2018年高考英语全国2卷真题分析

1 2018 年高考英语全国年高考英语全国 II 卷卷真题解析真题解析 试卷导航试卷导航 语篇语篇话题话题体裁体裁词数词数难度难度 阅读理解阅读理解 A暑期活动暑期活动应用文应用文293 55 348易易 阅读理解阅读理解 B水果甜品水果甜品说明文说明文258 90 348 中中 阅读理解阅读理解 C青少年阅读青少年阅读说明文说明文295 110 405 中中 阅读理解阅读理解 D闲谈的益处闲谈的益处议论文议论文309 99 408中中 阅读七选五阅读七选五晨练的好处晨练的好处说明文说明文211 73 284易易 完形填空完形填空父亲碰巧营救父亲碰巧营救 儿子儿子 记叙文记叙文251易易 语法填空语法填空中国调整农作中国调整农作 物种植结构为物种植结构为 全球生态环境全球生态环境 改善做贡献改善做贡献 说明文说明文200中中 短文改错短文改错年少时父母让年少时父母让 我我 玩纸牌玩纸牌 记叙文记叙文108中中 2 游戏的良苦用游戏的良苦用 心心 书面表达书面表达通知通知应用文应用文100 左右左右 中中 试题解读试题解读 第二部分第二部分 阅读理解 共两节 满分阅读理解 共两节 满分 40 分 分 第一节第一节 共 共 15 小题 每小题小题 每小题 2 分 满分分 满分 30 分 分 阅读下列短文 从每题所给的阅读下列短文 从每题所给的 A B C 和和 D 四个选项中 选出最佳选四个选项中 选出最佳选 项 项 A Summer Activities Students should read the list with their parents carers and select two activities they would like to do Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school Before choices are finalised parents carers will be asked to sign to confirm their child s choices ActivityDescriptionMemberCost 3 of staff Outdoor Adventure OUT Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week discover new personal qualities and learn new skills You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor Learn rock climbing and work as a team and enjoy the great outdoor environment Mr Clemens 140 WWI Battlefields and Paris WBP On Monday we travel to London After staying overnight in London we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefields On Day 3 we cross into Belgium Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks Our final day Friday sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights Mrs Wilson 425 Crafty Foxes CRF Four days of product design centred around textiles Making lovely objects using recycled and made materials Bags cushions and decorations Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual textiles Mrs Goode 30 Potty about Potter POT Visit Warner Bros Studio shop stop to buy picnic stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in Streatley on Thames guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations picnic lunch outside Oxford s Christchurch boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks before heading back to Exeter Miss Drake 150 21 Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping 4 A OUT B WBP C CRF D POT 22 What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs Wilson A Travel to London B See a parade and fireworks C Tour central Paris D Visit the WWI battlefields 23 How long does Potty about Potter last A Two days B Four days C Five days D One week 语篇解读语篇解读 关键词关键词summer activities 主旨概要主旨概要本文是一篇应用文 介绍了四种暑期活动 并让学生选择本文是一篇应用文 介绍了四种暑期活动 并让学生选择 他们希望参加的两种活动 他们希望参加的两种活动 百科知识百科知识 1 基督教堂学院 基督教堂学院 Christchurch 是牛津大学最大学院 是牛津大学最大学院 基督教堂学院享有不称为基督教堂学院享有不称为 College 的特权 在牛津它通常的特权 在牛津它通常 被称为被称为 The House 基督教堂学院与英国政治渊源很 基督教堂学院与英国政治渊源很 深 曾在内战时作为查理一世的临时首都 在近深 曾在内战时作为查理一世的临时首都 在近 200 年内年内 产生了产生了 16 位英国首相 这里也是电影位英国首相 这里也是电影 哈利哈利 波特波特 的重的重 要取景地 要取景地 5 2 查韦尔河 查韦尔河 River Cherwell 是泰晤士河 是泰晤士河 River Thames 位于英格兰中部的主要支流 全长 位于英格兰中部的主要支流 全长 40 英里 流英里 流 经牛津大学城 最终在牛津西南方汇入泰晤士河 经牛津大学城 最终在牛津西南方汇入泰晤士河 语言知识语言知识 重难点词重难点词final ise finalise 把 计划 旅行 项目等 最后定下把 计划 旅行 项目等 最后定下 来 来 see 为为 发生的时间发生的时间 approved 正式正式 认可的 认可的 核准的核准的 location 电影的 外景拍摄地 电影的 外景拍摄地 熟词生义 熟词生义 head 朝 某方向 行进朝 某方向 行进 重难点词块重难点词块 comfort zone 舒适区舒适区 personal quality 