最新人教版八年级英语下册各单元语法点汇总

1 Unit 1 What s the matter 一 询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法 1 询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时 常用以下几种结构来表达 What s the matter with sb 某人 怎么了 What s wrong with sb 某人 怎么了 What s the trouble with sb 某人 出什么事了 What happened to sb 某人 发生了什么事 Are you OK 你没事吧 Is there anything wrong with sb 某人有什么事吗 2 要表达身体疼痛或不舒服 可用以下结构 某人 have has 病症 The twins have colds 双胞胎感冒了 某人 have has a headache toothache stomachache backache earache She had a stomachache last night 她昨晚肚子痛 某人 have has a sore 发病部位 He has a sore throat 他喉咙痛 某人 hurt s 身体部位或反身代词 He hurt his leg 他的腿受伤了 某部位 hurt s My head hurts badly 我头痛得厉害 某人 have has a pain in one s 身体部位 I have a pain in my chest 我胸口痛 There is something wrong with one s 身体部位 There is something wrong with my right eye 我的右眼有毛病 其他表达方式 She has a heart trouble 她有心脏病 He got hit on the head 他头部受到了撞击 She cut her finger 她割破手指了 二 情态动词 should 的用法 1 Should 为情态动词 意为 应该 应当 否定式为 shouldn t 其后接动词原形 无人称和数的变化 常用来 表示征询意见 建议 劝告 要求或义务等 You should drink hot water with honey 你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水 He should put his head back 他应该把头后仰 We should try our best to help him 我们应当尽力去帮助他 You shouldn t watch TV 你不应该看电视 2 Should 用于主语为第一人称的疑问句 表示征询意见 Should I put some medicine on it 我应当给它敷上药吗 Should we tell her about it 我们应该告诉她这件事吗 拓展 在英语中 表示建议的说法有很多 而且都是中考考查的重点 主要结构有 Would you like to do sth 你想要 愿意 做 某事吗 Would you like to play basketball with me 你想要和我一起打篮球吗 Shall I we do sth 我 我们做 好吗 Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow 明天我们去动物园 好吗 Why not do sth 为什么不 呢 Why not join us 为什么不加入到我们当中来呢 How What about doing sth 做某事怎么样 How about going swimming 去游泳怎么样 Let s do sth 让我们做 吧 Let s go home 咱们回家吧 You d better not do sth 你最好 不 要做某事 You d better not go there alone 你最好不要一个人去那儿 Unit 2 I ll help clean up the city parks 动词不定式 A 作主语 为避免句子的头重脚轻 常用 it 作为形式主语 而真正的主语动词不定式后置 常用句型 2 It be adj n for of sb to do sth It takes sb some time to do sth B 作宾语 动词 want decide hope ask agree choose learn plan need teach prepare 常接动词不定式作宾语 C 作 后置 定语 常用于 have has sth to do 或 enough 名 to do It s time to do sth 等结构中 D 作宾语补足语 tell ask want invite teach like call 等可接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语 构成 tell ask want call invite sb to do sth 结构 注意 动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去 to 一感 feel 二听 listen to hear 三让 let make have 四看 look at see watch notice 半帮助 help E 动词不定式作状语 主要用来修饰动词 表示目的 结果或原因 为了强调目的 有时可以把动词不定式放在句首 或在不定式前加 in order to 或 so as to 为了 目的是 常用结构有 too adj adv to do sth 等 F 固定句式中动词不定式的用法 常见的形式有 had better not do sth Would you like to do sth Why not do sth Would you please not do sth 等 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room Could you please 句型 1 请求别人时通常用此句型 也可以说 Can you please 情态动词 could 或 can 在这里均表示请求 在意思上 无区别 但是用 could 在于其上显得更委婉 客气 诚恳 在日常生活中常使用 could you I 若在句末加上 please 则显得更礼貌 Could you help me find my book please 你能帮我找到我的书吗 2 对 could you I 的问句作出肯定回答 常用 sure certainly of course 等 如果作否定回答 常用 sorry 或 oh please don t 一般不用 no 开头 用 no 显得语气生硬 不礼貌 3 表示请求的句式 Would you like to do Would you mind doing Let s do Shall I we do Please do 祈使句前加 please 提示 could you please 与 could I Please 两种问句 前者是请求别人帮忙的句式 后者是有礼貌地向别人请求允 许的交际用语 试比较 Could you please help me 请你帮我一下好吗 Could I please invite my friends to my birthday party Mom 妈妈 我能邀请我的朋友参加我的生日聚会吗 Unit 4 Why don t you talk to