高考英语语法情态动词考点汇总ppt课件.ppt

Modalverbs情态动词 情态动词的特点 1 有含义 有感情色彩 2 不能单独做谓语 必须与不定式一起做谓语 3 有时态变化但无人称变化 can couldmay mightmustshallshould oughttowill wouldneed darehadbetterwouldratherusedto have got to beableto don thaveto Do haveto haven tgotto Have gotto 常用的情态动词有 PartOne 一 can could beableto二 need dare三 shall should四 must五 will would usedto六 hadbetter七 wouldrather can beableto can1 表 自身已具备的能力 而could表示过去的能力 此时可用beableto代替Icandriveacar HecouldspeakEnglishattheageof4 如果表示经过一番努力做成了某事 须用beableto而不用can could 例如 Thehotelwasonfire butthepeopleinitwereabletoescapeintime 2 表 允许 意为 可以 例如 CanIhaveanothercupoftea Youcan tsmokehere 在疑问句中可以用could表示更加委婉的语气 但回答时需用can 例如 CouldIaskyousomething ifyouarenottoobusy Yes youcan 同样 表示征求对方许可时 Would Might 用在疑问句中只是一种委婉的说法 其回答时分别用其原形will may 3 表 推测 need need Needwehandinourhomework No youneedn t Yes youmust 结论 need 需要 情态动词 用于否定和疑问句 肯定回答用must dare dare敢 1 dare dared not do 2 daretodo don tdaretodo 情态动词 用于否定 疑问和条件句 实意动词 过去式dared darednot didnotdare to 总结 need dareneed情态动词 实意动词肯定 needtodo 否定 needn tdo don tneedtodo 疑问 Need主语do Do主语needtodo 时态 need needs needed dare情态动词 实意动词肯定 daretodo 否定 daren tdo don tdare to do 疑问 Dare主语do Do主语dare to do 时态 dared dare dares dared shall shall shan t1 用于一 三人称作主语的疑问句 征询听话人的意见 ShallI he we they ShallIopenthedoor Shalltheboywaitoutsideorcomeinside 2 用于二 三人称作主语的陈述句 表示说话人的意愿 如威胁 命令 允诺等 1 Youshallbepunishedifyoucomelate 2 Youshallremainhereuntilallyourpapersarecollected 3 Youshallgetapresentifyoudowellinthecomingexam 威胁 命令 允诺 3 用于官方文件 条文 规定中 表示具有法律效应 必须 Allthepaymentsshallbepaidbytheendofthemonth Theinterestshallbedividedintofiveparts accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides declaredthejudge should should1 应该 表示主观上感到有责任或义务去做某事Ishouldfinishmyhomeworkfirst oughtto强调客观要求 含有强烈的道义 责任 法律或原则的意味 Yououghttorespectyourparents Sir yououghtnottosithere It sforwomenandchildrenonly 2 竟然 意外 遗憾 It sstrangethatsheshouldlovesuchanuglyoldman It sapitythatyoushouldthinkso 3 表假设Ifsheshouldbefreenextweek she llcome Shoulditraintomorrow thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff 4 表推测 must 1 表 义务 意为 必须 Mustwehandinourhomeworkbeforesupper Yes youmust No youneedn t don thaveto 注意 Youmustn tbelateforschooloryou llbepunished mustn t 禁止 不许 不是推测 2 must表坚持 非得 偏偏 Whymustyoumakesomuchnoise Mustyouleavesosoon CanIborrowyourcar Mum Ifyoumust 3 表推测 will would will1 表意愿Ifyoudon tworkhard youwillnotmakeprogress 注意 will表意愿 可以用于if条件句中Ifyouwon tgototheparty neitherwill 助动词 I 助动词 主将从现 2 表示倾向 习惯 总是 老是 Fishwilldieoutofwater Oilandwaterwillnotmix won t老也不 就是不Thedoorwon topen Thecomputerwon twork would表示过去的倾向或习惯 过去总是 但没有 今昔不同 的意思 1 Whenhelivedinthecountry hewouldgetupearlyandtakealongwalkinthewoods 2 WhenIwasachild Iwouldhelpmyparentsonthefarmafterschool usedto曾经 强调 今昔不同 Heusedtobeahandsomeboy Thisusedtobeasmallcity hadbetter hadbetter hadbest 最好 hadbetter best notdosth 最好不做Youhadbetterstayathome You dbetternotwakemeup wouldrather wouldrather not do 宁愿 Iwouldratherstayathome Iwouldrathernottellyouthatnews Consolidation 一 can could beableto1 Hedidn twanttocomewithusatfirst butwe persuadehimatlast 2 Ifthesnowcarriesonlikethis veryfewpeoplewill gototheconcert 3 Teachersshould explainquestionsclearly 4 Hisfather speakfiveforeignlanguages