高中状语从句导学案

1 状语从句状语从句 思维导图思维导图 易考易错点总结易考易错点总结 状语从句包括时间状语从句 地点状语从句 条件状语从句 让步状语从句 原因状 语从句 目的状语从句和结果状语从句 对状语从句的考查主要集中在连接词上 尤其要 重视 as until before since when in case 等连词的各种语义功能和语法功能 具体来说主要 包括 1 考查状语从句的连接词 要掌握各个连词的含义及其用法 还有它们之间的区别 如 时间状语的连词有 while when as as soon as until not until before after since 等 条件状语从句的连词有 if unless in case on condition that provided that supposing suppose that 等 结果状语从句的连词有 so that 如此 以至于 such that 如此 以至于 等 2 考查固定搭配和习惯用法的连接词 如 no sooner than hardly when scarcely before the moment minute directly 2 3 考查不同性质的连词在不同的语境中所表达的不同意义 如 as 既能引导时间状语从句 又能引导原因状语从句和让步状语从句 where 能引 导地点状语从句和定语从句等 4 考查状语从句的时态 主要考查在时间 条件 让步状语从句中用一般现在时表将来及用一般过去时代替过 去将来时的用法 5 考查状语从句的省略 在时间 原因 条件 方式 让步等状语从句中 常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代 词 it 以及 be 动词 保留现在分词 过去分词 介词短语 不定式等成分 如果从句中有 it is 形容词 结构 也可以省略 it is 6 考查状语从句 宾语从句 简单句和并列句的句式结构 如 when 引导时间状语从句意为 当 的时候 引导宾语从句意为 什么时候 if 引导条件状语从句意为 如果 引导宾语从句意为 是否 等 1 1 状语含义 修饰状语含义 修饰 词 词 词 词 词或词或 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分 二 状语从句 在主从复合句中做状语的从句 结构为 句子二 状语从句 在主从复合句中做状语的从句 结构为 句子 引导词作状语 引导词作状语 如 He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China 3 3 状语从句分类 状语从句分类 时间状语从句时间状语从句 地点状语从句地点状语从句 原因状语从句原因状语从句 条件状语从句条件状语从句 目的状语从句目的状语从句 结果状语从句结果状语从句 方式状语从句方式状语从句 比较状语从句比较状语从句 让步状语从句让步状语从句 状语从句名 称 常用连词 时间When while as as soon as hardly when no sooner than scarcely when since 自从 once whenever before after till until the moment the minute the second the instant immediately directly instantly by the time every time each time as long as so long as 地点Where wherever 条件If unless once 一旦 就 in case that 万一 so long as as long as on condition that as far as so far as 原因Because since 既然 now that as seeing that 看到 considering that 考 3 虑到 结果Such a an that so that so so that that 目的So that in order that for fear that in case 以防 以免 让步Though although as ever if even though whatever whenever wherever however whichever whoever whomever no matter what no matter when no matter where no matter how no matter which no matter who no matter whom whether or not whether or not 不管 与否 比较As as not so as as more than less than 方式As just as as if as though 练习题练习题 1 While I was walking along the street I found many beatiful buildings 2 Where there is a will there is a way 3 Now that Since everybody is here let s begin our meeting 4 I ll speak slowly so that you can understand me 5 So clever was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems 6 As long as you don t lose heart you ll succeed 7 Try as he might he could not find a job 8 The old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son 9 He is taller than I am 一一 时间状语从句时间状语从句 时间状语从句常用 1 When while as 2 as soon as hardly when before no sooner than scarcely when whenever3 since 自从 once before after till until 4 the moment the minute the second the instant the day the year by the time every time each time next time any time the first time the second time 5 immediately instantly directly 等词来引导 例如 It was raining hard I got to school yesterday 4 he was doing his homework the telephone rang he walked along the lake he sang happily He had learned a little Chinese he came to China he finished middle school he went to work in a factory He was ill I saw him No sooner had she heard the news he cried 1 连接词连接词 when 的用法小结的用法小结 1 when 可用来引导时间状语从句 意为 当 的时候 从句的谓语动词可以 是 也可以是 的 如 the film ended they went back I lived there I used to go to the seashore on Sundays 2 When 常用于下列句式 意为 就在那时 如 was doing something when was about to do when was on the point of doing sth when had done when 3 when 可以表 既然 如 How can I help them to understand they won t listen to me 练习题 填空 1 We were swimming in the