Lecture Subordination I 语法教程ppt课件.ppt

Chapter31Subordination I Teachingcontents 1 Coordinationandsubordination2 Subordinateclauses finite NominalclausesRelativeclausesAdverbialclauses3 Somefewnotesonadverbialclauses 并列和从属是两种不同的连接手段 eg Therainstopped Thesuncameout Therainstoppedandthesuncameout Whentherainstopped thesuncameout 从句主句从属 把次要思想置于结构上的从属地位 从而突出句子的主要思想 1 Coordinationandsubordination Subordinators从属连词 Subordinateclausesaregenerallyintroducedbysubordinators which intermsofwordformation构词法 canbeclassifiedinto simplesubordinators 简单从属连词complexsubordinators 复杂从属连词correlativesubordinators 关联从属连词marginalsubordinators 边际从属连词 afteralthoughbecausebeforedirectlyforif immediatelylestlikesincethatthoughtill unlessuntilwhen ever where ver whereuponwhilewhilst etc Alsoknownasone wordsubordinators Simplesubordinator简单从属连词 Alsoknownas multi wordsubordinators Someoftheseendin that assumingthatbutthatconsidering that except that excepting that forall that given that granted that granting that inthatinorderthat insofarthatintheeventthatnow that provided that providing that savethatseeing that so that suchthatsupposing that Complexsubordinators复杂从属连词 Complexsubordinators复杂从属连词 Someoftheseendin as accordingasasfarasaslongasassoonas forasmuchasinasmuchasinsofarasinsomuchas Othersinclude asifincaseasthough Correlativesubordinators关联从属连词 Subordinatorsofthisgrouparecomposedoftwocorrelativewords as asas sonotso assuch asthe the etc barely hardly scarcely whenmore er less thannosooner thanwhether or Marginalsubordinators边际从属连词 freelexicalcombinations Thisgroupissometimeshardtodistinguishfromcomplexsubordinators evenififonlyjustasonlyifeverytime that theinstant that themoment that duetothefactthatinthesensethat forthereasonthatbyreasonthatforfear that inspiteofthefactthatinthelightofthefactthatonaccountofthefactthatonthegroundsthatregardlessofthefactthat 2 Subordinateclauses finite 限定从属从句 Structurally subordinateclausesmaybefinite non finite orverbless Afinitesubordinateclauseisonewhosepredicatorisafiniteverbphrase Nominalclauses 名词性分句 主 宾 补 同位 Relativeclauses 关系分句 定语从句 Adverbialclauses 状语分句 状语 Nominalclauses名词性分句 Alsoknownas nounclauses ItcanperformmostfunctionsofNPsUsuallyintroducedby that orbyawh wordsuchaswho what which where when how why etc Nominalclausescanfunctionassubject object subjectcomplement appositive 同位语 andprepositionalcomplementation 介词补语 Nominalclauses名词性分句 Itisquiteclearthatthecrimewasdonedeliberately Ican timaginewhatmadehimbehavelikethat Themysteryiswhetherheeverwentthereatall Myoriginalquestion whyhediditatall hasnotyetbeenanswered Youmustgiveitbacktowhoeveritbelongs subject object subjectcomplement appositive prepositionalphrase 主语从句thesubjectclause 你所说的话是正确的 Whatyousaidisquitetrue 我们在什么地方做这个实验还在讨论 Whereweshalldothetestisstillunderdiscussion 大家对他怎样完成这项工作的都很感兴趣 Howhemanagedtofinishthejobisofinteresttousall 为什么早晨的太阳看上去比中午的太阳大 这事很有趣 Whythesuninthemorninglooksbiggerthanthesunatnoonisveryinteresting FixedPatternsofSubjectClause FixedPatternsofSubjectClause FixedPatternsofSubjectClause 表语从句thepredicativeclause 这就是她昨天请假的原因 Thatiswhyshehadaday offyesterday 