your parents 1 提建议向别人发出邀请 请求 建议 或征求某人的意见的其他表达方式 How what about doing sth about 是 个介词 可跟名词或动名词 怎么样 You d better not do something 你最好 不 做某事 Would you like sth 你想要某物 Let s do sth What should I do should 表示请求 征询对方意见 2 学会谈论问题和学会用 why don t you 提建议向别人发出邀请 请求 建议 或征求某人的意见的表达方式 Why don t you do something Why not do something 你为什么不做某事呢 来表示请求 征询对方意见 until so that although 引导的状语从句 1 until 在带有 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句里 如果主句用肯定式 其含义是 一直到 时 谓语动词只 能用延续性动词 如果主句用否定式 其含义是 直到 才 在 以前不 谓语动词可用瞬间 动词 Don t get off until the bus stops 2 so that 引导目的状语从句 为了 以便 例如 He studies hard so that he could work better in the future 3 although 的用法意思相当于 though 尽管 虽然 引导让步状语从句 引导的从句不能与并列连词 but and so 等连用 但可以和 yet still 等词连用 例如 Although he was tired he went on working 尽管他很累 但是他继续工作 Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came 过去进行时 1 基本概念 过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的 3 动作 这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外 一般用时间状语来表示 2 结构 was were not 动词 ing 3 句式 肯定式 I He She It was working We You They were working 否定式 I He She It was not working We You They were not working 疑问式和简略回答 Was I working Yes you were No you were not Were you working Yes I was No I was not Was he she it working Y es he she it was No he she it was not Were we you they working Yes you we they were No you we they were not 注 1 was not 常缩略为 wasn t were not 常缩略为 weren t 2 一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态 而过去进行 时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作 例如 David wrote a letter to his friend last night 大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信 信写完了 David was writing a letter to his friend last night 大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信 信不一定写完 4 过去进行时中的 when 和 while when while 区别 1 由 when 引导的时间状语从句 主句用过去进行时 从句应用一般过去时 由 while 引导的时间状语从句 主句 用一般过去时 从句应用过去进行时 When the teacher came in we were talking 当此句改变主从句的位置时 则为 While we were talking the teacher came in 2 如果从句和主句的动作同时发生 两句都用过去进行时的时候 多用 while 引导 如 They were singing while we were dancing Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains 1 unless 引导条件状语从句 unless if not 除非 若不 They will go tomorrow unless it rains They will go tomorrow if it doesn t rains 2 as soon as 引导时间状语从句 就 He will come and see you as soon as he can 3 so that 引导结果状语从句 句型 1 主语 谓语 so 形容词 副词 that 从句 The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward 句型 2 so 形容词 a an 单数名词 that 从句 It was so hot a day that they all went swimming 句型 3 so many few 复数名词 that 从句 He has so few friends that he often feels lonely 句型 4 so much little 不可数名词 that 从句 I had so little money that I couldn t buy a pen Unit 7 What s the highest mountain in the world 形容词副词的原级 比较级和最高级 一 原级句型 1 A is as 原级 as B 表示 A 与 B 一样 eg He is as tall as me 2 A is not as so 原级 as B 表示 A 不如 B eg He is not as tall as me 4 3 只能修饰原级的词 very quite so too so enough pretty 等 例如 He is too tired to walk on 他太累了以至于不能再继续走了 2 比较级句型 可以修饰比较级的词 much a lot far 的多 a little a bit 一点儿 even 甚至 still 仍然 Eg Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two 第一课比第二课容易得多 Tom looks even younger than before 汤姆甚至比以前更年轻 1 当句中有 than 时则用比较级 eg He is fatter than me 2 当句子中的比较对象为两者时用比较级 特殊疑问词 be 形容词比较级 A or B eg Which is bigger the earth or the moon 哪一个大 地球还是月球 3 比较级 and 比较级 表示 越来越 eg The flowers are more and more beautiful 花儿越来越漂亮 加 more 构成比较级的形容词则用 more and