lake suddenly the storm started 2 He was about to tell me the secret someone patted him on the shoulder 3 He transplanted the little tree to the garden it was the best time for it 4 Did Jack come back early last night Yes It was not yet eight o clock he arrived home 5 5 He was about halfway through his meal a familiar voice came to his ears 2 连接词连接词 while 的用法小结的用法小结 1 while 可用来引导时间状语 意为 引导的动作必须是 如 Please don t talk so loud others are working 2 while 作为并列连词 意为 表示对比 Jane was dressed in brown Mary was dressed in blue 3 while 也可用来引导让步状语 意为 相当于 I admit that the problems are difficult I don t agree that they can t be solved 4 趁 的情况赶紧做 否则来不及了 Strike the iron is hot 练习练习 1 The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain the quality of life is probably one of the highest A since B when C as D while 2 I accept that he is not perfect I do actually like the person A While B Since C Before D Unless 3 it is true that a student s most important goal is to do well in his or her studies it doesn t need to be the only goal A when B As C While D Before 4 Mary made coffee her guests were finishing their meal 全国 A so that B although C while D as if 3 as 用法小结用法小结 6 1 引导时间状语从句 强调同时发生或紧接着引导时间状语从句 强调同时发生或紧接着 发生 动作无先后 发生 动作无先后 当当 时候时候 一边一边 一边一边 随着随着 2 引导原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句 3 引导方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句 4 引导让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句 必须用必须用 5 引导比较状语从句 引导比较状语从句 as as 6 引导定语从句 引导定语从句 7 介词 介词 练习题练习题 猜测词义 猜测词义 as 用法小结用法小结 1 As I left the house I forgot the key 2 As I get older I get more optimistic 3 He hurried home looking behind as he went 4 As the weather is so bad we have to stay home 5 You can do it as you like 6 Old as he is he is still energetic 7 He speaks English as fluently as a native speaker 4 比较比较 while when as 类别作 用例 句 as as 表示 当 的时候 往往和 when while 通用 但它着重强调 主句与从句的动作或事情同时或 几乎同时发生 She came up as I was cooking 同时 The runners started as the gun went off 几乎同时 when at or during the time that 既可以表 示在某一点的时候 又可表示在 某一段时间内 主句与从句的动 作或事情可以同时发生也可以先 后发生 It was raining when we arrived 指时 间点 When we were at school we went to the library every day 在一段时间内 while while 意思是 当 的时候 或 在 某一段时间里 主句中的动作或 Please don t talk so loud while others 7 事情在从句中的动作或事情的进 展过程中发生 从句中的动词一 般要用延续性动词 在 when 表示 a period of time 时 两者可以互换 are working He fell asleep while when reading Strike while the iron is hot 用 as 或 when 不可 这里的 while 意思是 趁 注意事项 注意事项 a as when 引导短暂性动作的动词 例如 Just as Just when When I stopped my car a man came up to me 我一刹车 有一个人向我走来 b 当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前 只能用 when 引导这个从句 不 可用 as 或 while 例如 When you have finished your work you may have a rest c 从句表示 随时间推移 连词能用 as 不用 when 或 while 例如 As the day went on the weather got worse 日子一天天过去 天气越变越 坏 练习题练习题 用用 while when as 填空 填空 I was walking down the street I noticed a police car in front of the store John arrived I was cooking lunch he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening How can he get good grades he won t study 他不好好学习却能得高分 他 是怎么做到的 When 表示虽然 I was wandering through the street I caught sight of a tailor s shop the grandparents love the children they are strict with them 对比练习 1 We were about to leave it began to rain 2 She thought I was talking about her son in fact I was talking about my son 3 Hardly had I finished my composition the bell rang A when B while C as D during 5 引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有 引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有 till until 和和 not until 8 1 until till 从句用于肯定句时 主句的动词是延续性动作 意为 如 We waited until till he came 2 用于否定句时 主句谓语动词是非延续性动词 意为 如 He won