高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解基础题选编（二）1.doc

贵州凤冈县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解基础题选编（二）阅读理解-。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Many people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile (汽车)But Henry Ford did not start to build his first car until 1896.That was eleven years after two Germans developed the worlds first automobile.Many people believe Henry Ford invented the production line that moved a cars parts to the worker，instead of making the worker move to the parts.That is not true，either.Many factory owners used methods of this kind before Ford.What Henry Ford did was to use other peoples ideas and make them better.And he made the whole factory a moving production line.In the early days of the automobile，almost every car maker raced his cars.It was the best way of gaining public notice.Henry Ford decided to build a racing car.Fords most famous race was his first one.It was also the last race in which he drove the car himself.The race was in 1901，at a field near Detroit.All of the most famous cars had entered, but only two were left：the Winton and Fords.The Winton was famous for its speed.Most people thought the race was over before it began.The Winton took an early lead.But halfway through the race, it began to lose power.Ford started to gain.And near the end of the race, he took the lead.Ford won the race and defeated the Winton.His name appeared in newspapers and he became wellknown all over the United States.Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile company.In 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company.That_sale was the beginning of Henry Fords dream.Ford said: “I will build a motor car for the great mass of people.It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for.It will be built of the best materials.It will be built by the best men to be employed.And it will be built with the simplest plans that modern engineering can produce.It will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one.”The Model T was a car of that kind.It only cost $850.It was a simple machine that drivers could depend on.Doctors bought the Model TSo did farmers.Even criminals. They considered it the fastest and surest form of transportation.Americans loved the Model TThey wrote stories and songs about it.Thousands of Model Ts were built in the first few years.本文记叙了亨利福特充分利用别人的想法，生产出了自己的汽车，形成了自己的生产流水线。通过赛车比赛，使公众关注到自己的汽车，然后建立了自己的汽车公司，为所有的普通顾客生产汽车。1What do we know about Henry Ford from Paragraph 1?AHe made good use of ideas from others.BHe produced the first car in the world.CHe knew how to improve auto parts.DHe invented the production line.答案：A。细节理解题。根据短文第一段倒数第二句话可知：福特所做的就是利用别人的想法，然后更好地利用。2Why did Henry Ford take part in the 1901 car race?ATo show off his driving skills.BTo draw public attention.CTo learn about new technology.DTo raise money for his new company.答案：B。细节理解题。根据短文第二段可知，开始时，每个汽车制造者都开赛车，并且这是引人注意的最好方法。因此他制造自己的赛车，进行比赛，目的是引人注意。3“That sale” in Paragraph 4 refers to_.Athe selling of Ford cars at reduced pricesBthe sale of Model T to the mass of peopleCthe selling of a car to a Detroit doctorDthe sales target for the Ford Company答案：C。词义猜测题。由上一句话“In 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company”可知，that sale指代的是医生买车这件事。4What was Henry Fords dream according to the text?AProducing cars for average customers.BBuilding racing cars of simple design.CDesigning more car models.DStarting more companies.答案：A。细节理解题。由短文倒数第二段及最后一段可知，他造的车价格低，能挣钱的人都能买得起他的车，医生，农民甚至罪犯都买他的车。由此可知他的梦想就是为普通老百姓造车。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。Were all connected. You can send an e-mail message to a friend, and your friend can pass it on to one of his or her friends, and that friend can do the same, continuing the chain. Eventually, your message could reach just about anyone in the world, and it might take only five to seven e-mails for the message to get there. Scientists recently tested that idea in a study involving 24,000 people. Participants had to try to get a message forwarded to one of 18 randomly chosen people. Each participant started by sending one e-mail to someone they knew. Recipients could then forward the e-mail once to someone they knew, and so on. Targets, who were randomly assigned by researchers from Columbia University