个人素质个人素质 work as a team 团队合作团队合作 stay overnight 过夜过夜 centre around 以以 为中心 集中于为中心 集中于 guided tour 有导游的游有导游的游 览览 长难句分析长难句分析 Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks 句意为 周四我们短途旅行去巴句意为 周四我们短途旅行去巴 6 黎 游览巴黎迪士尼乐园 晚些时候 我们观看游行和烟黎 游览巴黎迪士尼乐园 晚些时候 我们观看游行和烟 花 在本句中 花 在本句中 where 作关系副词引导定语从句 修饰先作关系副词引导定语从句 修饰先 行词行词 Paris 现在分词结构 现在分词结构 staying 作伴随状语 作伴随状语 写作句型写作句型1 Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school 2 Before choices are finalised parents carers will be asked to sign to confirm their child s choices 3 You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor 4 Our final day Friday sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights 答案与解析答案与解析 21 A 事实细节题事实细节题 由由 Outdoor Adventure OUT 的内容中提到的的内容中提到的 You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor 可知 如果想露营选可知 如果想露营选 OUT 这一活动 这一活动 22 D 事实细节题事实细节题 由由 WWI Battlefields and Paris WBP 的内容中提到的的内容中提到的 Mrs Wilson 以及以及 On Monday we travel to London After staying overnight in London we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefields 可知学生们将在周二和威尔逊女士参观第一次世界大战的战场 可知学生们将在周二和威尔逊女士参观第一次世界大战的战场 7 23 A 事实细节题事实细节题 由由 Potty about Potter POT 的内容中提到的的内容中提到的 Visit Warner Bros Studio shop stop to buy picnic stay overnight heading back to Exeter 可知 可知 Potty about Potter 活动持续两天 活动持续两天 B Many of us love July because it s the month when nature s berries and stone fruits are in abundance These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection Of the common berries strawberries are highest in vitamin C although because of their seeds raspberries contain a little more protein 蛋白质蛋白质 iron and zinc not that fruits have much protein Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants 抗氧化物质抗氧化物质 The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants As for cherries 樱桃樱桃 they are so delicious who cares However they are rich in vitamin C When combined with berries or slices of other fruits frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick cooling fruit shakes and low fat ice cream For this purpose select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze If you like a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown Frozen bananas will last several weeks depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer 8 If you have a juicer you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit Out comes a soft serve creamy dessert to be eaten right away This makes a fun activity for a children s party they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below 24 What does the author seem to like about cherries A They contain protein B They are high in vitamin A C They have a pleasant taste D They are rich in antioxidants 25 Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas A To make them smell better B To keep their colour C To speed up their ripening D To improve their nutrition 26 What is a juicer in the last paragraph A A dessert B A drink C A container D A machine 27 From which is the text probably taken A A biology textbook B A health magazine C A research paper D A travel brochure 9 语篇解读语篇解读 关键词关键词berries stone fruits nutritional frozen bananas fruit shakes soft serve creamy dessert 主旨概要主旨概要本文是一篇说明文 主要介绍了各种莓类和核类水果营本文是一篇说明文 主要介绍了各种莓类和核类水果营 养丰富以及和冰冻香蕉等水果搭配的两种不同食用方法养丰富以及和冰冻香蕉等水果搭配的两种不同食用方法 果昔和软冰淇淋 