t go to bed until her father returns 3 till 不可以置于句首 而 until 可以 如 Until you told me I had no idea of it 4 not until 句型中的强调和倒装说法 It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it Not until you told me did I have any idea of it 练习题练习题 1 Was his father very strict with him when he was at school Yes He had never praised him he became one of the top students in his grade A after B unless C until D when 2 03 上海 A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiosity he reaches the end of the story A when B unless C after D until 3 It was not she took off her dark glasses I realized she was a famous film star A when thatB until thatC until when D when then 6 连接词连接词 before 的小结的小结 说出说出 before 含义含义 1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land 2 We hadn t run a mile before he felt tired 3 Please write it down before you forget it 4 Before I could get in a word he had measured me before 的有关句型 1 It will be 段时间 before 还要过多久才 9 It will be two years before he leaves the country 2 It was 时间段 before 从句 动作已发生 It was three weeks before he came back 3 It will not be long before 不多久就会 It won t be long before she comes back 4 It was not long before 不多久就 了 如 It wasn t long before he left the country 5 It is 时间 since 如 It is three years since she was in the army It is three years since she joined the army 7 since 的用法的用法 1 I have returned home four times since I came here 2 She has been working here since he left school 3 I have seen her twice since he lived here 4 It is three years since the war broke out 5 It was years since I had seen her 译 总结 It is some time since did It was some time since had done 练习题练习题 1 He made a mistake but then he corrected the situation it got worse A until B when C beforeD as 2 Scientists say it may be five or six years it is possible to test this medicine on human patients 10 A since B after C before D when 3 Why didn t you tell him about the meeting He rushed out of the room I could say a word A before B untilC whenD after 4 It is almost five years we saw each other last time A before B since C after D Because 对比练习对比练习 1 It will be years we meet again 2 It is ten years I came to this town 3 It is ten years ago I came to this town A when B that C before D since 8 hardly scarcely When before no sooner than as soon as 表示表示 一一 就就 once 一旦一旦 如果如果 hardly 或或 no sooner 或或 scarcely 置于句首 句子必置于句首 句子必 须倒装 须倒装 Hardly scarcely had I got home when it began to rain I have finished it I ll give you a call you show any fear he will attack you We had hardly got into the country it began to rain when it began to rain 用部分倒装 No sooner had he arrived He had no sooner arrived she started complaining 9 directly immediately instantly the moment the minute 一一 就就 He made for the door he heard the knock 10 一些含有一些含有 time 的名词短语 如的名词短语 如 the first second last time every time each time next time by the time 等 也可引导时间状语从句 等 也可引导时间状语从句 The first time I drove the car I felt very nervous 11 Next time you come please bring your composition 注意 表示未来情况 主句用将来时 从句用现在时 在时间和条件从句中 主句是一般将来时 从句通常用一般现在时表示一般将 来或者用现在完成表示将来完成 e g We ll go outing if it doesn t rain tomorrow I ll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai Don t get off the bus until the bus has stopped 练习题练习题 1 Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her Yes I gave it to her I saw her A whileB the momentC suddenlyD although 2 I thought her nice and honest I met her A first time B for the first time C the first timeD by the first time 3 entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report A He hardly had B Had he hardly C Hardly had he D Hardly he had 二二 条件状语从句条件状语从句 引导状语从句的连接词有 If 如果 