问题在于我们能不能在明天晚上以前完成这项工作 Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishourworkbytomorrowevening 看起来天要下雪 Itlooksasifitisgoingtosnow 事物并不总是如其表象 Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe 宾语从句theobjectclause 我知道他很友好而且好客 Iknowthatheisfriendlyandhospitable 我问他是否确信知道自己在做什么 Iaskedhimifheissurewhatheisdoing 历史语言学家研究语言是如何随着时间的推移而发展的 Historicallinguistsstudyhowlanguagesevolveovertime 宾语从句theobjectclause 同位语从句theappositiveclause 签订了合同这件事本身很重要 Thefactthatthecontractwassignedwasimportant 我不相信他杀了他女儿的谣言 Idon tbelievetherumorthathehaskilledhisdaughter 我们听到我们中国运动员赢得了许多金牌的消息非常激动 WewereveryexcitedatthenewsthatourChineseathleteswonmanygoldmedals 同位语从句theappositiveclauseor定语从句theobjectclause 对约翰昨天告诉的消息我俩都不感兴趣 NeitherofusshowedanyinterestinthenewsthatJohntoldusyesterday 听到暑假将要在大连度过的消息 我们非常高兴 WearedelightedatthenewsthatwearegoingtospendoursummervacationinDalian 状语从句Adverbialclauses 1 时间状语从句 adverbialclauseoftime 2 地点状语从句 adverbialclauseofplace 3 原因状语从句 adverbialclauseofcause 4 条件状语从句 adverbialclauseofcondition 5 让步状语从句 adverbialclauseofconcession 6 目的状语从句 adverbialclauseofpurpose 7 结果状语从句 adverbialclauseofresult 8 方式状语从句 adverbialclauseofmanner 1 时间状语从句 adverbialclauseoftime notuntil assoonas themoment that 等我做完作业我才和你一起去 Iwon tgowithyouuntilIfinishmyhomework 我们一到家 电话就响了 Assoonaswegothome thetelephonerang 我一看见她就立刻认出她来了 IrecognizedherimmediatelyIsawher 她一来到我就要见她 Iwanttoseeherthemomentthatshearrives 1 时间状语从句 adverbialclauseoftime directly nosooner than hardly when老师一进来 大家就静了下来 Directlytheteachercameineveryonewasquiet 他刚到机场 飞机就起飞了 Hardlyhadhereachedtheairportwhentheplanetookoff 这些话刚一出口 他就意识到自己本来应该保持沉默 Nosoonerhadthewordsbeenspokenthanherealizedthatheshouldhaveremainedsilent 2 地点状语从句 adverbialclauseofplace Where wherever everywhere anywhere有志者事竟成 Wherethereisawill thereisaway 这些天你可以去你想去的地方 Youcangowhereveryoulikethesedays 他们每到一处 都受到热烈的欢迎 Everywheretheywent theywerewarmlywelcomed 你喜欢哪儿我就带你去哪儿 I lltakeyouanywhereyoulike 3 原因状语从句 adverbialclauseofcause nowthat seeingthat consideringthat inthat你驾驶考试既已及格 就可以独自开车了 Nowthatyou vepassedyourtest youcandriveonyourown 由于天气不好 我们要呆在家里了 Seeingthattheweatherisbad we llstayathome 考虑到他只学了一年 他的英文讲得相当不错了 Consideringthathe sonlybeenlearningEnglishayear hespeaksitverywell 广告不同于其他交际形式 因为登广告的人要为其所提供的信息付费 Advertisementisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationinthattheadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered 4 条件状语从句 adverbialclauseofcondition 如果我能存下足够的钱 我就买台计算机 I llbuyacomputerifIamabletosaveupenoughmoney 除非天气不好 我的父亲晚上总是去散步 Unlesstheweatherwasbad myfatheralwaysusedtotakeawalkintheevening 假如你有一百万英镑 你怎么花呢 Supposeyouhadamillionpounds howwouldyouspendit 假如你为我负担费用 我就同意去 Iwillagreetogoprovidingthatmyexpensesarepaid 5 让步状语从句 adverbialclauseofconcession 他们虽然没有得到官方的支持 但仍继续奋斗 Thoughtheylackofficialsupport theycontinuetheirstruggle 即使我再次失败 我也绝不会放弃实验 EvenifIfailedagain Iwillnotgiveuptheexperiment 尽管她有时很恼人 但我还是喜欢她 Ilikehereventhoughshecanbeannoying 5 让步状语从句 adverbialclauseofconcession 5 让步状语从句 adverbialclauseofconcession 6 目的状语从句 adverbialclauseofpurpose 她要七点钟备好茶点 这样她八点以前就可以出门了 Shewantedteareadyatsevensoshecouldbeoutbyeight