小学作文“互动螺旋式评改”的课例研究

互动螺旋式评改 是根据 语文课程标准 关于写作教学方面的相关论述和要求 即既要保持对学生修改作文内容的考查 同时也应对修改作文的过程及方法予以必要的关 注而所创建的一种适应现代化教学要求的新型作文评改模式 它能够引导学生逐步地自改 互改 学生之间相互取长补短 最终共同提高各自的作文水平 国外作文教学选择开放评 价标准 关注学生个体差异 教师鼓励学生去解释 判断 让学生多写 多改 这给本课 题带来较大的理论参考价值 国内很多学校也在研究关于作文批改改革或有效策略的研究 很多学校也研究出了有效批改作文的策略和切实可行的方式 如 魏书生老师让学生互相 批改作文的做法有实效而且学生乐于接受 学生之间互批作文 学生都能够互相阅读两名 及两名以上同学的作文 可以发现和指正别人的缺点且引以为戒 也可以学习到他人的优 点 互相学习进步 而且经过实践检验 学生们最终不仅记住了写作的基本要求 而且对 此有了较之以往相对深刻的理解与记忆 有利于提高学生的写作认知与水平 除此之外 学生同学之间也增加了一个思想交流的平台 本报告首先充分考虑到当前我国语文课程改革这种时代的教育背景的特征 因此得以 立足于作文评改教学现状 并且将改善改正学生的不端正写作态度以及提高其文章鉴赏素 养与能力作为出发点和最终落脚点 创建了新的互动螺旋式评改模式 且在实践中验证与 取得了良好的教学效果 这种新型作文评改模式的验证结果表明 其不论是在传统的教学 环境抑或是现代化的网络教学环境之中都可以有效改善学生的不端正写作态度 以及提高 学生的文章鉴赏能力与素养 一 研究背景 1 小学作文评改教学现状 作文教学不仅仅是语文教学之中的重难点 同时也是影响着语文教学进一步发展的瓶 颈性因素 小学语文教师在作文批改方面往往会消耗很多精力与心血 但在将作文成绩发 给学生后 很多学生仅仅注重老师的批语与作文等级 如果教师评语未和学生平等沟通或 者缺乏技巧性 那么学生就很容易出现心灰意冷的情况 有的教师在批改中把自己个人的 思维方式强加给学生 难免把学生活跃的思维禁锢了 有的教师在批改中拔高评改要求 这样往往导致满篇文章变成了教师的改动产品 不仅仅不利于提高学生的积极性 而且也 没有起到应有的作文指导作用 而且以往小学作文教学程序主要是 教师指导 学生写作 教师批改以及教师讲评 就信息论视角分析 将学生作文学习综合过程展现出来 即 学 生吸收信息 信息输出 信息反馈以及信息评估 然而 就信息反馈视角分析 其教学过 程仅仅是单向信息反馈 所以 此作文教学方式成效甚微 所以 改革传统的作文评改方 式势在必行 2 课程标准呼唤教学改革 要重视引导学生在自我修改和相互修改的过程中提高写作能力 是我国 语文课程 标准 在 实施建议 中的明确要求 而且在第二学段与第三阶段作文写作目标方面的要 求提出来 即 学习修改作文写作中错误较为显著字词与句式 对自己的作文认真修改 主动和其他同学交换修改 以保证自己的作文书写规范 行款正确 语句通顺等 二 研究目的和意义 课题基于传统作文批改模式的弊端 构建全新互动式螺旋形作文批改模式 通过五类 课例的研究 形成了较成熟的适合学生的批改模式 学生能够积极投入到互动螺旋式作文 批改的过程之中 放下负担 有话敢说 有问敢提 有疑敢质 形成畅所欲言的局面 使 学生在评改中受益 提高自身的写作能力 依托互动螺旋式评改模式 将单一的写作训练 变成阅读 写作 修改 合作 欣赏等多种功能的写作训练 将作文评改中的单边活动 双边活动扩充为多边活动 提高了学生的合作能力和鉴赏能力 互动螺旋式作文评改模式是将培养学生学习兴趣 并激发其写作欲望作为出发点和最 终落脚点 变被动学习为主动学习 让学生学会学习 乐于学习 通过师生 生生之间的 互动 合作与交流 互相理解 彼此倾听 既打破了以往的写作定势 同时也有利于创造 性思维的形成和增强 对于小学语文作文评改教学的改善和进一步发展具有重要意义 三 研究的目标和内容 1 研究目标 通过作文教学典型课例的研究与积累 摸索一条作文教学中 互动螺旋式 评改方式 的新路子 通过互动式的作文评改方式 将作文教学中的信息单向反馈转变为多向 交叉 型的信息反馈 学生通过相互评价 自我修改及帮他人修改这一系列过程 来促进阅读水 平 写作水平修改水平的提升 最终使语文综合运用能力得到螺旋式的提升 2 研究 内容 通过查阅文献 观察学生习作 对学生进行访谈等方法 对传统作文评改方式的弊端 成因 进行分析研究 通过实践研究 探索一条促进学生发展的作文互动式评改新路子 将教师一人批改 讲评转化为在教师指导下的全体学生的自我评改 互评 不仅仅有利于 改变当前教学实践中教师精批细改效率低下的现状 而且也可以比较全面地从宏观到微观 对学生批改行为进行指导 从而激发师生双方积极性 最大程度改变 教师怕批作文 学 生怕改作文 的局面 选取各个层次水平的学生各几名作为实验个体 以几堂典型性的作 文课堂为载体 作连续性的记录 从而让学生逐渐地形成基本的文章评判与朴素的文章品 鉴能力和素养 学会学好自修与他修 从内在提高学生作出好文章好作文的心理需求与愿 望 为提高学生的作文水平与文字能力和学生人文领域的日后发展奠定一个坚实的基础 四 小学作文互动螺旋式评改方法 传统评改作文的操作流程一般是 首先 教师精批细改学生作文 然后在课堂上针对 学生作文中的优缺点进行一一罗列 实践证明 这种方法收效甚微 究其根本原因 教师 在整个评讲过程中唱主角 学生只是配角 教师没有调动广大学生的积极性 发挥学生的 主观能动性 因此 语文教师应另辟蹊径 让每一位学生都成为作文评改的主角 因此 构建一种新的作文评改模式就显得尤为重要 由于长期从事高年段的语文教学 经过一段 时间的摸索 构建了 例文引领 智能互改 操作模式 1 示范修改 典型引路 1 选择例文 作好铺垫 克拉克 范例教学 理论要求 教师教给学生的东西 必 须是经过教师精心挑选的具有代表性的内容 所以范文的选择是关键的关键 我把学生习 作收上后 会宏观地挑选一篇 这篇例文要围绕作文要求 既要有明显的 亮点 又要有 明显的不足 然后印发给学生或者投影到屏幕上 便于共同修改 开出 良方 这种良莠 并兼的例文才可以起到示范引领作用 2 明确要求 落实方法 根据本次习作的要求 老师和学生一起围绕训练内容 重难点自由讨论 确定本次习作的重点 评改要求和批改 标准 进而全班统一本次作文评改的重点 每次评改根据作文教学的序列安排来确定重点 而不需要全面开花 如该次训练目标突出的重点 可以是事情是否写具体 可以是重点是 否突出 可以是是否按一定的顺序 也可以是选材是否新颖 还可以是题目是否恰当 总之 每次的侧重点不同 真正体现每课一得 课课必得 3 师生共评 思维碰撞 确 定了例文 明确了方法 师生共同讨论例文的优缺点 让学生分组讨论 在这一步中 教 师要引导学生发现文章的优点 为己所用 同时引导学生发现文章的缺点 在以后写作中 避免 在小组交流中 教师要充分吸收各方面的意见 创设和谐宽松的民主气氛 然后全 班交流 老师利用投影教会学生正确的修改方法和步骤 让学生有章可循 操作步骤 用 波浪线画出好词佳句 用正确的修改符号修改病句与病段 根据每次训练重点写出亮点与 不足 评分 2 智能互改 水到渠成 1 自评自改 跃跃欲试 在例文的指引下 学生明确了目标 掌握了修改方法和步 骤 再加上平时作文 PK 口头评改的积累 个个从 望而却步 到 跃跃欲试 于是 老 师不失时机地先让他们用铅笔修改自己的习作 再写下亮点和不足 自评分数 2 交换 互改 取长补短 所谓 旁观者清 当局者迷 有了前面环节的铺垫 可以放手让学生修 改别人的习作了 要求他们抱着尊重别人劳动成果的心态 拿起红笔 真正当一回小老师 认真修改同桌的习作 写好评语后还要端端正正地签上 小老师 给他们戴上 小老师 的花环 当然不敢马虎了事 个个俨然一个老师 正襟危坐 认真修改 交换 互改时 可以是同桌 可以是组内 还可以是随机 形式不一 3 小组评议 共同进步 三个臭皮匠 顶个诸葛亮 交换互改后进入小组评议 关于小组划分 应根据具体情况 根据组间同质 组内异质的原则进行分组 每组以 4 6 人为宜 每组都应该由写作水平好 中 差的学生搭配 便于共同进步 小组评议的步骤是 轮流发言 读出你所改的文章的 好词佳句 说出 亮点 提出质疑 共同讨论 4 评文竞赛 精彩纷呈 批改后 写 作者与批改者展开对话交流 面对面说出你这样修改的原因 这是最激烈的环节 学生思 维的火花全被点燃 经常争辩得面红耳赤 最后只能寻求老师的帮助 