unless 相当于 if not 除非 如果不 as so long as 只要 in case 假 使 如果 provided providing that 假如 Suppose supposing that 假如 on condition that 条件是 As so far as 据 所知 given that 鉴于 考虑 12 1 if 如果如果 表示正面的条件 表示正面的条件 祈使句 and or 陈述句 在意思上相当于 一个带有条件状语从句的复合句 例如 Hurry up or you ll be late If you don t hurry up you ll be late Study hard and you will pass the exam If you study hard you will pass the exam If you work harder you will succeed Work harder you will succeed Work harder you won t succeed harder you will succeed 2 on condition that suppose that supposing that 假如 in case 万一 provided that providing that 倘若 等也可引导条件状语从句 e g You may borrow the book that you do not lend it to others that I don t have a day off what shall we do that there is no opposition I will act as the representative of our school 练习题练习题 1 I can see there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger A Because B As far as C If D Even if 2 I always take something to read when I go to the doctor s I have to wait A in case B so that C in order D as if 三三 让步状语从句让步状语从句 引导词有引导词有 though although even though even if as 倒装倒装 while 尽管尽管 whoever whatever however no matter what when who how whether or etc 1 though although 引导的让步状语从句 后面的从句不能有 但是 可和 and yet 可连用 例如 Although it s raining they are still working in the field He is very old but he still works very hard Though the sore may be healed yet a scar may remain 伤口虽愈合 但伤疤留下 13 了 2 as 引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前 形容词 副词 分词 实义 动词提前 例如 Child as he was he knew what was the right thing to do Though 也可以用于倒装 但其可倒装可不倒装 Child though he was he knew what was the right thing to do 3 ever if even though 即使 例如 We ll make a trip even though the weather is bad 4 whether or 不管 都 例如 Whether you believe it or not it is true 5 no matter 疑问词 或 疑问词 后缀 ever 例如 No matter what happened he would not mind Whatever happened he would not mind 替换 no matter what whatever no matter who whoever no matter when whenever no matter where wherever no matter which whichever no matter how however 形容词 副词 主 语 谓语 注意 注意 no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句 6 while 也可一代让步状语从句 意思是 尽管 e g While I admit his good points I can see his shortcomings 练习题练习题 1 I accept that he is not perfect I do actually like the person A While B Since C Before D Unless 2 Allow children the space to voice their opinions they are different from your own A untilB even ifC unless D as though 3 He tried his best to solve the problem difficult it was A however B no matter C whatever D although 4 The old tower must be saved the cost A however B whatever C whichever D wherever 14 5 English and French are taught here You can choose you like A no matter which B whichever D Whatever 对比练习 1 He would have a look at the bookstores he went to town 2 We decide to finish the work on time happens 3 If we work with a strong will we overcome any difficulty great it is 4 I ll give the book to likes English A whenever B Whoever C whatever D however 四 四 结果状语从句结果状语从句 1 结果状语从句常由 so that so that 或 such that 引导 so that 与 such that 之间可以转换 例如 The boy is so young that he can t go to school He is such a young boy that he can t go to school There is not much noise here so that I feel very comfortable 2 so that such that 的区别 So 为副词 修饰形容词或副词 不能修 饰名词 such 是形容词 用来修饰名词 常见结构有 2 such a adj 名词 that clause such adj 名词复数 3 so adj adv that clause 4 so many few 复数名词 that clause much little 少 不可数名词 e g Mike is an honest worker that we all believe him Mike is honest an worker that we all believe him It is good weather that we all want to go out He earned little money that he couldn t support himself 15 It s not surprising that little