to be C is going to be D will go to be 2 Charlie here next month A isn t working B doesn t working C isn t going to working D won t work 3 He very busy this week he free next week A will be is B is is C will be will be D is will be 4 There a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening A was B is going to have C will have D is going to be 5 you free tomorrow No I free the day after tomorrow A Are going to will B Are going to be will C Are going to will be D Are going to be will be 6 Mother me a nice present on my next birthday A will gives B will give C gives D give 7 Shall I buy a cup of tea for you 不 不要 A No you won t B No you aren t C No please don t D No please 8 Where is the morning paper I if for you at once A get B am getting C to get D will get 9 a concert next Saturday A There will be B Will there be C There can be D There are 10 If they come we a meeting A have B will have C had D would have 二 动词填空 1 I leave in a minute I finish all my work before I leave 2 How long you study in our country I plan to be here for about one more year I hope to visit the other parts of your country What you do after you leave here I return home and get a job 3 I be tired I go to bed early tonight 4 Mary s birthday is next Monday her mother give her a present 5 It is very cold these days It snow soon 四 过去将来时四 过去将来时 表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作 但这个 将来 时间绝不会延伸到 现在 而仅限于 过去时 间区域内 这个时态常用于 A 宾语从句或间接引语中 B 表示过去习惯性的动作 C 表示过去情况中的 愿望 倾向 多用于否定句 例如 When I thought about it I wondered what their reaction would be 当我考虑这件事时 我想知道他们 的反应是什么 She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day 她告诉我 她第二天要去欧洲旅行 He didn t expect that we would all be there 他没料到我们会全在那儿 例句 I knew you would agree 我知道你会同意的 I said I would arrange everything 我说我来安排一切 过去将来时练习题 I 选择填空 1 Li Ming said he happy if Brian to China next month A as come B was would come C would be came D will be come 2 Jenny said she her holiday in China A spent B would spent C was going to spent D would spend 3 What did your son say in the letter He told me that he the Disney World the next day A will visit B has visited C is going to visit D would visit 4 I hoped Tina to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday A to come B is coming C will come D was coming 5 Father said that he me to Beijing the next year A took B would take C takes D will take II 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1 Miss Zhang said she visit the Great Wall next summer 2 She told him that she not stay here for long 3 I wasn t sure whether Lucy come the next year 4 The scientists said the world s population slow down in future 5 She said the bus leave at five the next morning 五 现在进行时五 现在进行时 一 结构 由 Be am is are 动词 ing 构成 二 用法 1 表示说话时刻正在进行的动作及行为 或者包括说话时刻在内的一段时间正在进行的动作 常用时 间状语及标志词 now at the moment listen look this week this evening these days 等 Listen Someone is playing the piano in the next room 2 表示一种渐进的过程 My younger brother is becoming more and more insterested in English 3 与 always all the time forever 等连用 表示说话人某种强烈的情感 如 赞许 批评 喜欢 厌恶等 例如 He is always thinking of others not of himself 表示赞许 他总是为他人着想 而不为自己 She is often doing well at school 表示满意 她在学校学习挺不错的 Are you feeling better today 表示亲切 你今天觉得好一些吗 One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about 表示不满 我的一个室友老是乱扔东西 Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us 表示不喜欢 有些推 销员老是敲我家的门 向我们推销他们的产品 4 表示移位的动词 如 go come leave start arrive 等 其现在进行时可表将来 She is leaving for Beijing next weak My friend is coming for dinner 三 句型 1 肯定句 主语 be am is are 动词 ing 其他 I am studying now 2 否定句 主语 be not 动词 ing 其他 I am not studying now 3 一般疑问句 Be 主语 动词 ing 其他 Is she studying now Yes she is No she isn t 4 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 Be 主语 动词 ing 其他 What are you doing now 四 动词的现在分词形式构成的几种方法 1 一般在动词原形结尾直接加 ing read reading go going visit visiting 2 以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词 去 e 再加 ing live living write writing make making take taking 3 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词 双写这个字母再加 ing sit sitting begin beginning get getting run running put putting 4 少数几个以 ie 结尾的动词 变 ie 为 y 再加 ing die dying lie lying tie tying 现在进行时练习题 一 写出下列动词的现在分词 play run swim make go like write read have sing dance put see buy love live take come get stop sit begin shop 二 用所给的动词的正确形式填空 1 The boy draw a picture now 2 Listen Some girls sing in the classroom 3 My mother cook some nice food now 4 What you do now 5 Look They have an English lesson 现在进行时态提高题 一 填空题 1 Mr Zheng read a book now 2 The rabbits jump now 3 Look Tom and