5 教师评定 有 效指导 学生互评之后 教师还要全面检查调控 习作收上来后 既要看学生的习作 也 要检查学生的评改情况 对习作中没有被修正的错误 要及时指出 教师还必须检查文后 评语的正误 对于评语不当的 应加以纠正 并在下次作文评改课上加以提醒 这样也体 现出教师的指导作用 3 成功分享 其乐融融 成就动机人皆有之 而 发表 就是鼓励 就是认可 就是成功 教师要想方设法给 学生的作文一个 发表 的机会 让更多不同层次的学生不断获得成功并体验成功的喜悦 这无论是在调动学生的写作兴趣上 还是在提高学生的作文能力上 都将产生巨大的推动 作用 因此 老师为孩子们创设了很多美文发表的空间 其一 收录班级作品集 金色童 年 其二 发到班级博客 美文共赏 其三 推荐到各报刊发表 对于评改认真者 也 扫描发到班级博客 并在教室 我的作文我做主 园地展览 4 互动螺旋式评改具体步骤 为了对上一步的讨论成果进行及时巩固 学生以个人为单位按兴趣喜好选择某段内容 进行实际修改操作 在这种情况下 语文教师就需要注意对学生思考问题进行积极引导 文章哪里还有所不足 自己想如何去修正 在作文修改后 学生对其修改成果进行分 享 语文教师应该积极鼓励学生讨论所写内容 并主动该次作文修改后的收货 并阐述自 己掌握了那些写作技巧与实际写作中应该注意那些问题 学生依照例文评改方法评改自己 所写的作文 同时将修改心得写出来 确保学生能够在实际作文写作期间能够字斟句酌 精心构思 而语文教师通过将批注性语言加在作文中 能够对学生在作文写作中的用意与 思考加以直接了解 对学生写作心理进行正确把握 以此有效指导学生展开作文写作 教 学流程如下 学生自评 交换作文互动评改 教师评定学生互批情况 学生修改作 文并撰写修改心得 教师终结性评价 发表与分享 首先 写作要求和评改方法的明 确 其次 学生自我评估 在作文评改中 学生需要依照首步要求和相关评改方法自评自 己所写的作文 使作文基本修改意见得以初步形成 学生间交换作文 展开互动评改机制 再次 语文教师应该选择小组交换 同桌互换和随机交换等相结合的方式进行学生之间的 互动评改 其次学生通读作文不能少于两遍 一遍略读 一遍精读 随后按照标准进行评 改 评改时必须认真思考 事实求是 并附姓名 教师在批改文章本身的同时 也应注意 学生对作文的评改 对文章本身和文章评改两个方面作出指导和及时的修正 注意对文章 评改能力不达标者进行针对性的重点辅导 学生对老师和同学的建议进行认真思考和综合 把握从而对文章进行最后的修改 并附心得体会 应注意从文章修改原因 过程 结果等 方面进行比较总结心得体会 小学语文教师浏览所修改的最终版作文 同时鼓励学生自我 评改 指导学生从作文修改中总结经验 为今后的作文写作打下基础 为了提高学生 兴趣和及时巩固成果 教师可建立一个文章发表公布的平台 让学生体验文章带给自己的 成功之处 将多种作文成果发表的渠道提供给学生 比方说 将作文天地在黑板中开辟出 来 创建班级优秀作文集 将学生作文推荐到当地杂志社或者学校广播台中 小学生对作 文学习的兴趣有明显的增强 提高学生的作文水平 选取各个层次水平的学生各几名作为 实验个体 以几堂典型性的作文课堂为载体 作连续性的记录 结果显示 在作文兴趣方 面 产生兴趣的学生增加了 2 倍 觉得一般的学生减少 44 而对其完全没兴趣的则减少 6 在写作能力方面 认为能够有效提高写作能力的学生增加了 1 6 倍 觉得效果一般的 减少了 17 效果较差的则减少了 38 互动螺旋式 的评改比较好地激发和提高了学生 兴趣和能力 五 总结 课题成果推广中 要重点关注小学作文 互动螺旋式评改 方式的应用 将课题研究 组积累的教学模型和教学方法加以整合 相互借鉴 形成贯穿课堂教学始终的一整套小学 作文 互动螺旋式评改方式 实施策略 由于小学生的基础差异较大 其作文水平存在差 异 课题组要重点关注小学生的个体差异 寻求促进不同基础 各个层次的学生共同提高 学生的作文水平 为学生的终身发展奠定基础 The interactive process of spiral is based on Chinese curriculum standard on the relevant expositions of writing teaching and requirements which should not only keep modifying composition content examination to the student at the same time should also revises the thesis the process and method of the necessary attention and created a new composition correction mode to adapt to the modern teaching requirements It can guide students step by step since the change each other complement each other each other between the students eventually improve the level of their composition together Abroad choose open composition teaching evaluation standard pay attention to students individual differences Teachers encourage students to explain judgment Let the students write and change This gives this topic brings great theoretical reference value Also in the research about the thesis revises many schools across the country reform or effective strategy research a lot of schools have developed effective strategies and practical way of correcting a composition Such as wei scholar teacher let students practice of correcting a composition have actual effect and the students are willing to accept Between each group of students composition students are able to read each two and two more than the composition of the classmate can discover and correct the faults of others and to take also can learn the good in people learn from each other And tested finally the students not only remember the basic requirement of the writing and have a relatively deep understanding and memory than ever to improve the students cognition and writing level In addition students between the classmate also added a platform for the communication of ideas This report first of all fully consider the current of The Times the Chinese curriculum reform of our country education background characteristics therefore to based on the