直接引语与间接引语的区别和用法4-9

直接引语与间接引语的区别和用法 宾语从句是间接引语 定义 直接引语 直接引用别人的原话 并在原话前后加引号 例 He said It is too late 间接引语 用自己的话转述别人的话 多数以宾语从句的形式构成 例 He said it was too late 直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题 第一 人称的变化 主语为第一人称的直接引语 变间接引语时 人称要做相应调整 例如 直接引语 She said I am hungry 间接引语 She said she was hungry 直接引语 Mum said to me You must clean your bedroom by yourself 间接引语 Mum told me that I had to clean my bedroom by myself 第二 时态变化 直接引语变间接引语时 间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致 其规律如下图 注意 1 直接引语为客观真理时 间接引语时态不变 仍用一般现在时 例如 Teacher told us The moon moves round the earth Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth 2 直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时 间接引语仍用一般过去时 例如 She said I went to England in 1998 She said she went to England in 1998 3 主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候 间接引语时态不变 He says I bought you a book yesterday He says that he bought me a book yesterday 第三 指示代词 时间状语 地点状语和动词的变化 1 时间状语 直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语 now then tomorrow the next following day today that day next week the next following week month year yesterday the day before two days ago two days before last week month year the week month year before this week month year that week month year 2 指示代词 these 变成 those 3 地点状语 here 变成 there She said I won t come here any more She said that she wouldn t go there any more 4 动词 come 变成 go bring 变成 take 当引语是谚语 格言时 如 He said Practice makes perfect He said that practice makes perfect 当直接引语中有情态动词 should would could had better would rather might must ought to used to need 时 如 例如 The doctor said You d better drink plenty of water The doctor said I d better drink plenty of water He said She must be a teacher He said that she must be a teacher He said She ought to have arrived her office by now He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then The teacher said You needn t hand in your compositions today The teacher said we needn t didn t need to didn t have to hand in our compositions She asked Must I take the medicine She asked if she had to take the medicine 注 此处用 had to 代替 must 更好 转述中的变化要因实际情况而定 不能机械照搬 如果当地转述 here 不必改为 there 动 词 come 不必改为 go 如果当天转述 yesterday tomorrow this afternoon 等均不必改变 如 Teacher You may have the ball game this afternoon Student What did the teacher say Monitor Monitor He said we might have the ball game this afternoon 第四 句式上的变化 1 陈述句变间接引语时 用 that 连接 如 She said I am a girl She said that she was a girl that 可以省略 2 一般疑问句 选择疑问句和反意疑问句变间接引语时 要用陈述语气 并要加连词 if 或 whether 例如 She asked me Are you Mr Li She asked me if I was Mr Li She asked us Do you want to go on a picnic She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic 3 特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导 例如 How much have we spent on petrol this year Susan asked her husband Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year 4 祈使句变间接引语 一改二变三加四去 一改 said to 改为 ask 二变 said to 的宾语变为 asked 等的宾语 三加 即在动词原形前加 to 使成为动词不定式 四去 去掉 please 例 He said to her Don t take the book away He asked her not to take the book away 5 感叹句变为间接引语 直接引语是感叹句时 变间接引语可用 what 或 how 引导 也可用 that 引导 如 She said What a lovely day it is She said what a lovely day it was 或 She said that it was a lovely day What awful weather it is she said She complained about the awful weather What a bright girl you are He said to me He praised me that I was a bright girl 直接引语为选择疑问句 间接引语用 whether or 表达 而不用 if or 也不用 either or 如 He asked Do you speak English or French He asked me whether I spoke English or French I asked Will you take bus or take train I asked him whether he would take bus or take train 直接引语为祈使句时 改为间接引语 用带 to 的不定式表达 谓语动词常是 ask advise tell warn order request 等 如 ask sb to do 由肯定祈使句变成 ask sb not to do 由否定 祈使句转变 并且在不定式短语中的时间状语 地点状语 人称及时态都作相应的变化 如 He said Be seated please He asked us to be seated Do be careful with your handwriting He said He told me to be careful with my handwriting Never come here again said the officer nearby The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again Don t touch anything in the lab without permission the teacher said The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission 有些含有 建议 劝告 的祈使句 可用 suggest insist offer 等动词转述 如 He said Let s have a rest He suggested our having a rest He said Let me help you He offered to help me 当直接引语形式上是疑问句 有表示请求 建议意义时 可用 ask sb to do sth suggest