John swim 4 My brother make a kite in his room now 5 Look The bus stop 6 We have an English class now 7 Listen Someone is come 8 They catch butterflies now 9 He do an experiment now 10 They collect stamps now 六 过去进行时六 过去进行时 一 结构 由 was were 动词 ing 构成 二 用法 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作 动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时 间状语从句来表明 如 at this time yesterday at 7 00 yesterday last night from seven to nine at that time 以 when 或 while 引导的时间状语从句等 My family were watching TV at this time yesterday 注意 1 以 when 引导的时间状语从句中 从句动作 主句用过去进行时 表示一个动作发生 时 另一个动作正在进行 When he called me I was having dinner 2 以 while 引导的时间状语从句中 从句与主句的动作在过去某一时刻同时进行 while 常译为 当 的时候 同时 Tom was doing his hmework while hie sister was watching TV 过去进行时练习题 一 用动词的适当形式填空 1 While we wait for the bus a girl run up to us 2 I telephone a friend when Bob come in 3 Jim jump on the bus as it move away 4 We test the new machine when the electricity go off 5 She not want to stay in bed while the others all work in the fields 二 选择题 1 I cooked a meal when you me a cooked were ringing b was cooking rang c was cooking were ringing d cooked rang 2 He said he to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time a tries b tried c was trying d will try 3 While she TV she a sound outside the room a was watching was hearing b watched was hearing c watched heard d was watching heard 4 They a football game from 7 to 9 last night a were watching b watch c watched d are watching 5 What book you when I you at four yesterday afternoon a did read was seeing b did read saw c were reading saw d were reading was seeing 七 现在完成时七 现在完成时 一 含义 现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态 但其结果却和现在有联系 也就是说 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在 e g I have lost my wallet 含义是 现在我没有钱花了 Jane has laid the table 含义是 已可以吃饭了 Michael has been ill 含义是 现在仍然很虚弱 He has returned from abroad 含义是 现在已在此地 二 结构 助动词 have has 动词过去分词 主语为第三人称单数用 has 其他人称用 have 三 句型 1 肯定句 主语 have has 动词过去分词 其他 I have studied English for 5 years 2 否定句 主语 have has not 动词过去分词 其他 We haven t been there 3 一般疑问句 Have Has 主语 动词过去分词 其他 Has he eaten that apple 4 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 have has 主语 动词过去分词 其他 四 用法 1 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的 持续到现在的情况 常与 for since 连用 e g Mary has been ill for three days I have lived here since 1998 2 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 如 already yet just before recently lately 等 e g He has already obtained a scholarship I haven t seen much of him recently lately We have seen that film before Have they found the missing child yet 3 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用 e g Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her I have used this pen only three times It is still good George has met that gentleman on several occasions 4 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用 如 now up to these few days weeks months years this morning week month year now just today up to present so far 等 e g Peter has written six papers so far Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom There has bee too much rain this year The relations between us have been enhanced in the past few years Up to the present everything has been successful 5 现在完成时表示现在之前就已完成的动作 虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续 但是有 一些现在完成时的句子 在后面加上 for 一段时间 则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性 e g Thomas has studied Russian 现在不再学俄语 Thomas has studied Russian for three years Thomas began to study Russian three years ago and is still studying it now 6 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作 e g We have had four texts this semester 现在完成时中的时间状语 already 通常用于肯定句中 意为 已经 位于行为动词之前 be 动词 助动词之后 有时可放在疑 问句句尾 表示惊讶 例如 We have already cleaned the classroom Have you finished it already yet 用于疑问句中表示 已经 用于否定句中 表示 还 没 例如 Has he found his watch yet 他还没找到他的表吗 No not yet 是 还没有 ever 意为 曾经 常用于疑问句或否定句中 位于助动词和过去分词之间 表示从过去到目前为止 的时间 例如 Have you ever been there 你曾经去过那里吗 Nothing has ever happened here 这里未曾发生过什么事 never 意为 曾经 从未 没有 是否定副词 在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间 ever 与否定词 not 连用相当于 never 例如 I haven t ever spoken to her I have never spoken to her 我从未跟她讲过话 just 意为 刚刚 用于现在完成时 表示行为刚刚过去 位于助动词与过去分词之间 e g He has just come back from school 他刚从学校回来 just now 意为 刚才 表示过去某时 用于一般过去时 位于句首或句尾均可 e g He came from school just now 他刚才从学校回来 for 和 since 的用法及区别 for 与一段时间连用 since 与时间点连用 注意 since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子 e g I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970 