composition teaching a process of the status quo and will improve the correction of the writing attitude and students to improve their articles appreciate quality and ability as the starting point and the foothold finally created a new spiral pattern a process of interaction and verification in practice and achieved good teaching effect This new composition correction model validation results show that the both in the traditional teaching environment or the modern network teaching environment can effectively improve students writing attitude and improve the students appreciation ability and accomplishment First the research background 1 Primary school composition teaching a process of the status quo Composition teaching is not only a difficult point of Chinese teaching but also affects the bottleneck factor to the further development of Chinese teaching Primary school Chinese teachers in the thesis revises tend to consume a lot of energy and effort but after the thesis result will be distributed to students many students simply pay attention to the teacher s comment on writing and composition level If the teacher evaluation and students not equal communication or lack of skill so students can easily lose hope of case Some teachers in correcting impose their own personal way of thinking on students hard to avoid the students active thinking confined Some teachers in correcting the high request a process that often lead to full articles became teachers change the product not only conducive to improving the students enthusiasm and there is no guidance to play its composition And past primary school composition teaching program mainly teachers guidance corrects students writing teachers and teacher evaluation Students in the perspective of information theory the thesis study the comprehensive process namely the students absorb information information output information feedback and evaluation On the perspective of information feedback however the teaching process is only one way information feedback so this thesis teaching way little success So it is imperative to reform the traditional way of composition correction 2 The curriculum standard for teaching reform To pay attention to guide students in the process of self modification and change each other to improve writing ability Is our country Chinese course standard in the proposals clear requirements And in the second period and the third phase composition writing goal requirements namely learning to modify the composition writing error is significant words and sentence patterns To modify your composition carefully active exchange with other classmates and modification to protect their own composition writing standards HangKuan correctly and sentence fluent Second the research purpose and meaning Subject based on the disadvantages of traditional composition correcting model build a new interactive spiral composition correcting model Through five kinds of teaching research has formed a more mature for correcting model of students Students can actively into the process of interactive spiral thesis revises put down the burden have words to say have asked dare to mention there are suspected dare to pledge form freely so that the students in the process of benefit improve their writing ability Relying on the spiral pattern a process of interaction will be a single writing training into reading writing editing cooperation and enjoy a variety of functions such as writing training the composition of unilateral and bilateral activities regarding expansion of multilateral activities improve the