果昔和软冰淇淋 原文出处原文出处 语言知识语言知识 重难点词重难点词jewel 非正式用语 宝贝 难能可贵的人 珍贵的东 非正式用语 宝贝 难能可贵的人 珍贵的东 西 西 base 混合物的主要成分 混合物的主要成分 thick 浓的 粘稠的 浓的 粘稠的 squeeze 榨出 挤出榨出 挤出 重难点词块重难点词块stone fruits 核果类水果 核果类水果 in abundance 大量 充裕 大量 充裕 be high rich in 富含 富含 as for 至于 至于 fruit shakes 果昔 果昔 low fat 低脂 低脂 depend on 取决于 取决于 feed into 把把 放进 塞进放进 塞进 长难句分析长难句分析Out comes a soft serve creamy dessert to be eaten right away 句意为 出来的是软冰淇淋甜品 需要立句意为 出来的是软冰淇淋甜品 需要立 即食用 这是一个完全倒装句 主谓颠倒顺序 即食用 这是一个完全倒装句 主谓颠倒顺序 to be eaten right away 非谓语动词短语作补语 补充说明前非谓语动词短语作补语 补充说明前 10 面的面的 dessert When combined with berries or slices of other fruits frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick cooling fruit shakes and low fat ice cream 句意为 当冰冻香句意为 当冰冻香 蕉和其他莓类或水果片混合时 就会成为制作浓郁冰凉蕉和其他莓类或水果片混合时 就会成为制作浓郁冰凉 果昔和低脂果昔和低脂 冰淇淋冰淇淋 的不错的主要底料 的不错的主要底料 答案与解析答案与解析 24 C 事实细节题事实细节题 根据第二段最后一句根据第二段最后一句 As for cherries they are so delicious who cares However they are rich in vitamin C 可知 樱桃非常美味 这是可知 樱桃非常美味 这是 人们喜欢樱桃的原因 人们喜欢樱桃的原因 25 B 事实细节题事实细节题 根据第三段倒数第二句根据第三段倒数第二句 If you like a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown 可知 香蕉中可知 香蕉中 放入少量的柠檬汁可以使其不变色 放入少量的柠檬汁可以使其不变色 26 D 词义猜测题词义猜测题 根据第四段前两句根据第四段前两句 If you have a juicer you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit Out comes a soft serve creamy dessert to be eaten right away 可知 将冰冻香蕉和其他莓类 可知 将冰冻香蕉和其他莓类 水果放进去 出来的是奶油状甜品 由此可推知水果放进去 出来的是奶油状甜品 由此可推知 juicer 指的是榨汁机 指的是榨汁机 27 B 推理判断题推理判断题 全文主要介绍了各种莓类所含营养成分以及和冰冻香蕉全文主要介绍了各种莓类所含营养成分以及和冰冻香蕉 等水果搭配的食用方法 由此可推测这篇文章可能来自健康杂志 等水果搭配的食用方法 由此可推测这篇文章可能来自健康杂志 C 11 Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children s lives and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading According to the report s key findings the proportion 比例比例 who say they hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13 year olds and 9 percent of 17 year olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children ages 2 8 remain largely the same But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session When it comes to technology and reading the report does little to counsel 建议建议 parents looking for data about the effect of e readers and tablets on reading It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading mainly due to concerns about increased screen time The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently compared to infrequent readers have more books in the home more books purchased 12 for them parents who read more often and parents who set aside time for them to read As the end of school approaches and school vacation reading lists loom 逼近逼近 ahead parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore 28 What is the Common Sense Media report probably about A Children s reading habits B Quality of children s books C Children s after class activities D Parent child relationships 29 Where can you find the data that best supports children are reading a lot less for fun A In paragraph 2 B In paragraph 3 C In paragraph 4 D In paragraph 5 30 Why do many parents limit electronic reading A E books are of poor quality B It could be a waste of time C It may harm children s health D E readers are expensive 31 How should parents encourage their children to read more A Act as role models for them B Ask them to write book reports 13 C Set up reading groups for