I haven t seen her since she left Shanghai I saw Ping Ping six years ago Since I havenever seen her have has gone to have has been to 和 have has been in 的区别 have has gone to 去了 在去某地的路上或在某地 人还未回来 have has been to 曾经去过 人已经回来了 have has been in 已经在 常与一段时间连用 e g She has been to Shanghai before 她以前曾去过上海 She has been in Shanghai for ten years 她在上海 10 年了 Has he gone to Qingdao 他去青岛了吗 但不能说 Have you gone to Qingdao 区分短暂性动词与持续性动词区分短暂性动词与持续性动词 表示短暂性 瞬间性 的动词在现在完成时的句中不能和一段时间连用 短暂性的动词如 come go join leave buy 等 在完成时态中不能与 for since 短语或 How long 等引起的时间状语连用 瞬间动词不能直接与 for since 连用 要改变动词为延续性动词 瞬间动词转换为延续性动词 buy have borrow keep arrive come be in at leave away from join be a member of be in die be dead get up be up get married be married go there be there begin start be on stop be over open be open 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 一般过去式 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情 强调 动作 现在完成时 为过去发生的 强调过去的事情对现在的影响 强调的是影响 现在完成时强调现在完成时强调过去发生的动作与现在的联系 对现在的影响 过去发生的动作与现在的联系 对现在的影响 一般过去时强调过去发生的动作或状态 一般过去时强调过去发生的动作或状态 与现在没有联系 与现在没有联系 现在 现在现在 一看时间状语 如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语 常用现在完成时 如一看时间状语 如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语 常用现在完成时 如 果有 则只能用一般过去时 如 果有 则只能用一般过去时 如 I have visited the factory I visited the factory last year 二看句首有无疑问词 如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗 句首无疑问词 二看句首有无疑问词 如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗 句首无疑问词 常用 常用 现在完成时 但进一步询问何时 何地 何原因 用什么方式做那事时 句首现在完成时 但进一步询问何时 何地 何原因 用什么方式做那事时 句首 有疑问词 就要用一般过去时 如 有疑问词 就要用一般过去时 如 Have you had your breakfast Yes I have When did you have it At seven thirty 注意 注意 这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的 否则就需要具体情况具体分析 如 这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的 否则就需要具体情况具体分析 如 How many words have you learned by heart How did you learn them by heart 三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词 如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在 三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词 如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在 最好选用延续性动词 并使用现在完成时 如果是瞬间动词 则用一般过去时 最好选用延续性动词 并使用现在完成时 如果是瞬间动词 则用一般过去时 如 如 He has been a league member for two months He joined the Youth League two months ago 现在完成时练习题 一 单项选择 1 Both his parents look sad Maybe they what s happened to him knew have known must know will know 2 He has been to Shanghai has he already never ever still 3 Have you met Mr Li just ago before a moment ago 4 The famous writer one new book in the past two year is writing was writing wrote has written 5 Our country a lot so far Yes I hope it will be even has changed well changed good has changed better changed better 6 Zhao Lan already in this school for two years was studying will study has studied are studying 7 We Xiao Li since she was a little girl know had known have known Knew 8 Harry Potter is a very nice film I it twice will see have seen saw see 9 These farmers have been to the United States Really When there will they go did they go do they go have they gone 10 you your homework yet Yes I it a moment ago Did do finished Have done finished Have done have finished will do finish 二 句型转换 3 The old man last year He for a year die 动词填空 4 This factory opened twenty years ago 同义句转换 This factory for twenty years 5 Miss Gao left an hour ago 同义句转换 Miss Gao an hour ago 6 Her mother has been a Party member for three years 同义句 Her mother the Party three years 7 The Green Family moved to France two years ago 同义句转换 two years the Green family moved to Fra nce 8 The bus has arrived here It arrived ten minutes ago 把两个句子合并成一个句子 二 句型转换 1 has he 2 How long 3 died has been dead 4 has been open 5 has been away 6 joined ago 7 It is since 8 The bus has been here for ten minutes 八 过去完成时八 过去完成时 一 过去完成时的概念 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一事件之前已经发生的动作或状态 即过去的过去 图示如下 过去完成 过去 现在 将来 二 构成 1 肯定句 主语 had 过去分词 When we got there the football match had already started 2 否定句 主语 had not 过去分词 He hadn t worked for two years by then 3 疑问句 had 主语 过去分词 Had he finished the work by last month 三 用法 1 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态 句中常用 by before until when 等词引导的时间状语 e g By the time she got up her brother had already gone into the bathroom 2 过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持 续下去 例如 Before he slept he had worked for 12 hours 3 在 told said knew heard thought 等动词后的宾语从句 例如 She said that she had never been to Paris 4 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中 发生在先 用过去完成时 发生在后 用一般过去时 例如 When the police arrived the thieves had run away 5 b