定语从句完整版.ppt

1 定语可以由形容词 代词 数词 名词 分词 不定式 介词短语等来担任 修饰名词 以分词 介词短语为例 例 ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate Themandrivingtoofastwasdrunk 定语从句在英语中 修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句 例 ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisKate Themanwhowasdrivingtoofastwasdrunk 2 关系代词如何引导定语从句普通代词与关系代词的区别Ihaveasister SheworksinShanghai 代替sister普通代词 只起代替的作用 如上例she Ihaveasisterwho thatworksinShanghai 关系代词 如上例who which 1 代替先行词 2 它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分 3 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句 把主句和从句连起来 3 Thebuildingisourschool Thebuildingstandsbytheriver 关系代词的使用取决于先行词 它们的关系非常密切 因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词 所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后 而且它的人称 数必须和先行词一致 Thebuildingwhich thatstandsbytheriverisourschool 先行词关系词定语从句 which that是关系代词 它在从句中代替先行词thebuilding 同时担任从句中的主语 也起连词的作用 把两个简单句连接起来 4 关系词判断步骤 首先 要看先行词 如果先行词是指人 关系代词可用who that whom whose 如果先行词指物 关系代词可用which或that 然后 要确定关系词在从句中的成分 请看下表 5 最后 定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致 注 定语从句的时态不受主句的限制 Thewomanwho thatspokeatthemeetingyesterdayismymother 主句 Thewomanismymother 叙述客观事实用一般现在时 从句 Thewoman who that spokeatthemeetingyesterday 句中yesterday表示过去时间 6 7 thetallthestrongtheclever boy TheboyisTom TheboywhoistallisTom TheboywhoisstrongisTom TheboywhoiscleverisTom 8 TheboyisTom Theboyissmiling TheboyisTom Theboyhasaroundface TheboywhoissmilingisTom 主语 TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom TheboyisTom Hesitsinfrontofme TheboywhositsinfrontofmeisTom 9 Themaniskind Everyonelikeshim Theman who everyonelikesiskind 宾语 Thewomangotthejob Wesawheronthestreet Thewoman whom wesawonthestreetgotthejob Theteacherwillgiveusatalk Wemettheteacheryesterday Theteacher whom wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk 10 关系代词 1 who指人 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 Theman who Italkedwithisourteacher Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief 2 whom指人 作宾语 作宾语可省略 如介词提前则不能省 Theman whom who ItalkedtoisMr Li ThemantowhomItalkedisMr Li 11 关系代词 3 whose是代词的所有格形式 它既可以代人也可以代物 Pleaseshowmethebook Itscoverisred Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred Isawawoman Herbagwasstolen Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen 12 apple theredthegreenthesmallthebig Theapplewhichisredismine Theapplewhichisgreenisyours Theapplewhichisredissmall Theapplewhichisgreenisbig 13 Canyoufindthepen Iwrotewithitjustnow CanyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow Canyoufindthepen which Iwrotewithjustnow 14 4 which指物 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 如介词提前则不能省 Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear TheTVset which heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan Isthisthelibrary which youborrowbooksfrom Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks 15 1 Thisisthehero whom weareproudof Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud Thisisthehero that weareproudof 2 Theroom that Iliveinisverybig Theroom which Iliveinisverybig TheroominwhichIliveisverybig TheroomwhereIliveisverybig 注意 固定动介词组不可分割 介词不能提前 例如 lookafter lookat 关系代词与介词 介词放在关系代词的前面时 介词宾语只能用which代物 用whom代人 介词在末尾时 关系词可以省略 16 定语从句中需注意事项有些情况下只用关系词that 而不宜用which1 从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时Thisisthemostinterestingstory that Ihaveeverheard Thefirstmeeting that wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon 2 先行词是something nothing anything等不定代词时Hereissomething that Iwilltellyou 17 3 先行词既有人也有物时 只能用thatIcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures that Isee 4 先行词是oneof theone 或用little much few no all some any theonly thevery thesame thelast作修饰时Isittheonethatyouwant Ihaven tgotmuchthatIcanofferyou 5 当主句已有疑问词who或which时 用thatWhoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting 18 注 who that在指人可以通用 但下列宜用who 不用that1 先行词是anyone someone those时 关系词使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere 2 在therebe句型中 先行词指人 关系词用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim 19 关系副词 关系副词是用来引导定语从句的 它和关系代词一样 在从句中代替先行词 在句中作状语 where 在从句中作地点状语 指代地点 when 在从句中作时间状语 指代时间 1 Thehotelwasn tclean Westayedatthehotel Thehotelwherewestayedwasn tclean Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasn tclean Thehotel which westayedatwasn tclean 20 2 I llneverforgettheday IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday I llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague I llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague 21 1 Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld Wemetheryesterday Thescientist wemetyesterdayisverywhofamousintheworld whomthat 2 Thedressisnew Sheiswearingit Thedressthatsheiswearingisnew which 22 3 Heisthekindperson Ihaveeverworkedwithhim 4 Thisisthebestfilm Ihaveeverseenthisfilm HeisthekindpersonthatIhaveeverworkedwhowith whom ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen 23 单项选择 1 Thisisthejob theylaughedat A whichB asC itD who2 BeihaiParkisabeautifulpark builtabout300yearsago A wherewasB thatwereC whichwasD where3 Whowasthegrey hairedman atyesterday smeeting A wesawhimB wesawC wesawwhoD shewasseen4 Theman ispaintingthehouseismyuncle A heB whomC whoseD who5 Whatistheanimal babyissleepinginitspocket A whoB whoseC itsD which A C B D B 24 6 Thisbookisforthestudents nativelanguageisn tEnglish A thatB ofwhomC whoseD who s7 Therobbersshouted Handsup I llshootanyone moves A whomB thatC whoD whose8 Thedictionary hepaid50yuanforisveryuseful A whichB forwhichC onwhichD aboutwhich9Theboy parentsdiedtwoyearsagoliveswithhisgrandpanow A whoseB whoC hisD 10 Theman issmokingisabusdriver A whomB whoC whichD what C C A A B 25 根据汉语完成句子 1 Thisistheengineer 给我们作关于计算机报告的 theotherday 2 Mynecklaceisnot 唯一不见的东西 3 Theman 在这间房子里工作的 isanEnglishteacher 4 Theoldbuilding 我们住的 hasbeenherefor30years 5 Thehistorybook 封皮是黄的 waslost whogaveusatalkaboutcomputers theonlythingthat smissing whoworksintheroom that which welivein whosecoverisyellow 26 根据汉语完成句子 6 Hereisthepen 你昨天丢失的 7 Thisisthebestbook 我读过的 8 Ihavelostthepen 我父亲给我买的 9 Wheatisapla