more 形容词表示越来越 eg English is more and more important 4 the 比较级 the 比较级 表示 越 越 Eg The more careful you are the fewer mistakes you ll make 5 A be the 形容词比较级 of the two 表示 A 是两者中较 的 Eg Look at the two boys My brother is the taller of the two 6 A be 形容词比较级 than any other 单数名词 介词短语 表示 A 比同一范围的任何一个人 物都 含 义是 A 最 Eg The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China The Yangtze River is the longest river in China 三 最高级常用句型结构 1 主语 be the 形容词最高级 单数名词 in of 短语 表示 是 中最 的 eg Tom is the tallest in his class of all the students This apple is the biggest of the five 2 主语 be one of the 形容词最高级 复数名词 in of 短语 表示 是 中最 之一 Eg Beijing is one of the largest cities in China 3 特殊疑问词 be the 最高级 A B or C 用于三者以上 eg Which is the biggest The moon the sun or ths earth 4 the 序数词 最高级 单数名词 范围 表示 是第几大 eg The Yellow River is the second longest river in China 注意 形容词最高级之前要加 the 但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时则不用加 the eg He is the best student in my class He is my best friend 4 形容词副词的规则与不规则变化 规则变化规则变化 1 一般在词尾直接加 er 或 est 例如 tall taller tallest long longer longest 2 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的单词在词尾直接加 r 或 st 例如 nice nicer nicest 3 以辅音字母 y 结尾的词 把 y 变为 i 再加 er 或 est 例如 heavy heavier heaviest 4 重读闭音节 末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写这个辅音字母 再加 er 或 est eg big bigger biggest 5 部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加 more 构成比较级和 most 构成最高级 例如 slowly more slowly most slowly beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 不规则变化不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good well better best 5 bad badly ill worse worst many much more most littleless least farther farthest far further furthest older Oldest 无血缘关系的 old elder eldest 有血缘关系 Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum 现在完成时 Present Perfect Tense 1 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 It s so dark 太黑了 Someone has turned off the light 有人把灯关上了 2 表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态 常与 since 过去的时间点 for 一段时间 since 时间段 ego so far 等时间状语连用 Eg I have lived here for ten years 我已经住在这里 10 年了 从 10 年前开始 持续到现在还住这儿 Eg I have lived here since 2003 自从 2003 年我就住在这儿 从 2003 年开始 持续到现在还住这儿 3 基本结构及句型转换 主语 have has 过去分词 done 当主语是第三人称单数 has 其余人称用 have 肯定句 主语 have has 过去分词 其他 I have finished my homework 肯定句 否定句 主语 have has not 过去分词 其他 I have not finished my homework 否定句 一般疑问句 Have Has 主语 过去分词 其他 Have you finished your homework Yes I have No I haven t 一般疑问句及肯定 否定回答 4 has gone to has been to has been in 的区别 Have Has gone to 去了 现在不在说话现场 Eg Where is your father He has gone to Shanghai Have Has been to 去过 已不在去过的地方 Eg My father has been to Shanghai Have has been in 呆了多久 还在所呆的地方 Eg My father has been in Shanghai for two months My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago 5 现在完成时的标志 常与 just already yet ever never before so far 等连用 强调动作的完成 不强调动作的持续 Have you ever been to Japan I have just finished my homework for 时间段 since 过去的时间点 since 段时间 ago since 一般过去时的句子 They have known each other for five years Since he was a child he has lived in England 6 动词过去式和过去分词的变化 规则变化 1 一般在动词词尾直接加 ed 如 pick picked picked wish wished wished stay stayed stayed 2 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词后面加 d 如 like liked liked hope hoped hoped phone phoned phoned 3 以 辅音字母 y 结尾的动词 变 y 为 i 再加 ed 如 study studied studied hurry hurried hurr