students cooperation and appreciation ability Interactive mode is a process of spiral composition will cultivate the students interest in learning and stimulate their writing desire as the starting point and final foothold change passive learning into active learning let the students learn to study willing to learn through the interaction between students and teachers cooperation and communication understand each other listen to each other already broke the previous set of writing but also conducive to the formation of creative thinking and enhancing and to the improvement of the primary school Chinese composition teaching a process of further development is of great significance Three the research goal and the content 1 The research target Through the thesis teaching lesson example research and accumulation grope for a interactive spiral in composition teaching style in the process of new way In the composition of the interactive process of way to the information in the thesis teaching one way feedback into multi way cross type information feedback Students through mutual evaluation modify themselves and help others to modify this a series of process to promote reading comprehension writing revision level of ascension eventually make the language comprehensive ability to use a spiral ascension 2 The research content Through the literature observation methods of student work undertake to the student interview causes of the disadvantages of traditional composition correction method carries on the analysis research Through practice and study and explore a composition interactive process of the new way to promote the development of students the teacher corrects one evaluation can be converted to under the guidance of teachers all students of self a process of mutual not only beneficial to change the current teaching practice in teachers fine batch change the current situation of low efficiency but also more comprehensive from macroscopic to microcosmic correcting behavior guidance for students so as to stimulate teachers and students both sides the greatest degree change afraid of group composition of teachers students afraid of change composition All levels level students selected several individuals as experiment with a few typical composition class as the carrier continuity of record So that the students gradually form a basic evaluation and simple articles tasting ability and accomplishment learn to learn to get repaired with him from the inside to improve students psychological needs and desire to make a good writing is good writing In order to improve the students ability of composition level and text and students in the field of humanities and development in the future to lay a solid foundation Four interactive spiral primary school composition correction Traditional composition regarding the operation of the process is first fine group of teachers to students composition and then the advantages and disadvantages for students in the class composition list one by one Practice has proved that this method have little effect investigate its root causes teachers sing leading role in the whole process of commented students only in a supporting role the teacher didn t arouse the enthusiasm of students students subjective initiative into full play Therefore the language teacher should be a different approach let every student become the protagonist of composition correction Therefore to build a new composition correction mode is particularly important Due to long engaged in the full period of Chinese teaching after a period of groping build the