them D Talk with their reading class teachers 语篇解读语篇解读 关键词关键词teens reading a lot less for fun 主旨概要主旨概要本文是一篇报道 聚焦青少年快乐阅读的人数呈下降趋势 本文是一篇报道 聚焦青少年快乐阅读的人数呈下降趋势 数据显示在阅读方面父母起着榜样的力量 并对孩子有引数据显示在阅读方面父母起着榜样的力量 并对孩子有引 导作用 最后作者呼吁家长抓住假期的机会列出自己的书导作用 最后作者呼吁家长抓住假期的机会列出自己的书 单 并制定一家人去图书馆和书店的计划 单 并制定一家人去图书馆和书店的计划 原文出处原文出处 Parenthood 2014 0512 Teens reading for fun is on the decline says report 语言知识语言知识 重难点词重难点词steep 数量的上升或下降 急剧的 数量的上升或下降 急剧的 encourage 促进 促进 respectively 分别 各自 分别 各自 session 一次 一次 purchase 正式正式 用语用语 买 买 approach 在距离或时间上在距离或时间上 靠近靠近 重难点词块重难点词块when it comes to doing sth 当涉及 做 某事时 当涉及 做 某事时 due to 因为 因为 concern about sth 对某事的忧虑 对某事的忧虑 serve act as 充充 当 担当 当 担当 compare sth to sth 某物与某物相比 某物与某物相比 set aside 14 留出留出 钱或时间钱或时间 step in 介入 干涉 介入 干涉 be of poor quality 质量差 质量差 a waste of time 浪费时间 浪费时间 role model 楷模 行为楷模 行为 榜样榜样 长难句分析长难句分析 According to the report s key findings the proportion who say they never or hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13 year olds and 9 percent of 17 year olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today 句句 意为 根据这个报告的重要发现 意为 根据这个报告的重要发现 那些说他们从来或几那些说他们从来或几 乎不以读书为乐趣的人的比例分别从乎不以读书为乐趣的人的比例分别从 1984 年的年的 13 岁中的岁中的 8 17 岁中的岁中的 9 上升到了现在的上升到了现在的 22 和和 27 主语主语 为为 proportion 谓语动词是 谓语动词是 has gone who 引导定语从句引导定语从句 修饰修饰 proportion The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading 句意为 报句意为 报 告中所分享的最令人鼓舞的数据是 在阅读方面 父母是告中所分享的最令人鼓舞的数据是 在阅读方面 父母是 孩子的榜样和重要的楷模 孩子的榜样和重要的楷模 写作句型写作句型When it comes to technology and reading the report does little to counsel parents looking for data about the effect of e readers and tablets on reading 答案与解析答案与解析 15 28 A 事实细节题事实细节题 根据第一段的根据第一段的 Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun according to a Common Sense Media report released Monday 可可知知 这这则则报报告告主主要要是是关关于于阅阅读读习习惯惯的的 29 B 事实细节题事实细节题 根据第三段提到的数据根据第三段提到的数据 the proportion who say they never or hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13 year olds and 9 percent of 17 year olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today 可知 青少年快乐阅读的人数呈下降趋势 可知 青少年快乐阅读的人数呈下降趋势 30 C 推理判断题推理判断题 根据第五段的最后一句根据第五段的最后一句 It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading mainly due to concerns about increased screen time 可知 许多父母限制孩子电子阅读主要是担心增加他可知 许多父母限制孩子电子阅读主要是担心增加他 们看电子屏幕的时间 也就是怕伤害孩子的视力 即 损害他们的健康 们看电子屏幕的时间 也就是怕伤害孩子的视力 即 损害他们的健康 31 A 推理判断题推理判断题 根据第六段可知 在读书方面父母是孩子的榜样 数据根据第六段可知 在读书方面父母是孩子的榜样 数据 显示经常读书的孩子家里有更多的书 他们的父母给他们买的书也更多 显示经常读书的孩子家里有更多的书 他们的父母给他们买的书也更多 其父母也更经常读书 由此可推知 父母如果想鼓励孩子多读书 自己应其父母也更经常读书 由此可推知 父母如果想鼓励孩子多读书 自己应 该为孩子树立榜样 该为孩子树立榜样 D We ve all been there in a lift in line at the bank or on an airplane surrounded by people who are like us deeply focused on their smartphones or worse struggling with the uncomfortable silence What s the problem It s possible that we all have compromised 16 conversational intelligence It s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it s awkward and challenging or we think it s annoying and unnecessary But the next time you find yourself among strangers consider that small talk is worth the trouble Experts say it s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy but we can t forget that deep relationships wouldn t even exist if it weren t for casual conversation Small talk is the grease 润滑剂润滑剂 for social communication says Bernardo