child can manage it 注意注意 so that 表示目的和结果的区别 目的状语从句谓语常含有 can could may might will would 等情态动词 They set out early so that they might arrive in time They set out early so that they arrived in time 五五 原因状语从句原因状语从句 引导词有引导词有 because since now that 既然既然 as 和和 for 比较比较 because since as 和和 for 1 because 语势最强 用来说明人所不知的原因 回答 why 提出的问题 当原 因是显而易见的或已为人们所知 就用 as 或 since 例如 I didn t go because I was afraid Since As the weather is so bad we have to delay our journey 2 由 because 引导的从句如果放在句末 且前面有逗号 则可以用 for 来代替 但如果不是说明直接原因 而是多种情况加以推断 就只能用 for 例如 He is absent today because for he is ill He must be ill for he is absent today 3 since 表示对方已经知晓 无需加以说明的原因或事实 语气比 because 弱 I ll do it for you since you are busy 4 now that 意为 既然 与 since 同义 但更突出事实本身 Now that I am well again I can go on with my work 5 as 表示的往往是十分明显的原因 听者或读者已经知道或可以看出来 语气 较弱 比较口语化 As you object I ll change my plan 六六 目的状语从句目的状语从句 表示目的状语的从句可以由 so that in order that lest 以防 免得 以免 for fear that 以防 免得 以免 in case 以防 免得 以免 等词引导 例 如 16 You must speak louder so that in order that you can be heard by all 你必须大点 声 别人就能听见了 He wrote the name down for fear that lest he should forget it 他写下了这个 名字以免以后忘记 注意注意 a 目的状语从句谓语常含有 can could may might will would 等情态动词 b 连接词 in case lest for fear that 可以用来引导虚拟语气 其形式通常为 lest in case for fear that 主语 should 动词原形 Lest for fear that 句中的 should 可以省去 in case 句中的 should 通常不省去 但是 in case 句中可以不用虚拟语气 而用陈述语气 Lest for fear that 后面也可以 接其他形式 例如 He took his coat with him in case it should rain 他带着雨衣以防下雨 I will not make a noise for fear that I should might disturb you 我不会做声的 以免打扰你 Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur 在使用这以方法的时候要谨慎小心 以免发生溢流现象 七七 比较状语从句比较状语从句 比较状语从句通常由 as as not as so as than the more the more 引导 1 as so as e g Tom is as tall as John Tom is not so as tall as John 注意 as as 既可以用于肯定句又可以用于否定句 so as 只用于否定句 2 than e g He runs faster than I run 3 the more the more e g The harder he tries the better result he will get 八八 方式状语从句方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由 as if as though as just as so 引导 1 as just as so 引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后 但在 just as so 结构中位于句首 这时 as 从句带有比喻的含义 意思是 正如 就 17 像 多用于正式文体 例如 Always do to the others as you would be done by 你希望人家怎样待你 你就 要怎样待人 As water is to fish so air is to man Just as we sweep our rooms so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds 2 as if as though 两者的意义和用法相同 引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气 表示与事实 相反 有时也用陈述语气 表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大 汉译常 作 仿佛 似的 好像 似的 例如 They completely ignore these facts as if as though they never existed 他们完全忽略了这些事实 就仿佛它不存在似的 与事实相反 谓语用 虚拟语气 He looks as if as though he had been hit by lighting 他那样子就像被雷击了似的 与事实相反 谓语用虚拟语气 It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon 看来天气很快就会好起来 实现的可能性较大 谓语用陈述语气 说明 as if as though 也可以引导一个分词短语 不定式短语或无动词短语 例如 He stared at me as if seeing me for first time 他目不转睛地看着我 就像第一 次看见我似的 He cleared his throat as if to say something 他清了清嗓子 像要说什么似的 The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger 波涛冲击着岩石 好像很愤怒 九 地点状语从句九 地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由 where wherever 引导 例如 Where I live there are plenty of trees 我住的地方树很多 Wherever I am I will be thinking of you 不管我在哪里我都会想到你 Go where you like Where there is a will there is a way 注意 没有先行词 区别于定语从句 He advise me to live the air is fresher A in which B what C where D when He advise me to live in a place the air is fresher A in which B what C that D which 18 1 After the war a new school building was put up there had once been a theater A that B whereC whichD when 2 Don t look down upon Bob He has his own advantages Oh yes