in New York, lived in 13 countries. They included an Australian police officer, a Norwegian veterinarian, and a college professor. Out of 24,000 chains, only 384 reached their goal. The rest petered out, usually because one of the recipients was either too busy to forward the message or thought it was junk mail. The links that reached their goal made it in an average of 4.05 e-mails. Based on the lengths of the failed chains, the researchers estimated that two strangers could generally make contact in five to seven e-mails. The most successful chains relied on casual acquaintances rather than close friends. Thats because your close friends know each other whereas your acquaintances tend to know people you dont know. The phenomenon, known as the strength of weak ties, explains why people tend to get jobs through people they know casually but arent that close to. So, start networking and instant messaging now. As they say in show business: Its all about who you know. 6. If you want to get into touch with a stranger in the world, how many e-mails might it take for the message to reach him/her?A. 5 to 7B. 18C. 13D. 3847. Which of the following is Not true about the test?A. 24,000 people took part in the study and sent e-mails to people they knew.B. The 18 targets were chosen by chance.C. About 98.4% of the mails didnt reach their goal because some people were too busy or they mistook the message for junk mail.D. The targets come from 13 countries, such as Australia, Norway and New York.8. What does the word “estimate” mean in the passage?A. make sureB. supposeC. think overD. imagine9. Why do people tend to get jobs more easily through casual acquaintances than close friends?A. Because close friends dont talk with each other so much.B. Because casual acquaintances can help you know more people and make more friends.C. Because close friends dont spend so much time gathering together.D. Because casual acquaintances are kinder and more willing to help others.10. In which part of a newspaper will readers read this passage?A. Culture B. EntertainmentC. Information and TechnologyD. Health 全解全析本文主要讲述电子邮件将人们的联系拉近。6. A 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知。7. D 细节理解题。由第二段可知，A, B, C都正确；由第三段最后一句可知，D不正确。8. B 词义猜测题。estimate “估计”，与B选项suppose意思最接近。9. B 细节理解题。由第六段可知。10. C 推理判断题。因本文谈的e-mail与电脑有关，所以应与“信息和技术”相关。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。【2013广东省广州市调研测试】 Imagine putting a seed in a freezer, waiting 30,000 years, and then taking the seed out and planting it. Do you think a flower would grow? Amazingly, scientists have just managed to do something very similar. They found the fruit of an ancient plant that had been frozen underground in Siberia a region covering central and eastern Russia for about 31,800 years. Using pieces of the fruit, the scientists grew plants in a lab. The new blooms have delicate white petals. They are also the oldest flowering plants that researchers have ever revived from a deep freeze. “This is like regenerating a dinosaur from tissues of an ancient egg,” said University of California, Los Angeles biologist Jane Shen-Miller. The plant has a long history. Back when mammoths and woolly rhinoceroses walked the land, an Arctic ground squirrel buried seeds and fruits in an underground chamber near the Kolyma River in northeastern Siberia. The ground became permafrost, a layer of soil that stays frozen for a long time. Recently, Russian scientists dug out the old squirrel hole and found the plant remains 38 meters below the surface. Back at the lab, the team fed nutrients to tissue from three of the fruits to grow shoots. Then the scientists transferred the shoots to pots filled with soil. The plants produced seeds that could be used to grow even more of them. Its important for scientists to know that plant tissues can still be revived after being frozen for a long time. Thats because many researchers are trying to preserve the seeds of modern plants by freezing them and then storing them in giant lockers at various spots around the globe. One such endeavor, an underground facility in Norway, is called the Svalbard Global Seed Vault. It stores hundreds of thousands of frozen seeds. If a plant ever goes extinct, scientists could bring it back by taking its seeds from the Svalbard or other storage lockers. “No one knows how long they are able to live for, but freezing is basically the format for many plant conservation attempts nowadays.” Shen-Miller said. Its a good thing that at least some plants are tough enough to survive the experience. 