Carducci director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk he explains The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others not just communicate with them In a 2014 study Elizabeth Dunn associate professor of psychology at UBC invited people on their way into a coffee shop One group was asked to seek out an interaction 互动互动 with its waiter the other to speak only when necessary The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience It s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband says Dunn But interactions with peripheral 边缘的边缘的 members of our social network matter for our well being also Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly 17 greater sense of belonging a bond with others Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk Small talk is the basis of good manners he says 32 What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph A Addiction to smartphones B Inappropriate behaviours in public places C Absence of communication between strangers D Impatience with slow service 33 What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci A Showing good manners B Relating to other people C Focusing on a topic D Making business deals 34 What does the coffee shop study suggest about small talk A It improves family relationships B It raises people s confidence C It matters as much as formal talk D It makes people feel good 35 What is the best title for the text A Conversation CountsB Ways of Making Small Talk C Benefits of Small TalkD Uncomfortable Silence 18 语篇解读语篇解读 关键词关键词conversation small talk social communication chat interaction 主旨概要主旨概要本文是一篇议论文 主要论述了闲谈在人际交往中本文是一篇议论文 主要论述了闲谈在人际交往中 的好处及重要性 的好处及重要性 原文出处原文出处http www readersdigest ca health relationships be nefits small talk 语言知识语言知识 重难点词重难点词compromise 互让 让步互让 让步 well being 幸福感幸福感 重难点词块重难点词块focus on 专注于专注于 struggle with 挣扎挣扎 conversational intelligence 交谈能力交谈能力 dismiss sth as 认为某物认为某物 而不予考虑而不予考虑 result in 造成 导致造成 导致 connect with sb 与某人建立良好关系与某人建立良好关系 seek out 找找 出 物色出 物色 reach out to sb 表示对某人感兴趣 表示表示对某人感兴趣 表示 愿意提供援助愿意提供援助 a sense of belonging 归属感归属感 长难句分析长难句分析Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy but we can t forget that deep relationships wouldn t even exist if it weren t for casual conversation 认为闲谈认为闲谈 19 不重要而不予考虑很容易 但我们不要忘记 如果不重要而不予考虑很容易 但我们不要忘记 如果 没有随意的聊天 就不会有深入的人际关系 此处没有随意的聊天 就不会有深入的人际关系 此处 是是 but 连接的两个并列句 第一个并列句是主系表连接的两个并列句 第一个并列句是主系表 结构 非谓语动词短语结构 非谓语动词短语 Dismissing small talk as unimportant 作主语 第二个并列句中包含一个作主语 第二个并列句中包含一个 that 引导的宾语从句作引导的宾语从句作 forget 的宾语 宾语从句是的宾语 宾语从句是 虚拟语气 虚拟语气 写作句型写作句型It s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence It s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it s awkward and challenging or we think it s annoying and unnecessary The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others not just communicate with them The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience Small talk is the basis of good manners 答案与解析答案与解析 32 C 推理判断题推理判断题 文章首段提到公共场合中 在周围都是人的情况下 人文章首段提到公共场合中 在周围都是人的情况下 人 20 们只是专注地盯着自己的手机 甚或苦苦挣扎于令人不自在的沉默中 从们只是专注地盯着自己的手机 甚或苦苦挣扎于令人不自在的沉默中 从 中可以推断出文章首段描述了陌生人之间缺少交流的这样一个现象 中可以推断出文章首段描述了陌生人之间缺少交流的这样一个现象 33 B 事实细节题事实细节题 根据第三段根据第三段 Carducci 所说的话所说的话 The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others not ju