intelligent mutual change lead operating mode 1 The model changes the typical way 1 select samples paving Clarke example teaching theory called teachers teach students must be through the contents of the teachers carefully selected representative So the key to the model selection is the key After I put the charge on student work macro to select an article this text around the composition requirements both should have obvious bright spot and have obvious shortcomings Then printed and distributed to students or projected onto a screen and facilitate modifications together issued a cure This fire and herewith can play a demonstration and leading role 2 clear requirements implement the method According to the requirements of the project teachers and students together around the training content heavy difficulty brainstorming confirm the emphases of this paper and a process of grade standard thus the focus of the unified process of the composition of the class Every time a process according to the sequence arrangement to determine key of composition teaching without the need for a full blossom Training goals such as the prominent key whether can be things write specific whether can be the key prominent whether can be according to certain order also can be select material is novel and also can be a proper subject All in all each of the different emphasis embody each lesson the punishment wingsley will receive 3 a total evaluation of teachers and students thinking collisions Confirmed the samples has been clear about the method the advantages and disadvantages of the teachers and students to discuss samples lets the student group discussion in this step teachers should guide students to find the good in the article in their place guides the student to find the disadvantages of the article at the same time to avoid in the later writing In group communication teachers should fully absorb the various aspects of ideas create a harmonious atmosphere relaxed democracy then the communication the class teacher using projection methods and steps teach students the right to modify let the student zhang With wavy lines operating steps good word lovers With the right to modify symbols modify pragmatically and disease According to each training key write the window and deficiencies Score 2 Intelligent mutual change follow 1 the self assessment since the change itch to try In text under the guidance of students has been clear about the goal to master the modifying methods and steps plus the usual PK oral composition of a process of accumulation all from the off to hungry So the teacher time to let them change their paper with a pencil write again bright spot and the insufficiency self reported scores 2 exchange each other complement each other The so called lookers on see most of the students With the front part of bedding can let students to change someone else s project requiring them to hold respect others work achievement of mentality pick up the red pen when real time little teacher the earnest revision deskmate assignments written comments after sign seriously from the little teacher XXX Give them to wear little teacher garland of course can t careless all like a teacher sit the earnest revision Exchange each other change can be deskmate can be a group can also be random and different forms 3 team review make progress together Are better than one two heads are better Exchange change into the team after each review About group division should according to the specific situation based on the principle of heterogeneous homogeneity between groups group to gr