wereableto beableto beableto can 二 need dare改错题 1 Achildwhoisunder10yearsoldneedn taticket 2 Idarenottogooutaloneatnight 3 Daredyoutoaskhimthequestionyesterday doesn tneed Idarenotgooutaloneatnight Idon tdaretogooutaloneatnight Daredyouaskhimthequestionyesterday Didyoudaretoaskhimthequestionyesterday Excuseme butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport You havemycomputerifyoudon ttakecareofit 2 Weneedapersonbadlytothinkupsuchanidea thenewcomerhaveatry 3 Ican tbelievethathe besorudetome 4 Whatdoesthesignoverthereread Noperson smokeorcarryalightedcigarette cigarorpipeinthisarea 三 shall should shan t Shall should shall 1 Iwanttoopenthedoor but 就是不开 itwon topen 2 Themanagerisn tin buthewillseeyouifyou waitforhim 3 Oil floatonwater 4 He beaworker butnowhewritesnovelsathome will 四 will would usedto will usedto PartTwo 一 情态动词表推测must can could may might should 二 情态动词表推测的时间性 三 情态动词表推测时的反意疑问句 一 情态动词表推测must can could may might should 1 must Helikesplayingfootball Hemustbeontheplaygroundnow 结论 must 一定 准是 表推测 只用于肯定句 2 can Iseenobodythere Hecan tbeontheplayground Wherecanhebe 结论 can表示推测 用于否定句和疑问句 Sb can t 不可能 Cansb 可能吗 Somemoreexamples 1 Whatcanitbe Itcan tbeacar foritisnotmoving Itmustbeahouse 2 Whocanitbe Itmustbetheheadmaster Itcan tbehim HehasgonetoShanghai Tangshancanbeverycoldinwinter Oldpeoplecanbeveryforgetful Childrencanbeverynaughty OnecantraveltoVenicebyboat can用于肯定句 表示理论上的可能性 即事情可能发生 但不表示某个特定事件真的会发生 有时可意为 有时会 can的补充用法 3 may Hemaybeontheplayground Hemaynotbeontheplayground 结论 may 可能 表推测 用于肯定句或否定句 maynot 可能不 上面句子可换用might 但may might 试比较 UncleWangisinpoorhealth Hecanbeillatanytime UncleWanglookspale Hemay mightbeill 4 couldcould可以用于肯定句 可能 相当于may might Whathesaidcould mayberight 但could用于否定和疑问句时 可以跟can互换 Hecan t couldn tstayathomeallday Can Coulditbecloudytomorrow 5 should表示一种可能性很大的 符合常理的推测 按理会 估计会 Youarealwaysworkinghard soyoushouldpasstheexam Wearesupposedtoleaveatseveno clock Jackshouldbehereatanymoment 情态动词表示推测时 语气从强到弱的顺序 mustshould can tcouldn t maymightcould can mayn tmightn t cancould 语气强 语气弱 must should may could might 1 Amanhasjustpassedby Who itbe itbeMr Li No it behim Hehasgoneabroad Thenit beMr Wang can Can can t couldn t must 2 Hurryup they 一定正在等我们 mustbewaitingforus 3 Mother 可能已经知道了 everything may might couldhaveknown 表推测的情态动词后常接以下三种动词形式 do 对现在或将来的推测 2 bedoing 对现在正在进行的动作推测 3 havedone 对过去或已完成的动作推测 二 情态动词表推测的时间性must can could may might should Shemustbeangryifsheknowsit Hurryup Theymustbewaitingforusattheschoolgate Wearelostnow Wemusthavemadeawrongturnatthelastcrossroad musthavedone 只用于肯定句 一定做过 Shecan t couldn thaveleftschool forherbikeisstillthere Wherecan couldhehavegoneyesterdayafternoon Ididn tseehimathishome 否定和疑问 can t couldn thavedone不可能做过Can Couldsbhavedone 可能做过 吗 may might not havedone 肯定和否定 可能 没 做过 Alicedidn tsaygoodbyetomewhensheleft IthinkImayhavemadeherangry Hehasn treturnedthebooktome Hemaynothavefinishedreadingit SorryI mlate Imighthaveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain Completethefollowing 1 Jack 不可能 arrived otherwisehewouldhavetelephonedme 2 Iwonderwhytheyarelate They 可能 missedthetrain 3 Themoneyhasdisappeared Who takenit 4 HecanspeakJapaneseveryfluently He 一定 learntJapaneseforyears can thave may mighth