31. How did the fruit originally get underground?A. It was placed there by an animal.B. It was trapped there during the ice-age.C. It was planted there by ancient farmers.D. It was buried there after the earthquake.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据Back when mammoths and woolly rhinoceroses walked the land, an Arctic ground squirrel buried seeds and fruits in an underground chamber near the Kolyma River in northeastern Siberia.可知最初的时候是有动物放在地下的，故选A。32. Which of the following was NOT used to recreate the ancient plant? A. Modern nutrients. B. Parts of its fruit. C. Its frozen seeds. D. Plant pots with soil.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据Russian scientists dug out the old squirrel hole and found the plant remains 38 meters below the surface. Back at the lab, the team fed nutrients to tissue from three of the fruits to grow shoots. Then the scientists transferred the shoots to pots filled with soil.从果实的一部分取组织，然后给这些组织一定的营养，然后把嫩芽放在有土壤的盆里就能再重新栽培出古代的植物，这里没有提到冻了的种子，故选C。33. Why are scientists interested in this discovery?A. It helps them learn how plant life has changed in the past 30,000 years.B. It can help guide future efforts to protect endangered plant-life.C. It can provide directions for where to look for other ancient plants.D. It proves that all plant life can survive for thousands of years when frozen.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据Thats because many researchers are trying to preserve the seeds of modern plants by freezing them and then storing them in giant lockers at various spots around the globe. If a plant ever goes extinct, scientists could bring it back by taking its seeds from the Svalbard or other storage lockers.有了这个重要的发现有助于帮助我们未来去保护频临灭绝的植物，故选B。34. The underlined word “they” in the final paragraph refers to _.A. plantsB. seedsC. scientists D. storage lockers【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。根据If a plant ever goes extinct, scientists could bring it back by taking its seeds from the Svalbard or other storage lockers.及able to live for应该指的是种子能够活多长，故选B。35. The purpose of the passage is to _. A. discuss a plant conservation effort B. introduce some ancient plants C. outline some causes of global warmingD. describe a scientific research project【答案】D 【解析】作者意图题。纵观全文的内容可知短文介绍了一个科研项目，故选D。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。British author JK Rowling was at the release of her latest Harry Potter book called “Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows” at the Natural History Museum in London, Friday July 20, 2007.J.K.RowlinghasbeenspottedatcafesinScotlandworkingonadetectivenovel,aBritishnewspaperreportedSaturday.TheSundayTimesnewspaperquotedIanRankin,afellowauthorandneighborofRowlings,assayingthecreatoroftheHarryPotterbooksisturningtocrimefiction.MywifespottedherwritingherEdinburghcriminaldetectivenovel,thenewspaperquotedRankinastellingareporteratanEdinburghliteraryfestival.ItisgreatthatshehasnotabandonedwritingorEdinburghcafes,saidRankin,whois knownforhisownpolicenovelssetinthehistoricScottishcity.RowlingfamouslywroteinitialdraftsofthePotterstoryintheScottishcityscafes.Backthen,shewasastrugglingsinglemotherwhowroteincafestosaveontheheatingbillathome.NowshesBritainsrichestwoman-worth$1billion,accordingtoForbesmagazine-andhersevenPotterbookshavesoldmorethan335millioncopiesworldwide.InaninterviewwithTheAssociatedPresslastmonth,RowlingsaidshebelievedshewasunlikelytorepeatthesuccessofthePotterseries,butconfirmedshehadplanstoworkonnewbooks.IlldoexactlywhatIdidwithHarry-IllwritewhatIreallywanttowrite,Rowlingsaid.11 What is JK Rowling famous for?A. detective novelsB. crime fictionC. Harry Potter booksD. love stories12 Which of the following is Not rue about Ian Rankin?A. He is a writer famous for police novels.B. Most of the stories in his novels happened in the historic Scottish city.C. It was Rankin himself who witnessed JK Rowing writing her Edinburgh criminal detective novels.D. He told the British newspaper The Sunday Times about JK Rowlings novels.13 Why did Rowling like to write the “Harry Pot